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Khim Phin Chong - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Ganoderma Boninense mycelia for phytochemicals and secondary metabolites with antibacterial activity
Journal of Microbiology, 2020Co-Authors: Syahriel Abdullah, Seeun Jang, Minkyu Kwak, Khim Phin ChongAbstract:Antiplasmodial nortriterpenes with 3,4-seco-27-norlanostane skeletons, almost entirely obtained from fruiting bodies, represent the main evidential source for bioactive secondary metabolites derived from a relatively unexplored phytopathogenic fungus, Ganoderma Boninense. Currently lacking is convincing evidence for antimicrobial secondary metabolites in this pathogen, excluding that obtained from commonly observed phytochemicals in the plants. Herein, we aimed to demonstrate an efficient analytical approach for the production of antibacterial secondary metabolites using the mycelial extract of G. Boninense. Three experimental cultures were prepared from fruiting bodies (GBFB), mycelium cultured on potato dextrose agar (PDA) media (GBMA), and liquid broth (GBMB). Through solvent extraction, culture type-dependent phytochemical distributions were diversely exhibited. Water-extracted GBMB produced the highest yield (31.21 ± 0.61%, p < 0.05), but both GBFB and GBMA elicited remarkably higher yields than GBMB when polar-organic solvent extraction was employed. Greater quantities of phytochemicals were also obtained from GBFB and GBMA, in sharp contrast to those gleaned from GBMB. However, the highest antibacterial activity was observed in chloroform-extracted GBMA against all tested bacteria. From liquid-liquid extractions (LLE), it was seen that mycelia extraction with combined chloroform-methanol-water at a ratio of 1:1:1 was superior at detecting antibacterial activities with the most significant quantities of antibacterial compounds. The data demonstrate a novel means of assessing antibacterial compounds with mycelia by LLE which avoids the shortcomings of standardized methodologies. Additionally, the antibacterial extract from the mycelia demonstrate that previously unknown bioactive secondary metabolites of the less studied subsets of Ganoderma may serve as active and potent antimicrobial compounds.
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pathogenic nature of Ganoderma Boninense and basal stem rot disease
2017Co-Authors: Khim Phin Chong, Jedol Dayou, Arnnyitte AlexanderAbstract:The oil palm industry is under threat of a prevailing incurable disease called Basal Root Stem (BSR), which is caused by a white rot fungi, known as Ganoderma Boninense . With no current remedy at present, BSR is the major disease in oil palm plantations of SEA and, therefore, of great economic importance to the world oil palm industry, especially to Malaysia and Indonesia, which are oil palm major producers and exporters. The disease is highly associated with the decay of lower stem, leading to severe symptoms such as unopened and flattening spear leaves. There are numerous mode of infection associated with the epidemiology of G. Boninense in oil palm plantation, including in-contact roots with nearby diseased palms and through airborne basidiospores . Deep insight on the route of infection and mycological pathogenicity behaviour of the pathogen is the greatest priority in order to successfully develop effective management practices for disease control.
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the potential of papaya leaf extract in controlling Ganoderma Boninense
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2016Co-Authors: Z H Tay, Khim Phin ChongAbstract:Basal Stem Rot (BSR) disease causes significant losses to the oil palm industry. Numerous controls have been applied in managing the disease but no conclusive result was reported. This study investigated the antifungal potential of papaya leaf extracts against Ganoderma Boninense, the causal pathogen of BSR. Among the five different solvents tested in extraction of compounds from papaya leaf, methanol and acetone gave the highest yield. In vitro antifungal activity of the methanol and acetone extracts were evaluated against G. Boninense using agar dilution at four concentrations: 5 mg mL-1, 15 mg mL-1, 30 mg mL-1and 45 mg mL-1. The results indicated a positive correlation between the concentration of leaf extracts and the inhibition of G. Boninense. ED50 of methanol and acetone crude extracts were determined to be 32.016 mg mL-1and 65.268 mg mL-1, respectively. The extracts were later semi-purified using solid phase extraction (SPE) and the nine bioactive compounds were identified: decanoic acid, 2-methyl-, Z,Z-10-12-Hexadecadien-1-ol acetate, dinonanoin monocaprylin, 2-chloroethyl oleate, phenol,4-(1-phenylethyl)-, phenol,2,4-bis(1-phenylethyl)-, phenol-2-(1-phenylethyl)-, ethyl iso-allocholate and 1- monolinoleoylglycerol trimethylsilyl ether. The findings suggest that papaya leaf extracts have the ability to inhibit the growth of G. Boninense, where a higher concentration of the extract exhibits better inhibition effects.
