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Martin F Yanofsky - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the arabidopsis agl8 mads box gene is expressed in inflorescence meristems and is negatively regulated by apetala1
The Plant Cell, 1995Co-Authors: M A Mandel, Martin F YanofskyAbstract:MADS box genes encode putative transcription factors that play important roles in plant and animal development. In plants, MADS box genes are involved in the early step of specifying floral meristem identity as well as the later step of determining the fate of floral organ Primordia. Here, we describe the isolation and characterization of a new MADS box gene from Arabidopsis, designated AGL8. Although AGL8 RNA does not accumulate during vegetative growth, it accumulates to high levels in the inflorescence apical meristem as well as in the inflorescence stem and cauline leaves. AGL8 RNA is excluded from the young Flower Primordia that arise on the flanks of the inflorescence meristem but later accumulates in the walls of the developing carpels. The lack of AGL8 RNA in floral meristems is due in part to the action of another MADS box gene, APETALA1, because AGL8 RNA does accumulate in apetala1 mutant Flower Primordia.
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early Flowering and reduced apical dominance result from ectopic expression of a rice mads box gene
Plant Molecular Biology, 1994Co-Authors: Yongyoon Chung, David Finkel, Martin F Yanofsky, Gynheung AnAbstract:Recent studies with dicot plants reveal that floral organ development is controlled by a group of regulatory factors containing the MADS domain. In this study, we have isolated and characterized a cDNA clone from rice, OsMADS1, which encodes a MADS-domain-containing protein. The OsMADS1 amino acid sequence shows 56.2% identity to AGL2 and 44,4% identity to AP1. The MADS box region was the most homologous to other MADS-domain-containing proteins. Northern blot analysis indicated that the rice MADS gene was preferentially expressed in floral organs. In situ localization studies showed that the transcript was uniformly present in young Flower Primordia and later became localized in palea, lemma, and ovary. Ectopic expression of OsMADS1 with the CaMV 35S promoter in transgenic tobacco plants dramatically alters development, resulting in short, bushy, early-Flowering plants with reduced apical dominance. These results suggest that the OsMADS1 gene is involved in Flower induction and that it may be used for genetic manipulation of certain plant species.
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leafy controls floral meristem identity in arabidopsis
Cell, 1992Co-Authors: Detlef Weigel, John Paul Alvarez, Martin F Yanofsky, David Smyth, Elliot M MeyerowitzAbstract:The first step in Flower development is the generation of a floral meristem by the inflorescence meristem. We have analyzed how this process is affected by mutant alleles of the Arabidopsis gene LEAFY. We show that LEAFY interacts with another floral control gene, APETALA1, to promote the transition from inflorescence to floral meristem. We have cloned the LEAFY gene, and, consistent with the mutant phenotype, we find that LEAFY RNA is expressed strongly in young Flower Primordia. LEAFY expression precedes expression of the homeotic genes AGAMOUS and APETALA3, which specify organ identity within the Flower. Furthermore, we demonstrate that LEAFY is the Arabidopsis homolog of the FLORICAULA gene, which controls floral meristem identity in the distantly related species Antirrhinum majus.
