The Experts below are selected from a list of 39024 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Elizabeth J Z Robinson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a review of the spatial economics of non timber Forest Product extraction implications for policy
Ecological Economics, 2013Co-Authors: Heidi J Albers, Elizabeth J Z RobinsonAbstract:Patterns of Forest cover and Forest degradation determine the size and types of ecosystem services Forests provide. Particularly in low-income countries, nontimber Forest Product (NTFP) extraction by rural people, which provides important resources and income to the rural poor, contributes to the level and pattern of Forest degradation. Although recent policy, particularly in Africa, emphasizes Forest degradation, relatively little research describes the spatial aspects of NTFP collection that lead to spatial degradation patterns. This paper reviews both the spatial empirical work on NTFP extraction and related Forest degradation patterns, and spatial models of behavior of rural people who extract NTFPs from Forest. Despite the impact of rural people's behavior on resulting quantities and patterns of Forest resources, spatial–temporal models/patterns rarely inform park siting and sizing decisions, econometric assessments of park effectiveness, development projects to support conservation, or REDD protocols. Using the literature review as a lens, we discuss the models' implications for these policies with particular emphasis on effective conservation spending and leakage.
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the influence of markets and policy on spatial patterns of non timber Forest Product extraction
Land Economics, 2002Co-Authors: Elizabeth J Z Robinson, Jeffrey C Williams, Heidi J AlbersAbstract:When villagers extract resources, such as fuelwood, fodder, or medicinal plants from Forests, their decisions over where and how much to extract are influenced by market conditions, their particular opportunity costs of time, minimum consumption needs, and access to markets. This paper develops an optimization model of villagers’ extraction behavior that clarifies how, and under what conditions, policies that create incentives such as improved returns to extraction in a buffer zone might be used instead of adversarial enforcement efforts to protect a Forest’s pristine ‘‘inner core.’’
Jianchu Xu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Mapping non-wood Forest Product (matsutake mushrooms) using logistic regression and a GIS expert system
Ecological Modelling, 2006Co-Authors: Xuefei Yang, David R. Melick, Andrew K. Skidmore, Zhekun Zhou, Jianchu XuAbstract:Matsutake (Tricholoma spp.) are a group of commercially important mushrooms that are increasingly threatened by over-collection. Ecologically sustainable management of matsutake has been hindered by the lack of essential information such as reliable distribution maps. Although a variety of spatial distribution models have been applied to map many different plants, this has rarely been attempted for mushrooms. In this study, we employed a logistic regression and a GIS expert system to model the fine-scale spatial distribution of matsutake in Yunnan, southwest China. Both models predicted mushroom habitat to an accuracy acceptable for resource management. The overall mapping accuracy of the GIS expert system was slightly better than the logistic regression model (70.37% versus 65.43%). Furthermore, unlike the logistic regression model, developing the GIS expert system required no field-based samples. This has important practical implications because it is very difficult to survey and sample mushrooms and other non-wood Forest Products (NWFP), which are usually inconspicuous species and/or lower plants. Therefore, when adequate samples are not available, incorporating local expert knowledge can help make better-informed management decisions and provide an affordable habitat identification tool. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Xuefei Yang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Mapping non-wood Forest Product (matsutake mushrooms) using logistic regression and a GIS expert system
Ecological Modelling, 2006Co-Authors: Xuefei Yang, David R. Melick, Andrew K. Skidmore, Zhekun Zhou, Jianchu XuAbstract:Matsutake (Tricholoma spp.) are a group of commercially important mushrooms that are increasingly threatened by over-collection. Ecologically sustainable management of matsutake has been hindered by the lack of essential information such as reliable distribution maps. Although a variety of spatial distribution models have been applied to map many different plants, this has rarely been attempted for mushrooms. In this study, we employed a logistic regression and a GIS expert system to model the fine-scale spatial distribution of matsutake in Yunnan, southwest China. Both models predicted mushroom habitat to an accuracy acceptable for resource management. The overall mapping accuracy of the GIS expert system was slightly better than the logistic regression model (70.37% versus 65.43%). Furthermore, unlike the logistic regression model, developing the GIS expert system required no field-based samples. This has important practical implications because it is very difficult to survey and sample mushrooms and other non-wood Forest Products (NWFP), which are usually inconspicuous species and/or lower plants. Therefore, when adequate samples are not available, incorporating local expert knowledge can help make better-informed management decisions and provide an affordable habitat identification tool. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
V J Ingram - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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governing access to resources and markets in non timber Forest Product chains
Forests trees and livelihoods, 2014Co-Authors: K F Wiersum, V J Ingram, Mirjam A F RostonenAbstract:Non-timber Forest Product (NTFP) governance is a recent concept denoting the process of rule and decision-making concerning Production and marketing. This paper reviews the multiple dimensions of and recent trends in NTFP governance. It emphasises that NTFP governance is more than rule-making and includes a broader societal process based on social practices, values and principles. This process is characterised by the coexistence of formal and informal institutions based on plural statutory, customary and market norms; the combination of Forestry and agrarian regimes; multilevel and multi-actor involvement in many – but usually not all – of these arrangements; and largely separate institutions that govern access to resources and markets. NTFP governance is characterised by an increasingly complex and dynamic hybrid of institutional arrangements, norms and collective social practices and by cross-scale dynamics in space and over time.