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sensitivity analysis of the detection of Ganoderma Boninense infection in oil palm using ftir
Transactions on Science and Technology, 2014Co-Authors: Arnnyitte Alexander, Khim Phin Chong, Coswald Stephen Sipaut, Ping Chin Lee, Jedol DayouAbstract:A b s t r a c t One of the main issues in oil palm plantation is the infection of Ganoderma Boninense causing basal stem rot disease. Huge monetary losses were reported in the industry by the main producer countries such as Malaysia and Indonesia. Many efforts have been carried out to detect the fungus at the early stage of infection with less practical achievement so far. Recently, detection of the pathogenic fungi using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) has been investigated by the authors. This paper examines the sensitivity of the detection method and correlates the results with the practicality in field scenario. It was found that percentage content of G. Boninense cells in oil palm tissues of 5% is detectable using FTIR technique. The results presented in this study indicated that FTIR could be a solution to early detection of G. Boninense infection in oil palm especially if the instrument can be made portable and robust for field application.
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the role of syringic acid in the interaction between oil palm and Ganoderma Boninense the causal agent of basal stem rot
Plant Pathology, 2012Co-Authors: Khim Phin Chong, Markus Atong, Stephen RossallAbstract:Novel inoculation and assessment methods for Ganoderma Boninense infection of oil palm are reported. The involvement of phenolic acids in the interaction was examined. HPLC was used to monitor changes in the concentrations of three specific phenolics: syringic acid (SA), caffeic acid and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, identified as the main compounds that accumulated. The work reported here focuses on SA, the most antifungal of the molecules detected. The oil palm cv. AVROS, reported by local planters to be less susceptible than others, showed higher accumulation of SA than cvs Ekona and Calabar. Accumulation was promoted by addition of chitosan to the plant growing medium. By the end of the time-course, the concentration of SA decreased in the oil palm tissues inoculated with G. Boninense, suggesting possible metabolism by the pathogen. This loss was, however, not detected in tissues treated with chitosan alone and was greatly reduced when G. Boninense was combined with this polymer. In vitro studies on antifungal activity of SA were done using concentrations ranging from 50 to 110 μg mL−1, those typically recorded in oil palm roots. SA was found to be antifungal (EC50 90–100 μg mL−1). The concentration of SA detected in root tissues, especially in the presence of chitosan, could inhibit growth of G. Boninense. The pathogen was shown to degrade SA in vitro. However, at the highest concentration tested, metabolism was greatly delayed, only occurring after a lag phase in pathogen growth. Accumulation of phenolic acids, especially SA, may prove a useful trait in breeding resistant oil palm cultivars.
Markus Atong - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the role of syringic acid in the interaction between oil palm and Ganoderma Boninense the causal agent of basal stem rot
Plant Pathology, 2012Co-Authors: Khim Phin Chong, Markus Atong, Stephen RossallAbstract:Novel inoculation and assessment methods for Ganoderma Boninense infection of oil palm are reported. The involvement of phenolic acids in the interaction was examined. HPLC was used to monitor changes in the concentrations of three specific phenolics: syringic acid (SA), caffeic acid and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, identified as the main compounds that accumulated. The work reported here focuses on SA, the most antifungal of the molecules detected. The oil palm cv. AVROS, reported by local planters to be less susceptible than others, showed higher accumulation of SA than cvs Ekona and Calabar. Accumulation was promoted by addition of chitosan to the plant growing medium. By the end of the time-course, the concentration of SA decreased in the oil palm tissues inoculated with G. Boninense, suggesting possible metabolism by the pathogen. This loss was, however, not detected in tissues treated with chitosan alone and was greatly reduced when G. Boninense was combined with this polymer. In vitro studies on antifungal activity of SA were done using concentrations ranging from 50 to 110 μg mL−1, those typically recorded in oil palm roots. SA was found to be antifungal (EC50 90–100 μg mL−1). The concentration of SA detected in root tissues, especially in the presence of chitosan, could inhibit growth of G. Boninense. The pathogen was shown to degrade SA in vitro. However, at the highest concentration tested, metabolism was greatly delayed, only occurring after a lag phase in pathogen growth. Accumulation of phenolic acids, especially SA, may prove a useful trait in breeding resistant oil palm cultivars.