Keiko U. Torii - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Regulation of floral patterning and organ identity by Arabidopsis ERECTA-family receptor kinase genes
2016Co-Authors: Shannon M. Bemis, Jin Suk Lee, Elena D. Shpak, Keiko U. ToriiAbstract:Due to the lack of cell migration, plant organogenesis relies on coordinated cell proliferation, cell growth, and dif-ferentiation. A Flower possesses a complex structure, with sepals and petals constituting the perianth, and stamens and pistils where male and female gametophytes differentiate. While advances have been made in our understanding of gene regulatory networks controlling Flower development, relatively little is known of how cell–cell coordination influences floral organ specification. The Arabidopsis ERECTA (ER)-family receptor kinases, ER, ER-LIKE1 (ERL1), and ERL2, regulate inflorescence architecture, organ shape, and epidermal stomatal patterning. Here it is reported that ER-family genes together regulate floral meristem organization and floral organ identity. The stem cell marker CLAVATA3 exhibits misplaced expression in the floral meristems of the er erl1 erl2 mutant. Strikingly, homeotic con-version of sepals to carpels was observed in er erl1 erl2 Flowers. Consistently, ectopic expression of AGAMOUS, which determines carpel identity, was detected in er erl1 erl2 Flower Primordia. Among the known downstream com-ponents of ER-family receptor kinases in stomatal patterning, YODA (YDA) is also required for proper floral pattern-ing. YDA and the ER-family show complex, synergistic genetic interactions: er erl1 erl2 yda quadruple mutant plants become extremely small, callus-like masses. While a constitutively active YDA fully rescues stomatal clustering in er erl1 erl2, it only partially rescues er erl1 erl2 Flower defects. The study suggests that ER-family signalling is crucial fo
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Regulation of floral patterning and organ identity by Arabidopsis ERECTA-family receptor kinase genes
2016Co-Authors: Shannon M. Bemis, Jin Suk Lee, Elena D. Shpak, Keiko U. ToriiAbstract:Due to the lack of cell migration, plant organogenesis relies on coordinated cell proliferation, cell growth, and dif-ferentiation. A Flower possesses a complex structure, with sepals and petals constituting the perianth, and stamens and pistils where male and female gametophytes differentiate. While advances have been made in our understanding of gene regulatory networks controlling Flower development, relatively little is known of how cell–cell coordination influences floral organ specification. The Arabidopsis ERECTA (ER)-family receptor kinases, ER, ER-LIKE1 (ERL1), and ERL2, regulate inflorescence architecture, organ shape, and epidermal stomatal patterning. Here it is reported that ER-family genes together regulate floral meristem organization and floral organ identity. The stem cell marker CLAVATA3 exhibits misplaced expression in the floral meristems of the er erl1 erl2 mutant. Strikingly, homeotic con-version of sepals to carpels was observed in er erl1 erl2 Flowers. Consistently, ectopic expression of AGAMOUS, which determines carpel identity, was detected in er erl1 erl2 Flower Primordia. Among the known downstream com-ponents of ER-family receptor kinases in stomatal patterning, YODA (YDA) is also required for proper floral pattern-ing. YDA and the ER-family show complex, synergistic genetic interactions: er erl1 erl2 yda quadruple mutant plants become extremely small, callus-like masses. While a constitutively active YDA fully rescues stomatal clustering in e
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regulation of floral patterning and organ identity by arabidopsis erecta family receptor kinase genes
Journal of Experimental Botany, 2013Co-Authors: Shannon M. Bemis, Jin Suk Lee, Elena D. Shpak, Keiko U. ToriiAbstract:Due to the lack of cell migration, plant organogenesis relies on coordinated cell proliferation, cell growth, and differentiation. A Flower possesses a complex structure, with sepals and petals constituting the perianth, and stamens and pistils where male and female gametophytes differentiate. While advances have been made in our understanding of gene regulatory networks controlling Flower development, relatively little is known of how cell-cell coordination influences floral organ specification. The Arabidopsis ERECTA (ER)-family receptor kinases, ER, ER-LIKE1 (ERL1), and ERL2, regulate inflorescence architecture, organ shape, and epidermal stomatal patterning. Here it is reported that ER-family genes together regulate floral meristem organization and floral organ identity. The stem cell marker CLAVATA3 exhibits misplaced expression in the floral meristems of the er erl1 erl2 mutant. Strikingly, homeotic conversion of sepals to carpels was observed in er erl1 erl2 Flowers. Consistently, ectopic expression of AGAMOUS, which determines carpel identity, was detected in er erl1 erl2 Flower Primordia. Among the known downstream components of ER-family receptor kinases in stomatal patterning, YODA (YDA) is also required for proper floral patterning. YDA and the ER-family show complex, synergistic genetic interactions: er erl1 erl2 yda quadruple mutant plants become extremely small, callus-like masses. While a constitutively active YDA fully rescues stomatal clustering in er erl1 erl2, it only partially rescues er erl1 erl2 Flower defects. The study suggests that ER-family signalling is crucial for ensuring proper expression domains of floral meristem and floral organ identity determinants, and further implies the existence of a non-canonical downstream pathway.