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gender implications of Forest Product value chains in the congo basin
Forests trees and livelihoods, 2014Co-Authors: V J Ingram, Ousseynou Ndoye, Jolien Schure, Julius Chupezi Tieguhong, A Awono, Donald Midoko IpongaAbstract:Activities and roles in value chains of Forest Products in the Congo Basin are highly gendered, varying with the Product's characteristics, the segment of the chain and customary regulations and norms. High-value Products are primarily male-harvested when customary rules govern tenure and access, enabling men to exert control. Whilst non-timber Forest Products (NTFPs) are important cash sources for both sexes, women tend to use more of their harvest for domestic consumption, while men sell a greater proportion. Interventions by research and development organisations, NGOs and projects have positively influenced women's incomes in some NTFP chains. Suggestions include supporting women's domesticating and cultivating NTFPs currently pressured by over-harvesting; recognising the informal, often invisible nature of value chains; addressing unfavourable customary norms restricting the possession of valuable species by women; revising bureaucratic trade regulations; improving value-adding opportunities and supporting collective action to access credit and increasing bargaining power
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timber and non timber Forest Product extraction and management in the tropics towards compatibility
Non-timber forest products in the global context, 2011Co-Authors: Manuel R Guariguata, Carmen Garciafernandez, Robert Nasi, Douglas Sheil, Cristina Herrerojauregui, Peter Cronkleton, Ousseynou Ndoye, V J IngramAbstract:Tropical Forests have the potential to satisfy multiple demands for goods and services. Yet integrated management approaches across multiple goods remain elusive. Here we consider selective harvesting of timber and non-timber Forest Product (NTFP) extraction. We analyze the current status of this combination and speculate on prospects and challenges regarding (1) resource inventory, (2) ecology and silviculture, (3) conflict in the use of multipurpose tree species, (4) wildlife conservation and use, (5) tenure, and (6) Product certification. Convincing conclusions are hampered by the relative paucity of comprehensive studies and lessons learned on what has worked and what has not in the context of integrated management for timber and NTFPs. Interventions for enhancing the compatibility of timber and NTFP extraction must be scaled in relation to the size of the area being managed, applied timber harvesting intensities, and the dynamics of multiactor, Forest partnerships (e.g., between the private sector and local communities). In addition, training and education issues may have to be recrafted with multiple-use management approaches inserted into tropical Forestry curricula.
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compatibility of timber and non timber Forest Product management in natural tropical Forests perspectives challenges and opportunities
Forest Ecology and Management, 2010Co-Authors: Manuel R Guariguata, Carmen Garciafernandez, Robert Nasi, Douglas Sheil, Cristina Herrerojauregui, Peter Cronkleton, V J IngramAbstract:Tropical Forests could satisfy multiple demands for goods and services both for present and future generations. Yet integrated approaches to natural Forest management remain elusive across the tropics. In this paper we examine one combination of uses: selective harvesting of timber and non-timber Forest Product (NTFP) extraction. We analyze the current status of this combination and speculate on prospects and challenges regarding: (i) resource inventory, (ii) ecology and silviculture, (iii) conflict in the use of multipurpose tree species, (iv) wildlife conservation and use, (v) tenure, and (vi) Product certification. Our conclusions remain preliminary due to the relative paucity of published studies and lessons learned on what has worked and what has not in the context of integrated management for timber and NTFPs. We propose at least three ways where further research is merited. One, in improving 'opportunistic' situations driven by selective timber harvesting that also enhance NTFP values. Two, to explicitly enhance both timber and NTFP values through targeted management interventions. Three, to explicitly assess biophysical, social, regulatory and institutional aspects so that combined benefits are maximized. Interventions for enhancing the compatibility of timber and NTFP extraction must be scaled in relation to the size of the area being managed, applied timber harvesting intensities, and the dynamics of multi- actor, Forest partnerships (e.g., between the private sector and local communities). In addition, training and education issues may have to be re-crafted with multiple-use management approaches inserted into tropical Forestry curricula.
