The Experts below are selected from a list of 8691 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
C. Neal - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Sustainability of UK Forestry: contemporary issues for the protection of freshwaters, a conclusion
Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions, 2004Co-Authors: C. Neal, S. J. Ormerod, S. J. Langan, T. R. Nisbet, J. RobertsAbstract:This paper closes the Special Issue of Hydrology and Earth System Sciences entitled "Sustainability of UK Forestry: contemporary issues for the protection of freshwaters" by presenting conclusions from the contributions together with associated research findings. The volume deals largely with issues of upland water quality and biology in the context of environmental research and management. The studies are linked to an array of issues which affect the sustainability of UK Forestry in the context of the protection of freshwaters, freshwater ecosystems and freshwater organisms. These issues include atmospheric and climate driven factors (acidification from atmospheric pollutants, critical loads, climate-change and climate variability), Forestry Practice and hydrobiogeochemical processing both within-catchments and within-rivers. The findings lie within the context of the science and relate to environmental management. Keywords: water quality, Forestry, stream ecology, acidification, critical loads, nutrients
-
The water quality functioning of the upper River Severn, Plynlimon, mid-Wales: issues of monitoring, process understanding and Forestry
Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions, 2004Co-Authors: C. NealAbstract:An overview of hydrochemical studies of the upper River Severn catchment in the Plynlimon region of mid-Wales, as linked to twenty years of research at CEH Wallingford, is presented. The work provides a bibliography of publications to date and illustrates that the water quality changes associated with felling are often small when compared with the effects of climate variability. The felling effects are manifested most clearly at the local scale and with clear as opposed to phased felling. Phased felling over several years, which is standard Forestry Practice, provides a much reduced response. The highly heterogeneous nature of the catchment is emphasised. This complexity makes identification and modelling of the changes very difficult to describe in terms of space and time. Long-term records (forty years or more) are needed to allow assessment of the changing water quality patterns associated with climate variability, climate change, changing pollutant deposition patterns and Forestry rotation cycles. More detailed but still long-term (daily to sub-daily) records are required to examine ``fractal processes": within the fine structure is a high information content that can help unravel the dynamics of the internal workings of the catchment in a way that experiments at the plot scale cannot resolve. Keywords: nutrients, acidity, trace metals, trace elements, Plynlimon, River Severn, Forestry, fractals
Heidi L Ballard - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
sciences knowledges and the Practice of Forestry
European Journal of Forest Research, 2011Co-Authors: Louise Fortmann, Heidi L BallardAbstract:We address the question of how credible knowledge that will contribute to more effective forest policy and management can be produced. We argue that some forest-related knowledge-producing Practices of professional scientists and of local people are similar, and given the differences in the knowledge they produce, we explore how they might be used productively together to create better understandings of forests with resulting better Forestry Practice and policy. Using a case study of participatory forest ecology research, we demonstrate that when professional (conventional) scientists do research in collaboration with local experts (civil scientists), the resulting knowledge can be more accurate and more policy relevant than they could produce doing research on their own or only with other conventional scientists.
Jean Garbaye - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Forest liming durably impact the communities of ectomycorrhizas and fungal epigeous fruiting bodies
Annals of Forest Science, 2010Co-Authors: François Rineau, Jean-paul Maurice, Claude Nys, Hubert Voiry, Jean GarbayeAbstract:Liming is a Forestry Practice used to counteract forest decline in acidic soils. It consists of direct Ca and Mg input to forest soil, which restores tree mineral nutrition, but also modifies microbial communities in soil. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of liming on both belowground (ectomycorrhizal root tips) and aboveground (epigeous sporocarps) fungal communities.* Results showed that the modification of soil chemical properties (pH, and Ca-Mg contents versus total free Al and Fe concentrations) was a stronger factor of ECM community structuring than tree host. The species appearing in limed plots were ubiquist or known as good competitors and replaced acidophilic and stress species.* At the sporocarp level, tree host was a stronger factor of community structuring than soil chemical properties associated with liming. On the whole, there was a shift in the community composition from a typical acidophilic forest fungal community of medium altitude in the untreated plots to a less typical one, with the reduced dominance of acidophilic fungi while many late-stage forest species appeared.* We finally suggest a marker species (Russula ochroleuca) to assess both above and belowground effects of liming on ectomycorrhizal communities.
-
Does forest liming impact the enzymatic profiles of ectomycorrhizal communities through specialized fungal symbionts?
Mycorrhiza, 2009Co-Authors: François Rineau, Jean GarbayeAbstract:Liming (Ca–Mg soil amendment) is a Forestry Practice used to correct soil acidification and restore health and productivity in declining stands. Liming is known to modify tree mineral nutrition beyond the sole Ca and Mg. We hypothesized that liming also modifies the very functioning of the tree absorbing system (that is the ectomycorrhizal fine roots) in a way that facilitates the mobilization of mineral nutrients, particularly those entrapped in soil organic matter. This hypothesis has been tested here in beech and Norway spruce stands in North-Eastern France. In autumn, we compared the ectomycorrhizal community structure and the enzymatic profiles of ectomycorrhizal root tips in limed and untreated plots by measuring the activities of eight enzymes related to the degradation of soil organic matter. The results show that the ectomycorrhizal community responds to the Ca–Mg amendment and to the resulting soil modifications by modified enzyme activity profiles and ability to mobilize nutrients from soil organic matter. The effects of liming on the belowground functioning of the tree stands result essentially from specialized ECM fungal species such as Clavulina cristata (with strong glucuronidase activity), Lactarius subdulcis (with strong laccase activity) or Xerocomus pruinatus (with strong leucine aminopeptidase activity).