Elena D. Shpak - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Regulation of floral patterning and organ identity by Arabidopsis ERECTA-family receptor kinase genes
2016Co-Authors: Shannon M. Bemis, Jin Suk Lee, Elena D. Shpak, Keiko U. ToriiAbstract:Due to the lack of cell migration, plant organogenesis relies on coordinated cell proliferation, cell growth, and dif-ferentiation. A Flower possesses a complex structure, with sepals and petals constituting the perianth, and stamens and pistils where male and female gametophytes differentiate. While advances have been made in our understanding of gene regulatory networks controlling Flower development, relatively little is known of how cell–cell coordination influences floral organ specification. The Arabidopsis ERECTA (ER)-family receptor kinases, ER, ER-LIKE1 (ERL1), and ERL2, regulate inflorescence architecture, organ shape, and epidermal stomatal patterning. Here it is reported that ER-family genes together regulate floral meristem organization and floral organ identity. The stem cell marker CLAVATA3 exhibits misplaced expression in the floral meristems of the er erl1 erl2 mutant. Strikingly, homeotic con-version of sepals to carpels was observed in er erl1 erl2 Flowers. Consistently, ectopic expression of AGAMOUS, which determines carpel identity, was detected in er erl1 erl2 Flower Primordia. Among the known downstream com-ponents of ER-family receptor kinases in stomatal patterning, YODA (YDA) is also required for proper floral pattern-ing. YDA and the ER-family show complex, synergistic genetic interactions: er erl1 erl2 yda quadruple mutant plants become extremely small, callus-like masses. While a constitutively active YDA fully rescues stomatal clustering in er erl1 erl2, it only partially rescues er erl1 erl2 Flower defects. The study suggests that ER-family signalling is crucial fo
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Regulation of floral patterning and organ identity by Arabidopsis ERECTA-family receptor kinase genes
2016Co-Authors: Shannon M. Bemis, Jin Suk Lee, Elena D. Shpak, Keiko U. ToriiAbstract:Due to the lack of cell migration, plant organogenesis relies on coordinated cell proliferation, cell growth, and dif-ferentiation. A Flower possesses a complex structure, with sepals and petals constituting the perianth, and stamens and pistils where male and female gametophytes differentiate. While advances have been made in our understanding of gene regulatory networks controlling Flower development, relatively little is known of how cell–cell coordination influences floral organ specification. The Arabidopsis ERECTA (ER)-family receptor kinases, ER, ER-LIKE1 (ERL1), and ERL2, regulate inflorescence architecture, organ shape, and epidermal stomatal patterning. Here it is reported that ER-family genes together regulate floral meristem organization and floral organ identity. The stem cell marker CLAVATA3 exhibits misplaced expression in the floral meristems of the er erl1 erl2 mutant. Strikingly, homeotic con-version of sepals to carpels was observed in er erl1 erl2 Flowers. Consistently, ectopic expression of AGAMOUS, which determines carpel identity, was detected in er erl1 erl2 Flower Primordia. Among the known downstream com-ponents of ER-family receptor kinases in stomatal patterning, YODA (YDA) is also required for proper floral pattern-ing. YDA and the ER-family show complex, synergistic genetic interactions: er erl1 erl2 yda quadruple mutant plants become extremely small, callus-like masses. While a constitutively active YDA fully rescues stomatal clustering in e
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regulation of floral patterning and organ identity by arabidopsis erecta family receptor kinase genes
Journal of Experimental Botany, 2013Co-Authors: Shannon M. Bemis, Jin Suk Lee, Elena D. Shpak, Keiko U. ToriiAbstract:Due to the lack of cell migration, plant organogenesis relies on coordinated cell proliferation, cell growth, and differentiation. A Flower possesses a complex structure, with sepals and petals constituting the perianth, and stamens and pistils where male and female gametophytes differentiate. While advances have been made in our understanding of gene regulatory networks controlling Flower development, relatively little is known of how cell-cell coordination influences floral organ specification. The Arabidopsis ERECTA (ER)-family receptor kinases, ER, ER-LIKE1 (ERL1), and ERL2, regulate inflorescence architecture, organ shape, and epidermal stomatal patterning. Here it is reported that ER-family genes together regulate floral meristem organization and floral organ identity. The stem cell marker CLAVATA3 exhibits misplaced expression in the floral meristems of the er erl1 erl2 mutant. Strikingly, homeotic conversion of sepals to carpels was observed in er erl1 erl2 Flowers. Consistently, ectopic expression of AGAMOUS, which determines carpel identity, was detected in er erl1 erl2 Flower Primordia. Among the known downstream components of ER-family receptor kinases in stomatal patterning, YODA (YDA) is also required for proper floral patterning. YDA and the ER-family show complex, synergistic genetic interactions: er erl1 erl2 yda quadruple mutant plants become extremely small, callus-like masses. While a constitutively active YDA fully rescues stomatal clustering in er erl1 erl2, it only partially rescues er erl1 erl2 Flower defects. The study suggests that ER-family signalling is crucial for ensuring proper expression domains of floral meristem and floral organ identity determinants, and further implies the existence of a non-canonical downstream pathway.
