The Experts below are selected from a list of 291 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Wim H Vriezen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the role of auxin and gibberellin in tomato Fruit Set
Journal of Experimental Botany, 2009Co-Authors: Maaike De Jong, Celestina Mariani, Wim H VriezenAbstract:The initiation of tomato Fruit growth, Fruit Set, is very sensitive to environmental conditions. Therefore, an understanding of the mechanisms that regulate this process can facilitate the production of this agriculturally valuable Fruit crop. Over the years, it has been well established that tomato Fruit Set depends on successful pollination and fertilization, which trigger the Fruit developmental programme through the activation of the auxin and gibberellin signalling pathways. However, the exact role of each of these two hormones is still poorly understood, probably because only few of the signalling components involved have been identified so far. Recent research on Fruit Set induced by hormone applications has led to new insights into hormone biosynthesis and signalling. The aim of this review is to consolidate the current knowledge on the role of auxin and gibberellin in tomato Fruit Set.
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changes in tomato ovary transcriptome demonstrate complex hormonal regulation of Fruit Set
New Phytologist, 2007Co-Authors: Wim H Vriezen, Richard Feron, Fabio Maretto, Jasper Keijman, Celestina MarianiAbstract:Summary • Plant hormones are considered to be important mediators of the Fruit developmental signal after pollination. The role of phytohormones in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) Fruit Set was investigated here. • Transcriptome analysis of ovaries was performed using two complementary approaches: cDNA–amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and microarray analysis. • The gene expression profiles obtained suggest that, in addition to auxin and gibberellin, ethylene and abscisic acid (ABA) are involved in regulating Fruit Set. Before Fruit development, many genes involved in biotic and abiotic responses are active in the ovary. In addition, genes involved in ethylene and ABA biosynthesis were strongly expressed, suggesting relatively high ethylene and ABA concentrations before Fruit Set. Induction of Fruit development, either by pollination or by gibberellin application, attenuated expression of all ethylene and ABA biosynthesis and response genes within 24 h. • It is proposed that the function of ABA and ethylene in Fruit Set might be antagonistic to that of auxin and gibberellin in order to keep the ovary in a temporally protected and dormant state; either to protect the ovary tissue or to prevent Fruit development before pollination and fertilization occur.
Offea Arabica - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Pollination and Fruit Set of and and
American Journal of Botany, 2003Co-Authors: E E Pollinationfruit, S E T Of, Offea ArabicaAbstract:Self-sterile Coffea canephora and self-fertile C. arabica are important cash crops in many tropical countries. We examined the relative importance of insect, wind, and spontaneous self-pollination and the degree of self-fertility of these two coffee species in 24 agroforestry coffee fields in Indonesia. In both species, open pollination and cross pollination by hand led to the highest Fruit Set. Wind pollination (including self-pollination) led to 16% lower Fruit Set than open pollination in C. canephora and to 12.3% lower Fruit Set in C. arabica. Self-pollinated flowers and unmanipulated controls achieved an extremely low Fruit Set of 10% or less in the self-sterile species, and of 60% and 48%, respectively in the self-fertile species. These results constitute experimental evidence that cross pollination by bees causes a significant increase in Fruit Set of not only the self-sterile, but also the self-fertile coffee species. The practical implication is that coffee yield may be improved by managing fields for increased flower visitation by bees.
Saul A Cunningham - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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wild pollinators enhance Fruit Set of crops regardless of honey bee abundance
Science, 2013Co-Authors: Lucas A Garibaldi, Ingolf Steffandewenter, Rachael Winfree, Marcelo A Aizen, Riccardo Bommarco, Saul A Cunningham, Claire Kremen, Luisa G Carvalheiro, Lawrence D HarderAbstract:The diversity and abundance of wild insect pollinators have declined in many agricultural landscapes. Whether such declines reduce crop yields, or are mitigated by managed pollinators such as honey bees, is unclear. We found universally positive associations of Fruit Set with flower visitation by wild insects in 41 crop systems worldwide. In contrast, Fruit Set increased significantly with flower visitation by honey bees in only 14% of the systems surveyed. Overall, wild insects pollinated crops more effectively; an increase in wild insect visitation enhanced Fruit Set by twice as much as an equivalent increase in honey bee visitation. Visitation by wild insects and honey bees promoted Fruit Set independently, so pollination by managed honey bees supplemented, rather than substituted for, pollination by wild insects. Our results suggest that new practices for integrated management of both honey bees and diverse wild insect assemblages will enhance global crop yields.
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depressed pollination in habitat fragments causes low Fruit Set
Proceedings of The Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2000Co-Authors: Saul A CunninghamAbstract:In central New South Wales, Australia, flowers of Acacia brachybotrya and Eremophila glabra plants growing in linear vegetation remnants received less pollen than conspecifics in nearby reserves. Pollen supplementation increased Fruit production by both species, indicating pollen limitation of Fruit Set. Together these observations explain why Fruit production by these species was depressed in linear-strip populations relative to nearby reserves. This study confirms that habitat fragmentation can lead to decline in pollination and subsequent Fruit Set in wild plant populations. Disrupted pollination interactions of the kind documented in this study may offer a substantial challenge to the conservation of biodiversity in fragmented landscapes.
