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Ana C. Bratanich - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A novel gammaherpesvirus isolated from a black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus)
Archives of Virology, 2011Co-Authors: Brandy Nagamine, Leandro Jones, Christian Tellgren-roth, Jacqueline Cavender, Ana C. BratanichAbstract:A new gammaherpesvirus, tentatively named cynomys herpesvirus 1 (CynGHV-1), was isolated from a black-tailed prairie dog ( Cynomys ludovicianus ). CynGHV-1 replicated cytopathogenically to moderate titers in various cell lines. Ten kb of the CynGHV-1 genome was sequenced using degenerate PCR and genomic cloning. Sequence similarities were found to different genes from known gammaherpesviruses. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that CynGHV-1 was in fact a novel virus closely related to representatives of different genera and unclassified members of the subfamily Gammaherpesvirinae . However, CynGHV-1 could not be assigned to any particular genus and therefore remains unclassified.
Brandy Nagamine - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A novel gammaherpesvirus isolated from a black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus)
Archives of Virology, 2011Co-Authors: Brandy Nagamine, Leandro Jones, Christian Tellgren-roth, Jacqueline Cavender, Ana C. BratanichAbstract:A new gammaherpesvirus, tentatively named cynomys herpesvirus 1 (CynGHV-1), was isolated from a black-tailed prairie dog ( Cynomys ludovicianus ). CynGHV-1 replicated cytopathogenically to moderate titers in various cell lines. Ten kb of the CynGHV-1 genome was sequenced using degenerate PCR and genomic cloning. Sequence similarities were found to different genes from known gammaherpesviruses. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that CynGHV-1 was in fact a novel virus closely related to representatives of different genera and unclassified members of the subfamily Gammaherpesvirinae . However, CynGHV-1 could not be assigned to any particular genus and therefore remains unclassified.
Duncan J. Mcgeoch - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The order Herpesvirales
Archives of Virology, 2009Co-Authors: Andrew J. Davison, Bernhard Ehlers, Anthony C. Minson, Richard Eberle, Philip E. Pellett, Duncan J. Mcgeoch, Michael J. Studdert, Gary S. Hayward, Bernard Roizman, Etienne ThiryAbstract:The taxonomy of herpesviruses has been updated by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). The former family Herpesviridae has been split into three families, which have been incorporated into the new order Herpesvirales . The revised family Herpesviridae retains the mammal, bird and reptile viruses, the new family Alloherpesviridae incorporates the fish and frog viruses, and the new family Malacoherpesviridae contains a bivalve virus. Three new genera have been created in the family Herpesviridae , namely Proboscivirus in the subfamily Betaherpesvirinae and Macavirus and Percavirus in the subfamily Gammaherpesvirinae . These genera have been formed by the transfer of species from established genera and the erection of new species, and other new species have been added to some of the established genera. In addition, the names of some nonhuman primate virus species have been changed. The family Alloherpesviridae has been populated by transfer of the genus Ictalurivirus and addition of the new species Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 . The family Malacoherpesviridae incorporates the new genus Ostreavirus containing the new species Ostreid herpesvirus 1 .
