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Devin Blair Terhune - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Suggestibility in functional neurological disorder a meta analysis
Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 2021Co-Authors: Lillian Wieder, Richard J Brown, Trevor Thompson, Devin Blair TerhuneAbstract:Objective Responsiveness to direct verbal suggestions (Suggestibility) has long been hypothesised to represent a predisposing factor for functional neurological disorder (FND) but previous research has yielded conflicting results. The aim of this study was to quantitatively evaluate whether patients with FND display elevated Suggestibility relative to controls via meta-analysis. Methods Four electronic databases were searched in November 2019, with the search updated in April 2020, for original studies assessing Suggestibility using standardised behavioural scales or suggestive symptom induction protocols in patients with FND (including somatisation disorder) and controls. The meta-analysis followed Cochrane, Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses and Meta-analyses Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines. Data extraction and study quality coding were performed by two independent reviewers. Standardised Suggestibility scores and responsiveness to symptom induction protocols were used to calculate standardised mean differences (SMDs) between groups. Results Of 26 643 search results, 19 articles presenting 11 standardised Suggestibility data sets (FND: n=316; control: n=360) and 11 symptom Suggestibility data sets (FND: n=1285; control: n=1409) were included in random-effect meta-analyses. Meta-analyses revealed that patients with FND displayed greater Suggestibility than controls on standardised behavioural scales (SMD, 0.48 (95% C, 0.15 to 0.81)) and greater responsiveness to suggestive symptom induction (SMD, 1.39 (95% CI 0.92 to 1.86)). Moderation analyses presented mixed evidence regarding the extent to which effect sizes covaried with methodological differences across studies. No evidence of publication bias was found. Conclusions These results corroborate the hypothesis that FND is characterised by heightened responsiveness to verbal suggestion. Atypical Suggestibility may confer risk for FND and be a cognitive marker that can inform diagnosis and treatment of this condition.
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Suggestibility in functional neurological disorder a meta analysis
medRxiv, 2020Co-Authors: Lillian Wieder, Richard J Brown, Trevor Thompson, Devin Blair TerhuneAbstract:Abstract Objective Responsiveness to direct verbal suggestions (Suggestibility) has long been hypothesized to represent a predisposing factor for functional neurological disorder (FND) but previous research has yielded conflicting results. The aim of this study was to quantitatively evaluate whether FND patients display elevated Suggestibility relative to controls via meta-analysis. Methods Four electronic databases were searched in November 2019, with the search updated in April 2020, for original studies assessing Suggestibility using standardized behavioural scales or suggestive symptom induction protocols in FND patients and controls. The meta-analysis followed Cochrane, PRISMA, and MOOSE guidelines. Data extraction and study quality coding were performed by two independent reviewers. Standardized Suggestibility scores and responsiveness to symptom induction protocols were used to calculate standardized mean differences (SMDs) between groups. Results Of 26,643 search results, 19 articles presenting 11 standardized Suggestibility datasets (FND: n = 316; control: n = 360) and 11 symptom Suggestibility datasets (FND: n = 1285; control: n = 1409) were included in random-effects meta-analyses. Meta-analyses revealed that FND patients displayed greater Suggestibility than controls on standardized behavioural scales (SMD, 0.48 [95% CI, 0.15, 0.81]) and greater responsiveness to suggestive symptom induction (SMD, 1.39 [95% CI, 0.92, 1.86]). Moderation analyses presented mixed evidence regarding the extent to which effect sizes covaried with methodological differences across studies. No evidence of publication bias was found. Conclusions These results corroborate the hypothesis that FND is characterized by heightened responsiveness to verbal suggestion. Atypical Suggestibility may confer risk for FND and be a cognitive marker that can inform diagnosis and treatment of this condition.
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Hypnosis and imagination
2020Co-Authors: Devin Blair Terhune, D. A. OakleyAbstract:Hypnosis involves the use of verbal suggestion to modulate behaviour and experience. Hypnosis and imagination have long been associated and the view that hypnotic suggestion effects changes in experience through imagination is a persistent one. In this review, we first present a brief overview of hypnosis and then turn to its potential relationship to imagery and imagination. We consider whether individual differences in imagination may relate to hypnotic Suggestibility and the extent to which imagery is recruited during response to hypnotic suggestions in psychological and neuroimaging studies. Finally, we briefly consider the roles of imagery and suggestion in clinical applications of hypnosis. We conclude that whilst hypnotic Suggestibility may relate to variability in imagination, hypnotic suggestion and voluntary forms of imagery are subserved by dissimilar neurocognitive mechanisms.
