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Wendy Wood - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • social role theory of sex differences
    The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Gender and Sexuality Studies, 2016
    Co-Authors: Alice H Eagly, Wendy Wood
    Abstract:

    Social role theory is a social psychological theory that pertains to sex differences and similarities in social behavior. Its key principle is that differences and similarities arise primarily from the distribution of men and women into social roles within their society. Through socialization and the formation of Gender roles, the behaviors of men and women generally support and sustain the Division of labor. In industrialized economies, for example, social roles are organized so that women are more likely than men to be homemakers and primary caretakers of children and to hold caretaking jobs in the paid economy. In contrast, men are more likely than women to be primary family providers and to assume full-time roles in the paid economy, often ones that involve physical strength, assertiveness, or leadership skills. Keywords: Gender; Gender difference; Gender analysis; Gender Division of labor; Gender equality

  • The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Gender and Sexuality Studies - Social Role Theory of Sex Differences
    The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Gender and Sexuality Studies, 2016
    Co-Authors: Alice H Eagly, Wendy Wood
    Abstract:

    Social role theory is a social psychological theory that pertains to sex differences and similarities in social behavior. Its key principle is that differences and similarities arise primarily from the distribution of men and women into social roles within their society. Through socialization and the formation of Gender roles, the behaviors of men and women generally support and sustain the Division of labor. In industrialized economies, for example, social roles are organized so that women are more likely than men to be homemakers and primary caretakers of children and to hold caretaking jobs in the paid economy. In contrast, men are more likely than women to be primary family providers and to assume full-time roles in the paid economy, often ones that involve physical strength, assertiveness, or leadership skills. Keywords: Gender; Gender difference; Gender analysis; Gender Division of labor; Gender equality

Susana V Siar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • knowledge Gender and resources in small scale fishing the case of honda bay palawan philippines
    Environmental Management, 2003
    Co-Authors: Susana V Siar
    Abstract:

    The coastal zone is a place of intense activity where resources, users, and resource-use practices interact. This case study of small-scale fisheries in Honda Bay, Palawan, Philippines shows that resources, space, and Gender are intertwined. The study was conducted between June 1997 and July 1998. The data were gathered using free listing, pile sort, ranking, resource mapping, and key informant interviews. The results showed that women's knowledge about fishery resources and their fishing activities are associated with the intertidal zone whereas men's knowledge is associated with coral reefs. In classifying fishery resources, appearance is the main consideration for women whereas a combination of appearance, habitat, and type of fishing gear is the consideration used by men. Market price is very important because of its dependence on the demand of the export market as well as the local market. Women dominate the buying of fishery products. Many women market their husband's catch, process fish, or gather shells and sea cucumber for sale. Among the fishing households, type of fishing gear provides an indication of socioeconomic standing. This paper concludes that access to resources is shaped by Gender and age. The differences in resource knowledge possessed by men and women lead to differential access to fishery resources. In addition, the differences in socioeconomic status also influence resource access. The socialization of children into fishing reinforces the Gender Division of labor and space in the coastal zone.

Marcus W Feldman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • out migration of young adults and Gender Division of intergenerational support in rural china
    Research on Aging, 2012
    Co-Authors: Lu Song, Marcus W Feldman
    Abstract:

    Using data from the baseline and follow-up surveys of Well-Being of Elderly in Anhui Province, China, conducted in 2001, 2003, and 2006 by the Institute for Population and Development Studies of Xi’an Jiaotong University, the authors use random-effects models to explore the Gender Division of intergenerational support of the elderly in rural families. Analyses by parents’ and children’s Gender suggest that there are Gender differences in intergenerational support because of Gender roles and Divisions in families. The analysis shows that older mothers receive more returns, which reciprocates their support, while older fathers benefit more from the out-migration of adult children. Although sons take more responsibility for family support, daughters reciprocate support from their elderly parents more. Enhancement of the role and function of daughters in families has accompanied the out-migration of young adults and suggests that Gender differences in intergenerational support between sons and daughters have ...

Janeen Baxter - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • inequalities in unpaid work a cross national comparison
    2016
    Co-Authors: Janeen Baxter, Tsuio Tai
    Abstract:

    This chapter reviews the main theoretical perspectives and key recent empirical research on the Gender Division of housework. We focus on unpaid housework, but where relevant also consider childcare. The chapter starts with an overview of research on time use in households and examines variation in domestic work time in relation to individual and household characteristics and across countries. We then review the main theoretical arguments advanced to explain the continuing Gender Division of household labor focusing on recent developments and debates. Finally we examine the consequences of Gender Divisions in household labor for wellbeing focusing on time pressure, work-family conflict and general happiness using data from the International Social Survey Program. Our empirical findings show that women continue to spend more time on housework than men and have a larger share of routine housework. In addition, housework time increases perceived time pressure and work-family conflict and decreases women’s happiness.

  • pathways into marriage cohabitation and the domestic Division of labor
    Journal of Family Issues, 2010
    Co-Authors: Janeen Baxter, Michele Haynes, Belinda Hewitt
    Abstract:

    Does time spent in a cohabiting relationship prior to marriage lead to more egalitarian housework arrangements after marriage? Previous research has shown that housework patterns within cohabiting relationships are more egalitarian than in marital relationships. But do these patterns remain when couples marry? The findings from previous studies are mixed. This article uses three waves of data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey to examine changes in men’s and women’s time spent on housework as they transition into marriage. The results show that men’s housework hours remain stable regardless of life course pathway, and for women there is only minimal evidence that different pathways into marriage lead to different housework outcomes. The article concludes that the Gender Division of labor is developed well before the formation of a union and that the pathway to marriage has a relatively small effect on housework patterns after marriage.