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Molecular Evolution of the Herpesvirales
Origin and Evolution of Viruses, 2008Co-Authors: Duncan J. Mcgeoch, Aidan Dolan, Andrew J. Davison, Derek Gatherer, Edgar E. Sevilla-reyesAbstract:The herpesviruses are a group of large DNA viruses, originally defined by their characteristic virion structure. On the basis of genome sequences they have been assigned to an order, Herpesvirales, containing three families: the Herpesviridae, infecting mammals, birds and reptiles; the Alloherpesviridae, infecting amphibians and fish; and the Malacoherpesviridae, populated only by an oyster virus. Viruses in the Herpesviridae are descended from a common ancestor, as are those in the Alloherpesviridae, but connections between the families are tenuous.The Herpesviridae include eight human viruses. Three widely diverged subfamilies, the Alpha -, Beta -, and Gammaherpesvirinae, are defined. A robust phylogenetic tree has been constructed for this family, based on amino acid sequences from conserved genes. Within sub-families, aspects of branching patterns resemble those of mammalian host lineages, indicating long-term co-evolution of virus and host lines and thus enabling inference of a timeframe for the tree. On this basis the tree is estimated to be about 400 million years in depth. Some 40 genes are conserved across the Herpesviridae, with recognized roles mainly in capsid structure and DNA replication machinery. Functions of non-conserved genes include roles in immune modulation and latency. Some herpesvirus genes appear to have originated by capture from cellular genomes, and others by genesis de novo. Multigene families are common, notably in the Betaherpesvirinae. Aspects of DNA replication systems have diverged among subfamilies, with complex arrangements for initiation of DNA synthesis in the Gammaherpesvirinae and part of the Betaherpesvirinae, and disabling in the Betaherpesvirinae ofgenes for nucleotide anabolism. Comparative genomic sequenc-ing of herpesvirus isolates is revealing novel aspects of recent evolution. Recombination among strains has emerged as a general phenomenon. Also, certain latent cycle genes of gammaherpesviruses uniquely evince signs of widespread diversifying selection. Genomic organizations in theAlloherpes-viridae and Malacoherpesviridae look gener-ally similar to those of the Herpesviridae, and the Alloherpesviridae are also widely diverse.
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Novel Mammalian Herpesviruses and Lineages within the Gammaherpesvirinae : Cospeciation and Interspecies Transfer
Journal of virology, 2008Co-Authors: Bernhard Ehlers, Güzin Dural, Nezlisah Yasmum, Tiziana Lembo, Benoit De Thoisy, Marie-pierre Ryser-degiorgis, Rainer G. Ulrich, Duncan J. McgeochAbstract:Novel members of the subfamily Gammaherpesvirinae, hosted by eight mammalian species from six orders (Primates, Artiodactyla, Perissodactyla, Carnivora, Scandentia, and Eulipotyphla), were discovered using PCR with pan-herpesvirus DNA polymerase (DPOL) gene primers and genus-specific glycoprotein B (gB) gene primers. The gB and DPOL sequences of each virus species were connected by long-distance PCR, and contiguous sequences of approximately 3.4 kbp were compiled. Six additional gammaherpesviruses from four mammalian host orders (Artiodactyla, Perissodactyla, Primates, and Proboscidea), for which only short DPOL sequences were known, were analyzed in the same manner. Together with available corresponding sequences for 31 other gammaherpesviruses, alignments of encoded amino acid sequences were made and used for phylogenetic analyses by maximum-likelihood and Bayesian Monte Carlo Markov chain methods to derive a tree which contained two major loci of unresolved branching details. The tree was rooted by parallel analyses that included alpha- and betaherpesvirus sequences. This gammaherpesvirus tree contains 11 major lineages and presents the widest view to date of phylogenetic relationships in any subfamily of the Herpesviridae, as well as the most complex in the number of deep lineages. The tree's branching pattern can be interpreted only in part in terms of the cospeciation of virus and host lineages, and a substantial incidence of the interspecies transfer of viruses must also be invoked.
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On phylogenetic relationships among major lineages of the Gammaherpesvirinae.
The Journal of general virology, 2005Co-Authors: Duncan J. Mcgeoch, Derek Gatherer, Aidan DolanAbstract:Phylogenetic relationships within the subfamily Gammaherpesvirinae of the family Herpesviridae were investigated for three species in the genus Lymphocryptovirus (or gamma1 group) and nine in the genus Rhadinovirus (or gamma2 group). Alignments of amino acid sequences from up to 28 genes were used to derive trees by maximum-likelihood and Bayesian Monte Carlo Markov chain methods. Two problem areas were identified involving an unresolvable multifurcation for a clade within the gamma2 group, and a high divergence for Murid herpesvirus 4 (MHV4). A robust final tree was obtained, which was valid for genes from across the virus genomes and was rooted by reference to previous analyses of the whole family Herpesviridae. This tree comprised four major lineages: the gamma1 group of primate viruses; a clade of artiodactyl gamma2 viruses; a clade of perissodactyl gamma2 viruses; and a clade of gamma2 viruses with a multifurcation at its base and containing Old World and New World primate viruses, Bovine herpesvirus 4 and MHV4. Developing previous work it was proposed, on the basis of similarities between the gammaherpesvirus tree and the tree of corresponding mammalian hosts, that the first three of these major viral lineages arose in a coevolutionary manner with host lineages, while the fourth had its origin in an ancient interspecies transfer. Transfer of dates from mammalian palaeontology then allowed estimation of dates for nodes in the gammaherpesvirus tree.