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dissociative subtypes in posttraumatic stress disorders and hypnosis neurocognitive parallels and clinical implications
Current Directions in Psychological Science, 2015Co-Authors: Devin Blair Terhune, Etzel CardenaAbstract:Converging evidence suggests that heterogeneity in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) arises from the presence of discrete subtypes of patients, one of which is characterized by elevated dissociative symptoms. A similar dissociative subtype has been observed among individuals displaying high hypnotic Suggestibility. Here we highlight important parallels between these subtypes, drawing from research on a history of exposure to stressful life events and pathological symptomatology, cognitive functioning, hypnotic Suggestibility, and functional neuroimaging and electrophysiology. Further clarification of these parallels can help elucidate the developmental paths and neurocognitive basis of heterogeneity in PTSD and high hypnotic Suggestibility and refine the understanding and treatment of different subtypes of PTSD.
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Discrete response patterns in the upper range of hypnotic Suggestibility: A latent profile analysis.
Consciousness and cognition, 2015Co-Authors: Devin Blair TerhuneAbstract:High hypnotic Suggestibility is a heterogeneous condition and there is accumulating evidence that highly suggestible individuals may be comprised of discrete subtypes with dissimilar cognitive and phenomenological profiles. This study applied latent profile analysis to response patterns on a diverse battery of difficult hypnotic suggestions in a sample of individuals in the upper range of hypnotic Suggestibility. Comparisons among models indicated that a four-class model was optimal. One class was comprised of very highly suggestible (virtuoso) participants, two classes included highly suggestible participants who were alternately more responsive to inhibitory cognitive suggestions or posthypnotic amnesia suggestions, and the fourth class consisted primarily of medium suggestible participants. These results indicate that there are discrete response profiles in high hypnotic Suggestibility. They further provide a number of insights regarding the optimization of hypnotic Suggestibility measurement and have implications for the instrumental use of hypnosis for the modeling of different psychological conditions.
Gail S Goodman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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developmental differences across middle childhood in memory and Suggestibility for negative and positive events
Behavioral Sciences & The Law, 2016Co-Authors: Pedro M Pazalonso, Gail S GoodmanAbstract:In the present study, we investigated age differences in children's eyewitness memory and Suggestibility for negative and positive events that children often experience during middle childhood. We first examined 216 ratings by children aged 8-12 years of the frequency and intensity of personal negative and positive experiences (Study 1). Based on those ratings, videotapes depicting the most frequent and intense negative (an accident) and positive (a family excursion) events were developed. A new sample of 227 children aged 8-12 years was tested for recognition memory of the videotapes using the three-stage post-event misinformation procedure (Study 2). Compared with 8- to 9-year-olds, 10- to 12-year-olds exhibited less memory malleability and less compliance with false information. Age improvements in recognition accuracy were also evident for children who watched the negative event, but not for those who watched the positive event. Compliance predicted misinformation effects, particularly in regard to peripheral details. Thus, using ecologically representative emotional events, age differences in Suggestibility and memory accuracy emerged, especially for negative events.Theoretical and forensic implications concerning children's eyewitness memory and Suggestibility are discussed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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children s memory and Suggestibility about a distressing event the role of children s and parents attachment
Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 2014Co-Authors: Yoojin Chae, Gail S Goodman, Rakel P Larson, Elsemarie Augusti, Deborah Alley, Kirsten M Vanmeenen, Michelle Culver, Kevin CoulterAbstract:Our goal was to identify individual difference predictors of children's memory and Suggestibility for distressing personally experienced events. Specifically, we examined children's and parents' attachment orientations and children's observable levels of distress, as well as other individual difference factors, as predictors of children's memory and Suggestibility. Children (N=91) aged 3 to 6years were interviewed about inoculations received at medical clinics. For children whose parents scored as more avoidant, higher distress levels during the inoculations predicted less accuracy, whereas for children whose parents scored as less avoidant, higher distress levels predicted greater accuracy. Children with more rather than less positive representations of parents and older rather than younger children answered memory questions more accurately. Two children provided false reports of child sexual abuse. Implications for theory, research, and practice are discussed.