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the role of syringic acid in the interaction between oil palm and Ganoderma Boninense the causal agent of basal stem rot
Plant Pathology, 2012Co-Authors: Khim Phin Chong, Markus Atong, Stephen RossallAbstract:Novel inoculation and assessment methods for Ganoderma Boninense infection of oil palm are reported. The involvement of phenolic acids in the interaction was examined. HPLC was used to monitor changes in the concentrations of three specific phenolics: syringic acid (SA), caffeic acid and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, identified as the main compounds that accumulated. The work reported here focuses on SA, the most antifungal of the molecules detected. The oil palm cv. AVROS, reported by local planters to be less susceptible than others, showed higher accumulation of SA than cvs Ekona and Calabar. Accumulation was promoted by addition of chitosan to the plant growing medium. By the end of the time-course, the concentration of SA decreased in the oil palm tissues inoculated with G. Boninense, suggesting possible metabolism by the pathogen. This loss was, however, not detected in tissues treated with chitosan alone and was greatly reduced when G. Boninense was combined with this polymer. In vitro studies on antifungal activity of SA were done using concentrations ranging from 50 to 110 μg mL−1, those typically recorded in oil palm roots. SA was found to be antifungal (EC50 90–100 μg mL−1). The concentration of SA detected in root tissues, especially in the presence of chitosan, could inhibit growth of G. Boninense. The pathogen was shown to degrade SA in vitro. However, at the highest concentration tested, metabolism was greatly delayed, only occurring after a lag phase in pathogen growth. Accumulation of phenolic acids, especially SA, may prove a useful trait in breeding resistant oil palm cultivars.
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first identification of Ganoderma Boninense isolated from sabah based on pcr and sequence homology
African Journal of Biotechnology, 2011Co-Authors: Khim Phin Chong, Markus Atong, Mok Sam Lum, Chee Woh Foong, Clemente Michael Vui Ling Wong, Stephen RossallAbstract:Basal stem rot (BSR) of oil palm ( Elaeis guineensis ) is caused by Ganoderma Boninense , and, commercially, is one of the most devastating diseases in South East Asia. Losses of more than 80% of stands by the time they are halfway through their normal economic life have been reported. High incidence of BSR results in economic losses due to zero yields from dead palms and significantly reduced weight and number of fruit bunches in infected but living palms. Due to the importance of oil palm industry to Malaysia’s economy, the transfer of any materials that are related to Ganoderma is strictly prohibited from Peninsular Malaysia to Sabah and Sarawak. No basic identification method using molecular techniques for the identification of G. Boninense exist in this study for G. Boninense isolates from Sabah. The only report on this pathogens isolate in Sabah was based on their morphology and pathogencity. In conjunction with the morphological similarities among the different isolates, there are numerous opinions on the aggressiveness of the pathogen in Sabah. The isolates of G. Boninense from Sabah were claimed to be less aggressive compared to those from Peninsular Malaysia. This may be due to lower incidence of BSR in Sabah and Sarawak compared to Peninsular Malaysia. Since the oil palm industry is a fast income-generating tool, data related to it may be highly sensitive. Researchers, plantation managers and entrepreneurs are not forthcoming with the information on oil palm genetic materials or isolates of G. Boninense with others. The current speculations on the Sabah isolates need further investigation. In this study, we report the identity of isolates Ganoderma from Langkon Oil Palm Estate in Sabah, Malaysia. The identity of these isolates was confirmed using DNA sequence analysis after PCR amplification. The latter method shows that the Sabah isolates were very similar to aggressive G. Boninense strains FA5017 or FA5035 from West Malaysia, with a maximum similarity of 98%. Key words: Aggressive, FA5017, FA5035, G1_5, isolate.