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Phylogenetic relationships in the Lymphocryptovirus genus of the Gammaherpesvirinae.
Virus research, 2004Co-Authors: Clive S. Gerner, Aidan Dolan, Duncan J. McgeochAbstract:Complete DNA sequences were determined for the glycoprotein B (gB) genes of four viruses from the genus Lymphocryptovirus, whose hosts had been assigned as baboon, orangutan, chimpanzee and gorilla. Together with published sequences for the gB genes of three lymphocryptoviruses, namely the human pathogen Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a rhesus monkey virus and a marmoset virus, the sequences were used to investigate evolutionary relationships in the genus. The chimpanzee and orangutan viruses' sequences were found to be so close that it is unlikely both represent natural infections in these hosts. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the New World marmoset virus lineage formed a sister clade to that of the Old World viruses, consistent with a cospeciational separation. Within the Old World virus group, resolution of branching pattern was incomplete, and suggestive of a complex history. In particular, it was inferred that separation of the EBV lineage from that of the gorilla virus plus the chimpanzee/orangutan virus may have predated separation of the present day host species.
Etienne Thiry - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The order Herpesvirales
Archives of Virology, 2009Co-Authors: Andrew J. Davison, Bernhard Ehlers, Anthony C. Minson, Richard Eberle, Philip E. Pellett, Duncan J. Mcgeoch, Michael J. Studdert, Gary S. Hayward, Bernard Roizman, Etienne ThiryAbstract:The taxonomy of herpesviruses has been updated by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). The former family Herpesviridae has been split into three families, which have been incorporated into the new order Herpesvirales . The revised family Herpesviridae retains the mammal, bird and reptile viruses, the new family Alloherpesviridae incorporates the fish and frog viruses, and the new family Malacoherpesviridae contains a bivalve virus. Three new genera have been created in the family Herpesviridae , namely Proboscivirus in the subfamily Betaherpesvirinae and Macavirus and Percavirus in the subfamily Gammaherpesvirinae . These genera have been formed by the transfer of species from established genera and the erection of new species, and other new species have been added to some of the established genera. In addition, the names of some nonhuman primate virus species have been changed. The family Alloherpesviridae has been populated by transfer of the genus Ictalurivirus and addition of the new species Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 . The family Malacoherpesviridae incorporates the new genus Ostreavirus containing the new species Ostreid herpesvirus 1 .
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La recombinaison chez les alphaherpèsvirus
Annales De Medecine Veterinaire, 2001Co-Authors: François Meurens, Frédéric Schynts, Etienne ThiryAbstract:RESUME : La famille des Herpesviridae regroupe des virus enveloppes a ADN bicatenaire dont l'ancetre commun serait apparu il y a environ 400 millions d'annees. La classification de ces virus repose, soit sur leurs proprietes biologiques (trois sous-familles : Alpha-, Betaet Gammaherpesvirinae), soit sur leur structure genomique (groupes A a F). Leur structure genomique, leur replication, l'encapsidation et le clivage de leur genome, la recombinaison et ses consequences biologiques sont tour a tour abordes. Etant donne leur importance respective en medecine humaine et veterinaire, une attention particuliere est accordee a deux virus, l'herpesvirus simplex de type 1 et l'herpesvirus bovin de type 1, membres de la sous-famille des Alphaherpesvirinae. Les consequences biologiques de la recombinaison appellent a une meilleure comprehension de ce phenomene. Le lien de la recombinaison avec la replication virale, son role precis et sa contribution au processus evolutif sont autant de sujets qui demandent a etre explores.
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Glycoprotein B of bovine herpesvirus 4 is a major component of the virion, unlike that of two other gammaherpesviruses, Epstein-Barr virus and murine gammaherpesvirus 68.