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children s false memory and true disclosure in the face of repeated questions
Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 2008Co-Authors: Jennifer M Schaaf, Kristen Weede Alexander, Gail S GoodmanAbstract:Abstract The current study was designed to investigate children’s memory and Suggestibility for events differing in valence (positive or negative) and veracity (true or false). A total of 82 3- and 5-year-olds were asked repeated questions about true and false events, either in a grouped order (i.e., all questions about a certain event asked consecutively) or in a nongrouped order (i.e., questions about a certain event were interspersed with questions about other events). Interviewer gender was also varied. Individual differences, including attachment style, inhibition, and behavioral adjustment, were examined as potential predictors of memory and Suggestibility. Results revealed significant age, valence, and veracity effects on children’s memory reports. Path analysis demonstrated that individual differences in behavioral problems and inhibitory ability predicted children’s provision of inaccurate information. Implications for psychological theory and legal application are discussed.
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maltreated children s memory accuracy Suggestibility and psychopathology
Developmental Psychology, 2007Co-Authors: Mitchell L Eisen, Gail S Goodman, Jianjian Qin, Suzanne L Davis, John W CraytonAbstract:Memory, Suggestibility, stress arousal, and trauma-related psychopathology were examined in 328 3- to 16-year-olds involved in forensic investigations of abuse and neglect. Children's memory and Suggestibility were assessed for a medical examination and venipuncture. Being older and scoring higher in cognitive functioning were related to fewer inaccuracies. In addition, cortisol level and trauma symptoms in children who reported more dissociative tendencies were associated with increased memory error, whereas cortisol level and trauma symptoms were not associated with increased error for children who reported fewer dissociative tendencies. Sexual and/or physical abuse predicted greater accuracy. The study contributes important new information to scientific understanding of maltreatment, psychopathology, and eyewitness memory in children. Language: en
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children s eyewitness memory a modern history and contemporary commentary
Journal of Social Issues, 2006Co-Authors: Gail S GoodmanAbstract:This article provides a modern historical overview of child eyewitness research, as well as an evaluative commentary on the field, with special emphasis on children's eyewitness memory and Suggestibility in child sexual abuse cases. Four historical periods are reviewed: the 1970s, 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s (to date). Examples of legal cases that inform scientific research are described, discussion of relevant laws is presented, and a review of selected studies is offered. It is concluded that although we have learned a great deal about children's eyewitness memory and Suggestibility over the last few decades, simple answers are evasive and much more research is needed.
David A Oakley - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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direct verbal Suggestibility measurement and significance
Consciousness and Cognition, 2021Co-Authors: David A Oakley, Eamonn Walsh, Peter W Halligan, Mitul A Mehta, Quinton DeeleyAbstract:Hypnotic Suggestibility is part of the wider psychological trait of direct verbal Suggestibility (DVS). Historically, DVS in hypnosis has informed theories of consciousness and of conversion disorder. More recently it has served as a research tool in cognitive science and in cognitive neuroscience in particular. Here we consider DVS as a general trait, its relation to other psychological characteristics and abilities, and to the origin and treatment of clinical conditions. We then outline the distribution of DVS in the population, its measurement, relationship to other forms of Suggestibility, placebo responsiveness, personal characteristics, gender, neurological processes and other factors, such as expectancy. There is currently no scale specifically designed to measure DVS outside a hypnotic context. The most commonly used and well-researched of the hypnosis-based scales, the Harvard Group Scale, is described and identified as a basis for a more broadly based measure of DVS for use in psychological research.
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united kingdom norms for the harvard group scale of hypnotic susceptibility form a
International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 2020Co-Authors: David A Oakley, Eamonn Walsh, Ann Mari Lillelokken, Peter W Halligan, Mitul A Mehta, Quinton DeeleyAbstract:ABSTRACTThe Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility, Form A (HGSHS:A), is widely used as a measure of Suggestibility to screen participants for research purposes. To date, there have been a ...
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are you suggesting that s my hand the relation between hypnotic Suggestibility and the rubber hand illusion
Perception, 2015Co-Authors: David A Oakley, Eamonn Walsh, Peter W Halligan, Mitul A Mehta, D N Guilmette, Matthew R Longo, James W Moore, Quinton DeeleyAbstract:Hypnotic Suggestibility (HS) is the ability to respond automatically to suggestions and to experience alterations in perception and behavior. Hypnotically suggestible participants are also better able to focus and sustain their attention on an experimental stimulus. The present study explores the relation between HS and susceptibility to the rubber hand illusion (RHI). Based on previous research with visual illusions, it was predicted that higher HS would lead to a stronger RHI. Two behavioral output measures of the RHI, an implicit (proprioceptive drift) and an explicit (RHI questionnaire) measure, were correlated against HS scores. Hypnotic Suggestibility correlated positively with the implicit RHI measure contributing to 30% of the variation. However, there was no relation between HS and the explicit RHI questionnaire measure, or with compliance control items. High hypnotic Suggestibility may facilitate, via attentional mechanisms, the multisensory integration of visuoproprioceptive inputs that leads to greater perceptual mislocalization of a participant’s hand. These results may provide insight into the multisensory brain mechanisms involved in our sense of embodiment.