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HPC fingerprints and in vitro antimicrobial activity of syringic acid, caffeic acid and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid against Ganoderma Boninense.
Journal of Applied Sciences, 2011Co-Authors: Khim Phin Chong, Stephen Rossall, Markus AtongAbstract:This study discusses the in vitro antimicrobial activity and fungitoxicity of syringic acid, caffeic acid and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid which is found in oil palm root. The presence of these phenolics were first confirmed with the injection of standards using HPLC in a gradient system developed with methanol and 0.1% phosphoric acid. Experiments were observed for fourteen days, repeated at least three times and data were recorded daily. The antimicrobial activities and fungitoxicity of the phenolics against Ganoderma Boninense were expressed in inhibition of radial growth of G. Boninense on PDA ameliorated with the three different phenolics with a range concentration of 0.5-2.5 mg mL¯¹. Syringic acid was found to be very fungitoxic to G. Boninense even at concentration of 0.5 mg mL-1, the lowest concentration tested in this experiment. When the concentration is increase to 1.0 mg mL¯¹ of syringic acid, the pathogen is inhibited. Caffeic acid and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid were having inhibitory effect with the highest concentration tested; 2.5 mg mL¯¹ strongly inhibited the growth of G. Boninense in comparison to the control.
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in vitro antimicrobial activity and fungitoxicity of syringic acid caffeic acid and 4 hydroxybenzoic acid against Ganoderma Boninense
The Journal of Agricultural Science, 2009Co-Authors: Khim Phin Chong, Stephen Rossall, Markus AtongAbstract:This paper discusses the in vitro antimicrobial activity and fungitoxicity of syringic acid, caffeic acid and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid which is found in oil palm root. Experiments were observed for fourteen days, repeated at least three times and data were recorded daily. The antimicrobial activities and fungitoxicity of the phenolics against Ganoderma Boninense were expressed in inhibition of radial growth of G. Boninense on PDA ameliorated with the three different phenolics with a range concentration of 0.5-2.5 mg/ml. Syringic acid was found to be very fungitoxic to G. Boninense even at concentration of 0.5 mg/ml, the lowest concentration tested in this experiment. When the concentration is increase to 1.0mg/ml of syringic acid, the pathogen is inhibited. Caffeic acid and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid were having inhibitory effect with the highest concentration tested; 2.5mg/ml strongly inhibited the growth of G. Boninense in comparison to the control.
Stephen Rossall - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the role of syringic acid in the interaction between oil palm and Ganoderma Boninense the causal agent of basal stem rot
Plant Pathology, 2012Co-Authors: Khim Phin Chong, Markus Atong, Stephen RossallAbstract:Novel inoculation and assessment methods for Ganoderma Boninense infection of oil palm are reported. The involvement of phenolic acids in the interaction was examined. HPLC was used to monitor changes in the concentrations of three specific phenolics: syringic acid (SA), caffeic acid and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, identified as the main compounds that accumulated. The work reported here focuses on SA, the most antifungal of the molecules detected. The oil palm cv. AVROS, reported by local planters to be less susceptible than others, showed higher accumulation of SA than cvs Ekona and Calabar. Accumulation was promoted by addition of chitosan to the plant growing medium. By the end of the time-course, the concentration of SA decreased in the oil palm tissues inoculated with G. Boninense, suggesting possible metabolism by the pathogen. This loss was, however, not detected in tissues treated with chitosan alone and was greatly reduced when G. Boninense was combined with this polymer. In vitro studies on antifungal activity of SA were done using concentrations ranging from 50 to 110 μg mL−1, those typically recorded in oil palm roots. SA was found to be antifungal (EC50 90–100 μg mL−1). The concentration of SA detected in root tissues, especially in the presence of chitosan, could inhibit growth of G. Boninense. The pathogen was shown to degrade SA in vitro. However, at the highest concentration tested, metabolism was greatly delayed, only occurring after a lag phase in pathogen growth. Accumulation of phenolic acids, especially SA, may prove a useful trait in breeding resistant oil palm cultivars.