-
Effects of liming on ectomycorrhizal community structure in relation to soil horizons and tree hosts
Fungal Ecology, 2009Co-Authors: François Rineau, Jean GarbayeAbstract:Liming is a Forestry Practice used to correct tree cation deficiency induced by soil acidity. Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) community structure and functioning is closely linked to soil nutrient availability, which is strongly affected by liming. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of liming on ECM community structure depending on soil horizon and tree host. Acidophilic species occurring in untreated plots, such as Russula ochroleuca, were absent from limed plots and were replaced by more generalist morphtoypes. The abundance of ECM root tips in the untreated plots was higher in topsoil layers, whereas most of the ECM root tips in the limed plots were in the organomineral layer, whatever the tree host. Liming was the major determinant of fungal community structure, then tree host.
-
Does forest liming impact the enzymatic profiles of ectomycorrhizal communities through specialized fungal symbionts ?
Mycorrhiza, 2009Co-Authors: François Rineau, Jean GarbayeAbstract:Liming (Ca–Mg soil amendment) is a Forestry Practice used to correct soil acidification and restore health and productivity in declining stands. Liming is known to modify tree mineral nutrition beyond the sole Ca and Mg. We hypothesized that liming also modifies the very functioning of the tree absorbing system (that is the ectomycorrhizal fine roots) in a way that facilitates the mobilization of mineral nutrients, particularly those entrapped in soil organic matter. This hypothesis has been tested here in beech and Norway spruce stands in North-Eastern France. In autumn, we compared the ectomycorrhizal community structure and the enzymatic profiles of ectomycorrhizal root tips in limed and untreated plots by measuring the activities of eight enzymes related to the degradation of soil organic matter. The results show that the ectomycorrhizal community responds to the Ca–Mg amendment and to the resulting soil modifications by modified enzyme activity profiles and ability to mobilize nutrients from soil organic matter. The effects of liming on the belowground functioning of the tree stands result essentially from specialized ECM fungal species such as Clavulina cristata (with strong glucuronidase activity), Lactarius subdulcis (with strong laccase activity) or Xerocomus pruinatus (with strong leucine aminopeptidase activity).
Geoff Cockfield - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
analysing foregone costs of communities and carbon benefits in small scale community based Forestry Practice in nepal
Land Use Policy, 2017Co-Authors: Shiva Shankar Pandey, Tek Narayan Maraseni, Kathryn Reardonsmith, Geoff CockfieldAbstract:Abstract Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, conservation and sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon (REDD+) are considered to be important cost effective approaches for global climate change mitigation; therefore, such Practices are evolving as the REDD+ payment mechanism in developing countries. Using six years (2006–2012) data, this paper analyses trade-offs between carbon stock gains and the costs incurred by communities in generating additional carbon in 105 REDD+ pilot community forests in Nepal. It estimates foregone benefits for communities engaged in increasing carbon stocks in various dominant vegetation types. At recent carbon and commodity prices, communities receive on average US$ 0.47/ha/year of carbon benefits with the additional cost of US$ 67.30/ha/year. One dollar’s worth of community cost resulted 0.23 Mg of carbon sequestration. Therefore, carbon payment alone may not be an attractive incentive within small-scale community Forestry and should link with payments for ecosystem services. Moreover, the study found highest community sacrificed benefits in Shorea mixed broadleaf forests and lowest in Schima-Castanopsis forests, while carbon benefits were highest in Pine forests followed by Schima-Castanopsis forests and lowest in Rhododendron-Quercus forests. This indicates that costs and benefits may vary by vegetation type. A policy should consider payment for other environmental services, carbon gains, co-benefits and trade off while designing the REDD+ mechanism in community based forest land use Practice with equitable community outcomes. The learning from this study will help in the formulation of an appropriate REDD+ policy for community Forestry.
Mikaell Ottosson Löfvenius - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Long-term standardized forest phenology in Sweden: a climate change indicator
International Journal of Biometeorology, 2019Co-Authors: Ola Langvall, Mikaell Ottosson LöfveniusAbstract:Because climate change alters patterns of vegetative growth, long-term phenological measurements and observations can provide important data for analyzing its impact. Phenological assessments are usually made as records of calendar dates when specific phase changes occur. Such assessments have benefits and are used in Citizen Science monitoring. However, these kinds of data often have low statistical precision when describing gradual changes. Frequent monitoring of the phenological traits of forest trees and berries as they undergo gradual change is needed to acquire good temporal resolution of transitions relative to other factors, such as susceptibility to frosts, insects, and fungi, and the use of berries as a food resource. Intensive weekly monitoring of the growth of apical and branch buds and the elongation of shoots and leaves on four tree species, and the abundance of flowers and berries of bilberry and lingonberry, has been performed in Sweden since 2006. Here, we present quantitative methods for interpolating such data, which detail the gradual changes between assessments in order to describe average rates of development and amount of interannual variation. Our analysis has shown the active growth period of trees to differ with latitude. We also observed a change in the timing of the maximum numbers of ripening berries and their successive decline. Data from tree phenology assessments can be used to recommend best Forestry Practice and to model tree growth, while berry data can be used to estimate when food resources for animals are most available.