Gisli H Gudjonsson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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age and memory related changes in children s immediate and delayed Suggestibility using the gudjonsson Suggestibility scale
Personality and Individual Differences, 2016Co-Authors: Gisli H Gudjonsson, Monia Vagni, Tiziana Maiorano, Daniela PajardiAbstract:Abstract The main aim of this study was to investigate age, gender and memory effects on ‘immediate’ and ‘delayed’ Suggestibility among children, and the relationship between immediate and delayed Suggestibility. The participants were 1183 children aged between 7 and 16 years, who had been divided into three age band groups (7–9, 10–12, and 13–16 years). All children completed the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale (GSS 2) and a non-verbal IQ test. Delayed Suggestibility was measured after a one week delay. There were significant memory and Suggestibility effects across the three age groups. Girls had significantly higher immediate and delayed memory scores than boys, but did not differ on Suggestibility. Suggestibility predicted age after controlling for immediate recall, indicating significant incremental effects. Immediate and delayed Suggestibility were significantly correlated in the two older age groups, but the effect sizes were small. The results suggest that immediate and delayed Suggestibility are poorly correlated, and the effects of age and immediate recall are largely confined to immediate Suggestibility, indicating that immediate and delayed Suggestibility are underpinned by different processes. What they have in common is poor source monitoring (discrepancy detection), but differ in terms of how the interviewee processes the flawed source monitoring over time.
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immediate and delayed Suggestibility among suspected child victims of sexual abuse
Personality and Individual Differences, 2015Co-Authors: Monia Vagni, Gisli H Gudjonsson, Tiziana Maiorano, Daniela PajardiAbstract:Abstract Children suspected of being victims of sexual abuse are often interviewed by police, but little is known about the effects of sexual abuse on their Suggestibility. The aim of this paper was to investigate differences in ‘immediate’ and ‘delayed’ Suggestibility between children being investigated as suspected victims of sexual abuse and other children and to compare the Suggestibility scores of children allegedly abused by a family member versus a person from outside the family. The participants were 180 children aged between 7 and 16 years, who had been subdivided into ‘victim’ and ‘control’ groups; each group being comprised of 90 children and matched for IQ. All children completed the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale (GSS 2) and a non-verbal IQ test. The children in the victim group scores significantly higher on Shift and Yield 2 than the control group, after controlling for memory capacity. Children abused by a family member coped significantly worse with interrogative pressure (high Shift) than those abused by a non-family member. Immediate Suggestibility showed much stronger effects than delayed Suggestibility. The findings suggest that sexually abused children are very vulnerable during questioning where there is interrogative pressure and those abused by a family member are even more vulnerable.
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Suggestibility and fetal alcohol spectrum disorders i ll tell you anything you want to hear
The Journal of psychiatry & law, 2011Co-Authors: Natalie Novick Brown, Gisli H Gudjonsson, Paul D ConnorAbstract:This article reviews the role of Suggestibility as a psychological vulnerability in people with FASD who are arrested and questioned by police. After a review of relevant literature on Suggestibility and FASD, preliminary data are presented from a small pilot study on Suggestibility involving defendants with FASD in the United States who were involved in either a pre-trial or post-conviction adjudication process. Results of that study suggest that persons with FASD may be highly suggestible in interrogative situations, which appears to stem from a combination of neurologically based tendencies to acquiesce to leading questions and change responses to questions as a function of negative feedback. Interrogative Suggestibility found in the FASD population, which is likely due to central nervous system dysfunction, has broad forensic implications.