  • Paid and Unpaid Work in Australian Households: Trends in the Gender Division of Labour, 1986-2005
    Australian Journal of Labour Economics, 2009
    Co-Authors: Jennifer Chesters, Janeen Baxter, Mark Western
    Abstract:

    Changes in labour force participation rates of men and women over the last three decades raise questions about how men and women manage the combined responsibilities of paid and unpaid work. In the majority of couple families both partners are now engaged in paid employment highlighting the necessity to consider both paid and unpaid work when examining household Divisions of labour. In this study, we use data collected in three national Australian surveys in 1986, 1993 and 2005 to examine the combined paid and unpaid workloads of men and women in dual-earner families. We find that the Gender gap in men’s and women’s combined workloads has narrowed with men and women having similar loads when both are employed full-time. But this pattern does not hold for households with dependent children. We conclude that parenthood is a constraint on equality in the Division of labour within Australian households.

  • Paid and unpaid Work in Australian households: Towards an understanding of the new Gender Division of labour
    2008
    Co-Authors: Jennifer Chesters, Janeen Baxter, Mark Western
    Abstract:

    Recent changes in the labour force participation rates of men and women give rise to new questions regarding the Division of labour in Australian families. Over the last few decades we have seen a marked increase in the labour force participation rates of women and a decline in the labour force participation rates of men. In the majority of households both partners are now engaged in paid employment. Our research, and that of others, has shown that these changing labour force participation rates have not automatically led to a radical reorganisation of the domestic Division of labour, suggesting that women are adding their paid work hours to their unpaid work hours, effectively doing a ‘second shift’. Therefore, it is timely to consider how couples divide total work for the household, that is, the combination of paid and unpaid work. In this study, we use data collected in a 2005 national Australian survey to examine whether women in dual earner families have higher total workloads than men in dual earner families. We find that in “new traditional” households women continue to undertake a larger proportion of unpaid work. In dual full-time earner households, however the Gender gap in men’s and women’s total workload is far less evident. We conclude that the second shift is most apparent in “new traditional” households. In dual full-time earner households on the other hand, there is a new Gender Division of labour that reflects women’s declining involvement in unpaid work and increased involvement in paid work.

  • patterns of change and stability in the Gender Division of household labour in australia 1986 1997
    Journal of Sociology, 2002
    Co-Authors: Janeen Baxter
    Abstract:

    Recent research in Australia and overseas has suggested that we are witnessing a convergence of men's and women's time on domestic labour activities. But there is disagreement about whether this is due to women reducing their time on housework or men increasing their time on housework. This article addresses these issues using national survey data collected in Australia in 1986, 1993 and 1997. The results show some changes in the proportional responsibilities of men and women in the home with men reporting a greater share of traditional indoor activities. But overall both men and women are spending less time on housework. In particular, women's time on housework has declined by six hours per week since 1986. Hence, while the Gender gap between men's and women's involvement in the home is getting smaller, it is not the result of men increasing their share of the load, but is due to the large decline in women's time spent on domestic labour. There is also evidence of change in the relationship. between paid and unpaid work for women. Women's hours of,paid labour had a greater impact on their involvement in domestic labour in 1997 compared to a decade earlier. The article concludes that women's increased labour force involvement in combination with changing patterns and styles, of consumption is leading to some changes in the Gender-Division:of household labour, but not in the direction anticipated by earlier commentators on the domestic Division of labour.

Alice H Eagly - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • social role theory of sex differences
    The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Gender and Sexuality Studies, 2016
    Co-Authors: Alice H Eagly, Wendy Wood
    Abstract:

    Social role theory is a social psychological theory that pertains to sex differences and similarities in social behavior. Its key principle is that differences and similarities arise primarily from the distribution of men and women into social roles within their society. Through socialization and the formation of Gender roles, the behaviors of men and women generally support and sustain the Division of labor. In industrialized economies, for example, social roles are organized so that women are more likely than men to be homemakers and primary caretakers of children and to hold caretaking jobs in the paid economy. In contrast, men are more likely than women to be primary family providers and to assume full-time roles in the paid economy, often ones that involve physical strength, assertiveness, or leadership skills. Keywords: Gender; Gender difference; Gender analysis; Gender Division of labor; Gender equality

  • The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Gender and Sexuality Studies - Social Role Theory of Sex Differences
    The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Gender and Sexuality Studies, 2016
    Co-Authors: Alice H Eagly, Wendy Wood
    Abstract:

    Social role theory is a social psychological theory that pertains to sex differences and similarities in social behavior. Its key principle is that differences and similarities arise primarily from the distribution of men and women into social roles within their society. Through socialization and the formation of Gender roles, the behaviors of men and women generally support and sustain the Division of labor. In industrialized economies, for example, social roles are organized so that women are more likely than men to be homemakers and primary caretakers of children and to hold caretaking jobs in the paid economy. In contrast, men are more likely than women to be primary family providers and to assume full-time roles in the paid economy, often ones that involve physical strength, assertiveness, or leadership skills. Keywords: Gender; Gender difference; Gender analysis; Gender Division of labor; Gender equality