Journal of virology, 1997Co-Authors: P Lomonte, Michel Bublot, Paul-pierre Pastoret, Patrice Filée, Japhet Lyaku, Etienne ThiryAbstract:This study reports that in bovine herpesvirus 4, glycoprotein B (gB) is a heterodimer and a major component of the virion, unlike gBs of Epstein-Barr virus (gp110) and murine gammaherpesvirus 68, two other gammaherpesviruses. These are new characteristics with regard to the general features of gB in the Gammaherpesvirinae subfamily.
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Bovine herpesvirus 4: Genomic organization and relationship with two other gammaherpesviruses, Epstein-Barr virus and herpesvirus saimiri
Veterinary microbiology, 1996Co-Authors: P Lomonte, Michel Bublot, Paul-pierre Pastoret, G M Keil, V L Van Santen, Etienne ThiryAbstract:Bovine herpesvirus 4 (BHV-4) belongs to the Gammaherpesvirinae subfamily. Although the whole sequence of BHV-4 genome is not known it was possible, based on random sequencing, to assume that its genomic organization consists of genes clustered in blocks whose orientation and location in the genome are conserved within a herpesvirus subfamily. Between these blocks lie genes which are specific to either a particular virus or a virus subfamily. BHV-4 genome consists of 5 gene blocks conserved among the gammaherpesviruses and particularly within the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and the herpesvirus saimiri (HVS) genomes. Analysis of the regions located outside the gene blocks showed the presence of 12 open reading frames (ORFs). Protein database comparisons showed that no ORF translation products were similar to proteins encoded by alpha- or beta-herpesviruses. Nevertheless, 5 ORFs were homologous in amino acid sequences to proteins encoded by HVS and one was similar to a protein encoded by both HVS and EBV. On the basis of the molecular data BHV-4 is more closely related to HVS than to EBV. Genes homologous to cellular genes have been described in both HVS and EBV genomes. No genes homologous to presently sequenced cellular genes were found among those found in the BHV-4 genome to date.
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molecular biology of bovine herpesvirus type 4
Veterinary Microbiology, 1992Co-Authors: Etienne Thiry, Michel Bublot, P Lomonte, Alain Vanderplasschen, J Dubuisson, M F Van Bressem, Annesophie Lequarre, Paul-pierre PastoretAbstract:Abstract Bovine herpesvirus type 4 (BHV-4) is a ubiquitous virus of cattle. Its genome is a 144±6 kb double-stranded DNA consisting of a unique central part (L-DNA) flanked at both ends by tandem repeats called polyrepetitive DNA (prDNA or H-DNA). The overall arrangement of genes has been obtained by the analysis of homologies between short BHV-4 DNA sequences and corresponding genes of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and herpesvirus saimiri (HVS). The gene expression is temporally regulated. Glycoprotein precursor p (gp10/gp17) is expressed as gamma 1 polypeptide. Glycoproteins gp1, gp8, gp11 and their precursors are gamma 2 proteins. The analysis of strain variations allows the definition of two types of strains, based on the DNA patterns: the Movar 33/63-like and the DN 599-like strains. Only the M40 strain, isolated in India, fails to fit this classification. The genomic variations have been compiled to build a dendrogram showing three levels of divergence between BHV-4 strains or isolates. The available molecular data indicate that the BHV-4 genome shares much similarity with the DNA of EBV and HVS, two representative members of the Gammaherpesvirinae. BHV-4 may therefore be classified in the subfamily Gammaherpesvirinae.
Leandro Jones - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A novel gammaherpesvirus isolated from a black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus)
Archives of Virology, 2011Co-Authors: Brandy Nagamine, Leandro Jones, Christian Tellgren-roth, Jacqueline Cavender, Ana C. BratanichAbstract:A new gammaherpesvirus, tentatively named cynomys herpesvirus 1 (CynGHV-1), was isolated from a black-tailed prairie dog ( Cynomys ludovicianus ). CynGHV-1 replicated cytopathogenically to moderate titers in various cell lines. Ten kb of the CynGHV-1 genome was sequenced using degenerate PCR and genomic cloning. Sequence similarities were found to different genes from known gammaherpesviruses. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that CynGHV-1 was in fact a novel virus closely related to representatives of different genera and unclassified members of the subfamily Gammaherpesvirinae . However, CynGHV-1 could not be assigned to any particular genus and therefore remains unclassified.