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the role of syringic acid in the interaction between oil palm and Ganoderma Boninense the causal agent of basal stem rot
Plant Pathology, 2012Co-Authors: Khim Phin Chong, Markus Atong, Stephen RossallAbstract:Novel inoculation and assessment methods for Ganoderma Boninense infection of oil palm are reported. The involvement of phenolic acids in the interaction was examined. HPLC was used to monitor changes in the concentrations of three specific phenolics: syringic acid (SA), caffeic acid and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, identified as the main compounds that accumulated. The work reported here focuses on SA, the most antifungal of the molecules detected. The oil palm cv. AVROS, reported by local planters to be less susceptible than others, showed higher accumulation of SA than cvs Ekona and Calabar. Accumulation was promoted by addition of chitosan to the plant growing medium. By the end of the time-course, the concentration of SA decreased in the oil palm tissues inoculated with G. Boninense, suggesting possible metabolism by the pathogen. This loss was, however, not detected in tissues treated with chitosan alone and was greatly reduced when G. Boninense was combined with this polymer. In vitro studies on antifungal activity of SA were done using concentrations ranging from 50 to 110 μg mL−1, those typically recorded in oil palm roots. SA was found to be antifungal (EC50 90–100 μg mL−1). The concentration of SA detected in root tissues, especially in the presence of chitosan, could inhibit growth of G. Boninense. The pathogen was shown to degrade SA in vitro. However, at the highest concentration tested, metabolism was greatly delayed, only occurring after a lag phase in pathogen growth. Accumulation of phenolic acids, especially SA, may prove a useful trait in breeding resistant oil palm cultivars.
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the susceptibility of different varieties of oil palm seedlings to Ganoderma Boninense infection
Pakistan Journal of Botany, 2012Co-Authors: Khim Phin Chong, A Markus, Stephen RossallAbstract:Optimal yield production of oil palm in Malaysia and other countries of South East Asia are hampered by the presence of devastating Basal Stem Rot (BSR) disease caused by Ganoderma Boninense. For more than 40 years, Ganoderma remained to be the most serious problem in many areas in Malaysia and Indonesia. But unfortunately, there is no single reliable application in suppressing or controlling either the disease severity or a promising resistant variety of oil palm to this pathogen. AVROS is the most commonly planted oil palm variety in Sabah derived from the Dura x Psifera (D x P) and claimed to be more resistant to G. Boninense in comparison to other commercial varieties. In this paper the susceptibility of AVROS to G. Boninense is compared to two other varieties; Calabar and Ekona which have the same Dura but with African origin Psifera. In general, the accumulation of the ergosterol, a specific indicator associated with fungi, increased significantly throughout the study in all the three varieties indicating increasing of infection. Varieties of Ekona and Calabar were found to be more susceptible to G. Boninense based on the higher content of ergosterol found in root compared to AVROS at week four, five and six. The ergosterol results are also supported by the disease severity score as described by Horsfall and Barratt, 1945 which shown Calabar and Ekona scored higher than AVROS in the infection.
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first identification of Ganoderma Boninense isolated from sabah based on pcr and sequence homology
African Journal of Biotechnology, 2011Co-Authors: Khim Phin Chong, Markus Atong, Mok Sam Lum, Chee Woh Foong, Clemente Michael Vui Ling Wong, Stephen RossallAbstract:Basal stem rot (BSR) of oil palm ( Elaeis guineensis ) is caused by Ganoderma Boninense , and, commercially, is one of the most devastating diseases in South East Asia. Losses of more than 80% of stands by the time they are halfway through their normal economic life have been reported. High incidence of BSR results in economic losses due to zero yields from dead palms and significantly reduced weight and number of fruit bunches in infected but living palms. Due to the importance of oil palm industry to Malaysia’s economy, the transfer of any materials that are related to Ganoderma is strictly prohibited from Peninsular Malaysia to Sabah and Sarawak. No basic identification method using molecular techniques for the identification of G. Boninense exist in this study for G. Boninense isolates from Sabah. The only report on this pathogens isolate in Sabah was based on their morphology and pathogencity. In conjunction with the morphological similarities among the different isolates, there are numerous opinions on the aggressiveness of the pathogen in Sabah. The isolates of G. Boninense from Sabah were claimed to be less aggressive compared to those from Peninsular Malaysia. This may be due to lower incidence of BSR in Sabah and Sarawak compared to Peninsular Malaysia. Since the oil palm industry is a fast income-generating tool, data related to it may be highly sensitive. Researchers, plantation managers and entrepreneurs are not forthcoming with the information on oil palm genetic materials or isolates of G. Boninense with others. The current speculations on the Sabah isolates need further investigation. In this study, we report the identity of isolates Ganoderma from Langkon Oil Palm Estate in Sabah, Malaysia. The identity of these isolates was confirmed using DNA sequence analysis after PCR amplification. The latter method shows that the Sabah isolates were very similar to aggressive G. Boninense strains FA5017 or FA5035 from West Malaysia, with a maximum similarity of 98%. Key words: Aggressive, FA5017, FA5035, G1_5, isolate.