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personality and deception are Suggestibility compliance and acquiescence related to socially desirable responding
Personality and Individual Differences, 2011Co-Authors: Gisli H Gudjonsson, Susan YoungAbstract:Abstract The concepts and measurement of Suggestibility, compliance and acquiescence are important to the forensic assessment of victims, witnesses and suspects in relation to the ‘reliability of testimony’. In this paper the relationship of these three measures to socially desirable responding is investigated. 102 participants completed the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI), the Gudjonsson Suggestibility (GSS 2) and Compliance (GCS) Scales, a test of acquiescence, and a measure of ‘impression management’ (IM) and ‘self deception enhancement’ (SDE) using the Paulhus Deception Scales. As predicted, neither IM nor SDE correlated significantly with Suggestibility, compliance, acquiescence, or IQ. Factor analysis showed that the two deception measures loaded on a separate factor to the other measures. A significant relationship was found between compliance and acquiescence, but multiple regression analysis showed that this was largely mediated by IQ. The findings show that neither GSS 2 nor the GCS are significantly related to socially desirable responding, either in terms of ‘impression management’ or ‘self deception enhancement’.
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Does confabulation in memory predict Suggestibility beyond IQ and memory
Personality and Individual Differences, 2010Co-Authors: Gisli H Gudjonsson, Susan YoungAbstract:There is evidence that confabulation in memory is negatively associated with IQ and memory and positively with interrogative Suggestibility. In this paper, we investigate whether confabulation provides a unique variance as a predictor of Suggestibility beyond IQ and memory. The participants were 102 males and females, who completed the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI) and the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale (GSS 2). Confabulation in Immediate and Delayed Recall, as measured by the GSS 2, correlated negatively with memory and positively with Suggestibility. Multiple regressions showed that after controlling for age, gender, IQ and memory, confabulation added a unique variance as a predictor of Total Suggestibility both with regard to Immediate and Delayed Recall. The findings suggest that confabulation may relate to personality factors in addition to cognitive variables.
Quinton Deeley - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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direct verbal Suggestibility measurement and significance
Consciousness and Cognition, 2021Co-Authors: David A Oakley, Eamonn Walsh, Peter W Halligan, Mitul A Mehta, Quinton DeeleyAbstract:Hypnotic Suggestibility is part of the wider psychological trait of direct verbal Suggestibility (DVS). Historically, DVS in hypnosis has informed theories of consciousness and of conversion disorder. More recently it has served as a research tool in cognitive science and in cognitive neuroscience in particular. Here we consider DVS as a general trait, its relation to other psychological characteristics and abilities, and to the origin and treatment of clinical conditions. We then outline the distribution of DVS in the population, its measurement, relationship to other forms of Suggestibility, placebo responsiveness, personal characteristics, gender, neurological processes and other factors, such as expectancy. There is currently no scale specifically designed to measure DVS outside a hypnotic context. The most commonly used and well-researched of the hypnosis-based scales, the Harvard Group Scale, is described and identified as a basis for a more broadly based measure of DVS for use in psychological research.
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united kingdom norms for the harvard group scale of hypnotic susceptibility form a
International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 2020Co-Authors: David A Oakley, Eamonn Walsh, Ann Mari Lillelokken, Peter W Halligan, Mitul A Mehta, Quinton DeeleyAbstract:ABSTRACTThe Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility, Form A (HGSHS:A), is widely used as a measure of Suggestibility to screen participants for research purposes. To date, there have been a ...
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are you suggesting that s my hand the relation between hypnotic Suggestibility and the rubber hand illusion
Perception, 2015Co-Authors: David A Oakley, Eamonn Walsh, Peter W Halligan, Mitul A Mehta, D N Guilmette, Matthew R Longo, James W Moore, Quinton DeeleyAbstract:Hypnotic Suggestibility (HS) is the ability to respond automatically to suggestions and to experience alterations in perception and behavior. Hypnotically suggestible participants are also better able to focus and sustain their attention on an experimental stimulus. The present study explores the relation between HS and susceptibility to the rubber hand illusion (RHI). Based on previous research with visual illusions, it was predicted that higher HS would lead to a stronger RHI. Two behavioral output measures of the RHI, an implicit (proprioceptive drift) and an explicit (RHI questionnaire) measure, were correlated against HS scores. Hypnotic Suggestibility correlated positively with the implicit RHI measure contributing to 30% of the variation. However, there was no relation between HS and the explicit RHI questionnaire measure, or with compliance control items. High hypnotic Suggestibility may facilitate, via attentional mechanisms, the multisensory integration of visuoproprioceptive inputs that leads to greater perceptual mislocalization of a participant’s hand. These results may provide insight into the multisensory brain mechanisms involved in our sense of embodiment.