Elliot M Meyerowitz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Regulation of Meristem Morphogenesis by Cell Wall Synthases in Arabidopsis
Current Biology - CB, 2016Co-Authors: Weibing Yang, Christoph Schuster, Cherie T. Beahan, Varodom Charoensawan, Alexis Peaucelle, Antony Bacic, Monika S. Doblin, Raymond Wightman, Elliot M MeyerowitzAbstract:The cell walls of the shoot apical meristem (SAM), containing the stem cell niche that gives rise to the above-ground tissues, are crucially involved in regulating differentiation. It is currently unknown how these walls are built and refined or their role, if any, in influencing meristem developmental dynamics. We have combined polysaccharide linkage analysis, immuno-labeling, and transcriptome profiling of the SAM to provide a spatiotemporal plan of the walls of this dynamic structure. We find that meristematic cells express only a core subset of 152 genes encoding cell wall glycosyltransferases (GTs). Systemic localization of all these GT mRNAs by in situ hybridization reveals members with either enrichment in or specificity to apical subdomains such as emerging Flower Primordia, and a large class with high expression in dividing cells. The highly localized and coordinated expression of GTs in the SAM suggests distinct wall properties of meristematic cells and specific differences between newly forming walls and their mature descendants. Functional analysis demonstrates that a subset of CSLD genes is essential for proper meristem maintenance, confirming the key role of walls in developmental pathways.
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Patterns of Auxin Transport and Gene Expression during Primordium Development Revealed by Live Imaging of the Arabidopsis Inflorescence Meristem
Current biology : CB, 2005Co-Authors: Marcus G. Heisler, Carolyn Ohno, Pradeep Das, Patrick Sieber, Gonehal V. Reddy, Jeff A. Long, Elliot M MeyerowitzAbstract:Background: Plants produce leaf and Flower Primordia from a specialized tissue called the shoot apical meristem (SAM). Genetic studies have identified a large number of genes that affect various aspects of primordium development including positioning, growth, and differentiation. So far, however, a detailed understanding of the spatio-temporal sequence of events leading to primordium development has not been established. Results: We use confocal imaging of green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter genes in living plants to monitor the expression patterns of multiple proteins and genes involved in Flower Primordial developmental processes. By monitoring the expression and polarity of PINFORMED1 (PIN1), the auxin efflux facilitator, and the expression of the auxin-responsive reporter DR5, we reveal stereotypical PIN1 polarity changes which, together with auxin induction experiments, suggest that cycles of auxin build-up and depletion accompany, and may direct, different stages of primordium development. Imaging of multiple GFP-protein fusions shows that these dynamics also correlate with the specification of Primordial boundary domains, organ polarity axes, and the sites of floral meristem initiation. Conclusions: These results provide new insight into auxin transport dynamics during Primordial positioning and suggest a role for auxin transport in influencing Primordial cell type.