Teja Tscharntke - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Fruit Set of highland coffee increases with the diversity of pollinating bees
Proceedings of The Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2003Co-Authors: Alexandra Maria Klein, Ingolf Steffandewenter, Teja TscharntkeAbstract:The worldwide decline of pollinators may negatively affect the Fruit Set of wild and cultivated plants. Here, we show that Fruit Set of the self-fertilizing highland coffee (Coffea arabica) is highly variable and related to bee pollination. In a comparison of 24 agroforestry systems in Indonesia, the Fruit Set of coffee could be predicted by the number of flower-visiting bee species, and it ranged from ca. 60% (three species) to 90% (20 species). Diversity, not abundance, explained variation in Fruit Set, so the collective role of a species-rich bee community was important for pollination success. Additional experiments showed that single flower visits from rare solitary species led to higher Fruit Set than with abundant social species. Pollinator diversity was affected by two habitat parameters indicating guild-specific nesting requirements: the diversity of social bees decreased with forest distance, whereas the diversity of solitary bees increased with light intensity of the agroforestry systems. These results give empirical evidence for a positive relationship between ecosystem functions such as pollination and biodiversity. Conservation of rainforest adjacent to adequately managed agroforestry systems could improve the yields of farmers.
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Bee pollination and Fruit Set of Coffea arabica and C. canephora (Rubiaceae)
American Journal of Botany, 2003Co-Authors: Alexandra Maria Klein, Ingolf Steffan-dewenter, Teja TscharntkeAbstract:Self-sterile Coffea canephora and self-fertile C. arabica are important cash crops in many tropical countries. We examined the relative importance of insect, wind, and spontaneous self-pollination and the degree of self-fertility of these two coffee species in 24 agroforestry coffee fields in Indonesia. In both species, open pollination and cross pollination by hand led to the highest Fruit Set. Wind pollination (including self-pollination) led to 16% lower Fruit Set than open pollination in C. canephora and to 12.3% lower Fruit Set in C. arabica. Self-pollinated flowers and unmanipulated controls achieved an extremely low Fruit Set of 10% or less in the self-sterile species, and of 60% and 48%, respectively in the self-fertile species. These results constitute experimental evidence that cross pollination by bees causes a significant increase in Fruit Set of not only the self-sterile, but also the self-fertile coffee species. The practical implication is that coffee yield may be improved by managing fields for increased flower visitation by bees.
Jason C. Walker - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Lack of Pollinators Limits Fruit Set in the Exotic Lonicera japonica
The American Midland Naturalist, 2006Co-Authors: Katherine C. Larson, Sherry P. Fowler, Jason C. WalkerAbstract:The nonindigenous invasive, Lonicera Japonica, is a woody vine with a well-documented capacity for vegetative spread. In contrast, few data exist on its potential for establishment by seed. Lonicera Japonica is biotically pollinated and xenogamous, requiring pollen from a genetically distinct individual for Fruit Set. We conducted hand-pollinations to determine if the Fruit Set of L. Japonica in Arkansas was pollinator limited. Naturally pollinated control shoots produced Fruit from 17.4% of their flowers, but the hand-pollinated flowers had a Fruit Set of 78.7%. Shoots with pollinators excluded Set Fruit on only 2.1% of the flowers. To determine geographic patterns in Fruit Set we surveyed seven different sites along the western edge of the naturalized range of L. Japonica. Average Fruit Set on primary shoots was 13 ± 4.1% (mean ± SE), whereas the secondary shoots averaged 23 ± 6.7%. These results support our conclusion that sexual reproduction in populations of L. Japonica along the western edge of its naturalized range is limited by a lack of pollination. CR - Copyright © 2002 The University of Notre Dame
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Lack of Pollinators Limits Fruit Set in the Exotic Lonicera japonica
American Midland Naturalist, 2002Co-Authors: Katherine C. Larson, Sherry P. Fowler, Jason C. WalkerAbstract:Abstract The nonindigenous invasive, Lonicera japonica, is a woody vine with a well-documented capacity for vegetative spread. In contrast, few data exist on its potential for establishment by seed. Lonicera japonica is biotically pollinated and xenogamous, requiring pollen from a genetically distinct individual for Fruit Set. We conducted hand-pollinations to determine if the Fruit Set of L. japonica in Arkansas was pollinator limited. Naturally pollinated control shoots produced Fruit from 17.4% of their flowers, but the hand-pollinated flowers had a Fruit Set of 78.7%. Shoots with pollinators excluded Set Fruit on only 2.1% of the flowers. To determine geographic patterns in Fruit Set we surveyed seven different sites along the western edge of the naturalized range of L. japonica. Average Fruit Set on primary shoots was 13 ± 4.1% (mean ± se), whereas the secondary shoots averaged 23 ± 6.7%. These results support our conclusion that sexual reproduction in populations of L. japonica along the western edg...