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HPC fingerprints and in vitro antimicrobial activity of syringic acid, caffeic acid and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid against Ganoderma Boninense.
Journal of Applied Sciences, 2011Co-Authors: Khim Phin Chong, Stephen Rossall, Markus AtongAbstract:This study discusses the in vitro antimicrobial activity and fungitoxicity of syringic acid, caffeic acid and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid which is found in oil palm root. The presence of these phenolics were first confirmed with the injection of standards using HPLC in a gradient system developed with methanol and 0.1% phosphoric acid. Experiments were observed for fourteen days, repeated at least three times and data were recorded daily. The antimicrobial activities and fungitoxicity of the phenolics against Ganoderma Boninense were expressed in inhibition of radial growth of G. Boninense on PDA ameliorated with the three different phenolics with a range concentration of 0.5-2.5 mg mL¯¹. Syringic acid was found to be very fungitoxic to G. Boninense even at concentration of 0.5 mg mL-1, the lowest concentration tested in this experiment. When the concentration is increase to 1.0 mg mL¯¹ of syringic acid, the pathogen is inhibited. Caffeic acid and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid were having inhibitory effect with the highest concentration tested; 2.5 mg mL¯¹ strongly inhibited the growth of G. Boninense in comparison to the control.
Yit Kheng Goh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Scytalidium parasiticum sp. nov., a New Species Parasitizing on Ganoderma Boninense Isolated from Oil Palm in Peninsular Malaysia
2016Co-Authors: Yit Kheng Goh, Teikkhiang Goh, Nurul Fadhilah Marzuki, Hun Jiat Tung, You Keng Goh, Perak Darul RidzuanAbstract:Abstract A mycoparasite, Scytalidium parasiticum sp. nov., isolated from the basidiomata of Ganoderma Boninense causing basal stem rot of oil palm in Johor, Malaysia, is described and illustrated. It is distinct from other Scytalidium species in having smaller asci and ascospores (teleomorphic stage), longer arthroconidia (anamorphic stage), hyaline to yellowish chlamydospores, and producing a fluorescent pigment. The phylogenetic position of S. parasiticum was determined by sequence analyses of the internal transcribed spacers and the small-subunit ribosomal RNA gene regions. A key to identify Scytalidium species with teleomorphic stage is provided
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mycoparasitic scytalidium parasiticum as a potential biocontrol agent against Ganoderma Boninense basal stem rot in oil palm
Biocontrol Science and Technology, 2016Co-Authors: Yit Kheng Goh, Teikkhiang Goh, Nurul Fadhilah Marzuki, You Keng Goh, Suet Yee Tan, Kah Joo GohAbstract:ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to assess the interactions between Scytalidium parasiticum (Sp) and Ganoderma Boninense, the causal agent of basal stem rot (BSR) in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis). When compared with Scytalidium ganodermophthorum and Scytalidium sphaerosporum, Sp showed greater inhibition towards all Ganoderma isolates during dual-culture assays. At the interaction zone, coiling of host hyphae, formation of short lateral enlarged contact structures, and production of appressorium-like organs organs were observed in Sp on G. Boninense. These were followed by the degradation, shrinkage, and deformation of G. Boninense mycelia. Sp reduced mycelial survival and fruiting body regeneration of G. Boninense. Sp's non-volatile metabolites suppressed the growth of G. Boninense. Our results show that Sp could be a necrotrophic mycoparasite of G. Boninense. Nursery experiments revealed that Sp was non-pathogenic to oil palm seedlings, and it could suppress Ganoderma infection and reduce disease ...