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leafy controls floral meristem identity in arabidopsis
Cell, 1992Co-Authors: Detlef Weigel, John Paul Alvarez, Martin F Yanofsky, David Smyth, Elliot M MeyerowitzAbstract:The first step in Flower development is the generation of a floral meristem by the inflorescence meristem. We have analyzed how this process is affected by mutant alleles of the Arabidopsis gene LEAFY. We show that LEAFY interacts with another floral control gene, APETALA1, to promote the transition from inflorescence to floral meristem. We have cloned the LEAFY gene, and, consistent with the mutant phenotype, we find that LEAFY RNA is expressed strongly in young Flower Primordia. LEAFY expression precedes expression of the homeotic genes AGAMOUS and APETALA3, which specify organ identity within the Flower. Furthermore, we demonstrate that LEAFY is the Arabidopsis homolog of the FLORICAULA gene, which controls floral meristem identity in the distantly related species Antirrhinum majus.
Paula Elomaa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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evolution and diversification of the cyc tb1 gene family in asteraceae a comparative study in gerbera mutisieae and sunFlower heliantheae
Molecular Biology and Evolution, 2012Co-Authors: Sari Tahtiharju, Anneke S Rijpkema, Teemu H Teeri, Adrien Vetterli, Victor A. Albert, Paula ElomaaAbstract:Plant-specific TCP domain transcription factors have been shown to regulate morphological novelties during plant evolution, including the complex architecture of the Asteraceae inflorescence that involves different types of Flowers. We conducted comparative analysis of the CYCLOIDEA/TEOSINTE BRANCHED1 (CYC/TB1) gene family in Gerbera hybrida (gerbera) and Helianthus annuus (sunFlower), two species that represent distant tribes within Asteraceae. Our data confirm that the CYC/TB1 gene family has expanded in Asteraceae, a condition that appears to be connected with the increased developmental complexity and evolutionary success of this large plant family. Phylogenetic analysis of the CYC/TB1 gene family revealed both shared and lineage-specific duplications in gerbera and sunFlower, corresponding to the three gene lineages previously identified as specific to core eudicots: CYC1, CYC2, and CYC3. Expression analyses of early stages of Flower Primordia development indicated that especially within the CYC2 clade, with the greatest number of secondary gene duplications, gene expression patterns are conserved between the species and associated with Flower and inflorescence development. All sunFlower and gerbera CYC2 clade genes showed differential expression between developing Flower types, being upregulated in marginal ray (and trans) Flowers. One gene in gerbera (GhCYC3) and two in sunFlower (HaCYC2d and HaCYC2c) were indicated to be strong candidates as regulators of ray Flower identity, a function that is specific for Asteraceae. Our data further showed that other CYC2 clade genes are likely to have more specialized functions at the level of single Flowers, including the late functions in floral reproductive organs that may be more conserved across plant families. The expression patterns of CYC1 and CYC3 clade genes showed more differences between the two species but still pointed to possible conserved functions during vegetative plant development. Pairwise protein– protein interaction assays gave the first molecular evidence that CYC/TB1-like proteins function in complexes. Compared with sunFlower, the gerbera proteins showed higher capacity for dimerization, between as well as within CYC clades. Our data from two distant species within the Asteraceae suggest that the expansion and the apparent conservation of especially the CYC2 clade CYC/TB1-like genes are associated with the evolution of the increased complexity of the Asteraceae inflorescence architecture.
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patterns of mads box gene expression mark Flower type development in gerbera hybrida asteraceae
BMC Plant Biology, 2006Co-Authors: Roosa A E Laitinen, Suvi K Broholm, Teemu H Teeri, Victor A. Albert, Paula ElomaaAbstract:Background The inflorescence of the cut-Flower crop Gerbera hybrida (Asteraceae) consists of two principal Flower types, ray and disc, which form a tightly packed head, or capitulum. Despite great interest in plant morphological evolution and the tractability of the gerbera system, very little is known regarding genetic mechanisms involved in Flower type specification. Here, we provide comparative staging of ray and disc Flower development and microarray screening for differentially expressed genes, accomplished via microdissection of hundreds of coordinately developing Flower Primordia.