Ramadhani Achdiawan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Rattan: The decline of a once-important non-timber Forest Product in Indonesia - Rattan: The decline of a once-important non-timber Forest Product in Indonesia
2014Co-Authors: E. Meijaard, Ramadhani Achdiawan, M. Wan, A. TaberAbstract:We investigated the Production and trade in rattan along the supply chain. We focused our study on Indonesia, the global leader in natural rattan Production, and more specifically, West Kutai in East Kalimantan. Our analysis of local livelihoods in 2004 and 2011 indicates that communities have abandoned rattan as their main source of income, primarily because of low rattan farm-gate prices. Our interviews and econometric analysis indicate that rattan prices are kept artificially low through price fixing within a cartel of rattan traders. Farm-gate prices are also kept low by export quotas. The result has been a substantial reduction in export volumes of Indonesian rattan Products (as opposed to unprocessed and semi-processed rattan). Other contributing factors include reduced overseas demand, the relative strength of the rupiah and the loss of Indonesia's competitive edge over other countries. Compared to its competitors, Indonesia has higher transaction costs, including taxes, tariffs, administrative costs and transportation costs. We conclude that a lack of reliable data on rattan resources and unstable policy have hampered efforts to develop sustainable management strategies and annual allowable harvest volumes. We recommend the development of a national rattan action plan, based on reliable scientific data. This would require more accurate information on rattan trade, future development in the rattan Products market, Production capacity in Forests and planted rattan gardens, and international trade, including illegal trade. Such information could guide rattan policies, specifically determining what trade legislation would have the best macro and microeconomic results for Indonesia.
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Challenging Perceptions about Men, Women, and Forest Product Use: A Global Comparative Study
World Development, 2014Co-Authors: Terry Sunderland, Ramadhani Achdiawan, Arild Angelsen, Ronnie Babigumira, Amy Ickowitz, Fiona Paumgarten, Victoria Reyes-garcía, Gerald ShivelyAbstract:SummaryThis study uses a multi-case dataset to question current assumptions about the gender differentiation of Forest Product use. We test some of the commonly held ideas on how men and women access, manage, and use different Forest Products. Overall, we found significant gender differentiation in the collection of Forest Products, which seems to support the claim that there are distinctive “male” and “female” roles associated with the collection of Forest Products. However, we also found that men play a much more important and diverse role in the contribution of Forest Products to rural livelihoods than previously reported, with strong differences across tropical Asia, Africa, and Latin America
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balancing development and conservation an assessment of livelihood and environmental outcomes of nontimber Forest Product trade in asia africa and latin america
Ecology and Society, 2006Co-Authors: Koen Kusters, Ramadhani Achdiawan, B. Belcher, Manuel Ruiz PerezAbstract:This article addresses the question, to what extent and under which conditions nontimber Forest Product (NTFP) trade leads to both livelihood improvement and Forest conservation. We based the analysis on a standardized expert-judgment assessment of the livelihood and environmental outcomes of 55 cases of NTFP trade from Asia, Africa, and Latin America. The results show that NTFP trade benefits several components of peoples' livelihoods, but may increase inequality between households. Involvement of women in the Production-to-consumption system (PCS) tends to have a positive impact on intrahousehold equity. In 80% of the cases, the commercial Production of NTFPs does not enable people to make financial investments to increase quality and quantity of Production, limiting the potential for development. In our set of cases, commercial extraction from the wild, without further management, tends to lead to resource depletion. NTFP Production systems are generally considered to have lower environmental values than natural Forest, but do contribute positively to the environmental values in the landscape. We found that higher livelihood outcomes are associated with lower environmental outcomes and conclude that NTFP trade is not likely to reconcile development and conservation of natural Forest.