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scytalidium parasiticum sp nov a new species parasitizing on Ganoderma Boninense isolated from oil palm in peninsular malaysia
Mycobiology, 2015Co-Authors: Yit Kheng Goh, Teikkhiang Goh, Nurul Fadhilah Marzuki, Hun Jiat Tung, You Keng Goh, Kah Joo GohAbstract:A mycoparasite, Scytalidium parasiticum sp. nov., isolated from the basidiomata of Ganoderma Boninense causing basal stem rot of oil palm in Johor, Malaysia, is described and illustrated. It is dis...
Nor Azah Yusof - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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detection of stress induced by Ganoderma Boninense infection in oil palm leaves using reduced graphene oxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles screen printed carbon electrode
IEEE Sensors Journal, 2020Co-Authors: Nurhamizah Rahmat, Roozbeh Hushiarian, Nor Azah Yusof, Wong Muiyun, Azizul Isha, Fowotade Sulayman AkanbiAbstract:A modified carbon electrode has been successfully developed in this study using reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) as surface modifiers. This disposable modified screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) was fabricated to be used as a sensing material in order to detect stress in oil palms leaves induced by Ganoderma Boninense ( G. Boninense) infection. The electrochemical signals received from the healthy and stress leaves crude extracts were studied using the differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) technique. The results showed that the ZnO-NPs/rGO/SPCE established a good correlation coefficient ( ${R}^{2}$ ) of stress leaves crude extracts at 14 and 30 days post-infection of G. Boninense ( $_{14I} {R}^{2}= {0.9652}$ and $_{30I}{R}^{2}= {0.9710}$ ) with a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.75 mg/ $\text{L}_{14I}$ and 3.23 mg/ $\text{L}_{30I}$ , respectively.
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metabolites identification of oil palm roots infected with Ganoderma Boninense using gc ms based metabolomics
Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 2020Co-Authors: Azizul Isha, Nor Azah Yusof, Siti Nor Akmar Abdullah, Khozirah Shaari, Rosiah Osman, Mui-yun WongAbstract:Abstract An approach to metabolomics profiling of non-infected and Ganoderma Boninense (G. boninsense) infected oil palm roots crude extracts that utilize gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and multivariate statistics of principal component analysis (PCA) have been tested. This combination has provided a rapid approach in investigating the changes in the metabolite variations of non-infected and infected oil palm roots at 14 and 30 days post-infection. The extracts were prepared by using 80% (v/v) of methanol. In identifying the metabolites responsible for each differentiation, PCA model was generated in loading bi-plot. Dimethyl benzene-1,4-dicarboxylate, methyl 3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate, ergost-5-en-3-ol, (3β), stigmast-5-en-3-ol, (3β), stigmasterol, methyl hexadecanoate, methyl (9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dienoate, methyl octadecanoate, 2-(hydroxymethyl)-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol, methyl (Z)-octadec-6-enoate and (E)-icos-5-ene were found more abundant in G. Boninense infected roots than in non-infected roots. Steroidal compounds and fatty acid derivatives which has been determined in the non-infected and G. Boninense infected roots regulate a variety of responses to the G. Boninense. The abundant of these metabolites in G. Boninense infected roots are due to the crucial roles in pathogen defence.
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enhanced fungicidal efficacy on Ganoderma Boninense by simultaneous co delivery of hexaconazole and dazomet from their chitosan nanoparticles
RSC Advances, 2019Co-Authors: Farhatun Najat Maluin, Nor Azah Yusof, Mohd Zobir Hussein, Idris Abu Seman, Sharida Fakurazi, Nur Hailini Zainol Hilmi, Leona Daniela Jeffery DaimAbstract:The excessive use of fungicides may be of environmental and health concerns. Hence, to overcome this problem, chitosan as a controlled release matrix was used in this work to encapsulate the fungicide for the development of enhanced fungicide nanodelivery system. In this proposed study, dual-loaded fungicides (hexaconazole and dazomet) were simultaneously encapsulated into chitosan nanoparticles as an antifungal agent on Ganoderma Boninense (G. Boninense). In this work, we report the synthesis and characterization of the nanoparticles prepared using various concentrations of the crosslinking agent of sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP); 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 mg mL−1, which resulted in the nanoparticles of CHDEN2.5, CHDEN5, CHDEN10, and CHDEN20, respectively. The effect of TPP on the synthesized nanoparticle size revealed that an increase of TPP resulted in smaller particles, which in turn play a crucial role in controlling G. Boninense growth. CHDEN20 shows the highest antifungal efficacy with the lowest half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) on G. Boninense. The formulated nanocarrier system of fungicide aims to enhance the efficient delivery of the active ingredients to the target site, able to sustain in it for a longer time, and consequently improve the fungicide efficacy in combating the basal stem rot disease in oil palm.
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an nmr metabolomics approach and detection of Ganoderma Boninense infected oil palm leaves using mwcnt based electrochemical sensor
Journal of Nanomaterials, 2019Co-Authors: Azizul Isha, Nor Azah Yusof, Wong Muiyun, Rosiah Osman, Fowotade Sulayman Akanbi, Siti Nor Akmar AbdullahAbstract:Ganoderma Boninense (G. Boninense) has been identified as a major problem in oil palm industry which caused basal stem rot disease. Identification of metabolite variation of healthy and G. Boninense-infected oil palm leaves at 14 days postinfection using NMR metabolomics approach followed by characterization of an electrochemical sensor based on a functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) layer-by-layer framework on modified screen-printed carbon electrode has been successfully determined. Significant differences from the 1H NMR data were observed between healthy and G. Boninense-infected oil palm leaves, according to principal component analysis. Gold nanoparticle-functionalized MWCNT and chitosan-functionalized MWCNT were deposited on a screen-printed carbon electrode and were applied for the electrochemical detection of healthy and G. Boninense-infected oil palm leaves. The electrocatalytic activities of a modified electrode towards oxidation of healthy and G. Boninense-infected oil palm leaves at a concentration of 100 mg/L were evaluated using cyclic voltammetry and linear sweep voltammetry. The limits of detection of healthy and G. Boninense-infected oil palm leaves were calculated to 0.0765 mg/L and 0.0414 mg/L, respectively. The modified electrode shows a good sensitivity and reproducibility due to the unique characteristics of gold nanoparticles, chitosan, MWCNTs, and synergistic interaction between them.
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enhanced electrochemical sensing of secondary metabolites in oil palms for early detection of Ganoderma Boninense based on novel nanoparticle chitosan functionalized multi walled carbon nanotube platform
Sensing and bio-sensing research, 2019Co-Authors: Sulayman Akanbi Fowotade, Nor Azah Yusof, Jaafar Abdullah, Yusran Sulaiman, Siti Fatimah Abd RahmanAbstract:Abstract Ganoderma Boninense, the causative fungal of basal stem rot disease in oil palms caused a major loss of revenue in leading palm oil producing countries in Southeast Asia. The late stage identification of the infected trees may not be able to respond to any treatment given. Therefore, the detection of secondary metabolites (SMs) which are synthesized de novo after Ganoderma Boninense attack had the potential to be used as biomarker to identify the infected trees at the initial step of disease. The sensing of secondary metabolites could become a key factor in developing new strategy in early treatment of disease infection in oil palm plantation. In this regard, a new electrochemical sensor using functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) modified screen printed carbon electrode is developed for fast and sensitive detection of SMs in oil palms. Measurements were carried out in different root secondary metabolites sample solutions extracted from healthy and infected oil palms based on cyclic voltammetric observation with optimized conditions of 180 s accumulation time, −0.52 V accumulations potential and 0.60 V/s scan rate. The combination of MWCNTs and gold nanoparticles mixed with chitosan nanoparticles promotes the amplifying of the detection sensitivity. The newly developed electrode revealed satisfactory linear oxidative peak current response over the set concentration range of 0.1 to 0.5 ppm with coefficient of regression ranging from 0.9433 to 0.9996. The limit of detection is between 7.87 ppb and 18.54 ppb for all the SMs samples analyzed. The proposed sensor displayed good sensitivity, selectivity and reproducibility, making it as a potential method for early detection of oil palm disease through electrochemical detection.
