The Experts below are selected from a list of 170571 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Gilles Edan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Cytokines in Genetic Susceptibility to multiple sclerosis: a candidate gene approach
    Journal of neuroimmunology, 2000
    Co-Authors: J. Reboul, C. Mertens, Florence Levillayer, Sophie Eichenbaum-voline, Thomas Vilkoren, I. Cournu, Marie-claude Babron, Olivier Lyon-caen, Françoise Clerget-darpoux, Gilles Edan
    Abstract:

    The immune system is involved in the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis (MS) but the initiating antigen(s) is not yet identified. Since cytokines control both the intensity and the quality of the immune response they may be relevant candidates for the Genetic Susceptibility to MS. To analyze the contribution of type 1 and type 2 cytokine and cytokine receptor genes in the Genetic Susceptibility to MS, we have examined, in 116 French MS sibpairs, whether there is significant linkage between MS and 15 cytokine or cytokine receptor genes using 31 highly polymorphic Genetic markers. The data were analyzed using the maximum likelihood score and the transmission disequilibrium approaches. None of the candidate genes tested was significantly linked to MS on the whole population. However, after stratification of the analysis on the basis of sharing (or not) of the HLA-DRB1*1501 allele, indication of linkage was found for the IL2-RB gene. These findings suggest that the IL2-RB locus contributes to the Genetic Susceptibility in a subgroup of MS patients.

Andrzej S. Krolewski - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Genetic Susceptibility and the role of hypertension in diabetic nephropathy.
    Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension, 1997
    Co-Authors: Damian Fogarty, Andrzej S. Krolewski
    Abstract:

    Evidence exists to suggest that some individuals with diabetes have a Genetic predisposition to diabetic nephropathy. Cases of nephropathy cluster in families and a parental history of hypertension, cardiovascular disease and diabetes is more common in patients with diabetic nephropathy. Current evidence favours a role for hypertension in the Genetic Susceptibility to diabetic nephropathy. This review focuses on the recent evidence for Genetic Susceptibility, the role and mechanisms of hypertension in the predisposition to nephropathy and the potential of a novel sib-pair approach to identify Susceptibility genes.

  • Genetic Susceptibility to diabetic kidney disease: An update
    Journal of diabetes and its complications, 1995
    Co-Authors: Andrzej S. Krolewski, James H. Warram
    Abstract:

    Various types of evidence supporting the hypothesis of Genetic Susceptibility to diabetic kidney disease (DKD) are reviewed. Three groups of studies were distinguished: (1) epidemiologic and family studies, (2) studies of phenotypic markers/predictors, and (3) studies of DNA markers. Although all of these studies point to the existence of Susceptibility to DKD, further research is required. Particularly needed are studies that examine the mechanisms of interaction between Genetic Susceptibility to DKD and poor glycemic control, and studies to identify specific molecular mechanisms underlying this Susceptibility.

David C. Christiani - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Genetic Susceptibility to occupational exposures
    Occupational and environmental medicine, 2008
    Co-Authors: David C. Christiani, Amar J. Mehta
    Abstract:

    Because of their high prevalence in the general population, Genetic variants that determine Susceptibility to environmental exposures may contribute greatly to the development of occupational diseases in the setting of specific exposures occurring in the workplace. Studies investigating Genetic susceptibilities in the workplace may: (1) provide mechanistic insight into the aetiology of disease, in particular the determination of environmentally responsive genes; (2) identify susceptible subpopulations with respect to exposure; and (3) provide valuable input in setting occupational exposure limits by taking Genetic Susceptibility into account. Polymorphisms in the NAT2 and the HLA-DPB1(G)(lu69) genes provide classic examples of how Genetic Susceptibility markers have a clear role in identifying disease risk in bladder cancer and chronic beryllium disease, respectively. For diseases with more complex and multifactorial aetiology such as occupational asthma and chronic airways disease, Susceptibility studies for selected Genetic polymorphisms provide additional insight into the biological mechanisms of disease. Even when polymorphisms for Genetic Susceptibility have a clear role in identifying disease risk, the value of wide scale Genetic screening in occupational settings remains limited due to primarily ethical and social concerns. Thus, large scale Genetic screening in the workplace is not currently recommended.

  • Genetic Susceptibility to tobacco-related cancer
    Oncogene, 2004
    Co-Authors: Hua Zhao, Rebecca Suk, David C. Christiani
    Abstract:

    Although cigarette smoking is the dominant risk factor for several epithelial cancers, only a small fraction of individuals with tobacco exposure develop cancer. The underlying hypothesis is that Genetic factors may render certain smokers more susceptible to cancer than others. Genetic alterations in critical regulatory pathways may predispose cells to carcinogenesis. These pathways include regulation of xenobiotic metabolism; control of genomic stability, including DNA repair mechanisms, cell-cycle checkpoints, apoptosis and telomere length; and control of microenvironmental factors, such as matrix metalloproteinases, inflammation and growth factors. In addition, epiGenetic events, such as promoter hypermethylation and loss of imprinting, are also involved in carcinogenesis. In this review, we will summarize recent advances in Genetic Susceptibility to tobacco-related cancer. Emphasizing on risk assessment, we will describe how Genetic variations in the above-mentioned Genetic pathways modify the tobacco-related cancer risk. In addition, we will discuss how Genetic variations may assist in predicting clinical outcome, such as the natural history of cancer and treatment response. The measurements of Genetic Susceptibility by both genotypic and phenotypic assays are covered in the text. Finally, we present a number of current concerns that need to be addressed as the exciting field of molecular cancer epidemiology advances rapidly.

  • Genetic Susceptibility to Benzene and Shortened Gestation: Evidence of Gene-Environment Interaction
    American journal of epidemiology, 2000
    Co-Authors: Xiaobin Wang, David C. Christiani, Dafang Chen, Tianhua Niu, Zhaoxi Wang, Lihua Wang, Louise Ryan, Thomas E. Smith, Barry Zuckerman
    Abstract:

    This study investigated whether the association between low level benzene exposure and shortened gestation is modified by two Susceptibility genes, CYP1A1 and GSTT1. This report includes 542 (302 nonexposed, 240 benzene-exposed) nonsmoking and nondrinking mothers of singleton live births at Beijing Yanshan Petrochemical Corporation between June 1995 and June 1997. Epidemiologic and clinical data and blood samples were obtained from mothers. Multiple linear regression models were used to estimate the associations of benzene exposure and Genetic Susceptibility with gestational age, adjusting for maternal age, education, parity, stress, passive smoking, prepregnancy weight and height, and infant's sex. Without consideration of genotype, benzene exposure was associated with a decrease in mean gestational age of 0.29 (standard error (SE), 0.12) week. When stratified by the maternal CYP1A1 genotype, the estimated decrease was 0.54 (SE, 0.12) week for the AA group, which was significantly greater (p = 0.003) than that for the Aa/aa group, which showed no decrease in gestational age. When both CYP1A1 and GSTT1 were considered, the greatest decrease was found among exposed mothers with the CYP1A1 AA-GSTT1 absent group (0.79 (SE, 0.25) week) and the CYP1A1 AA-GSTT1 present group (0.50 (SE, 0.22) week). Among the nonexposed, Genetic Susceptibility alone did not confer a significant adverse effect. This study provides evidence of gene-environment interaction and supports further assessment of the role of Genetic Susceptibility in the evaluation of reproductive toxins.

Yu Lin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The ontology of Genetic Susceptibility factors (OGSF) and its application in modeling Genetic Susceptibility to vaccine adverse events
    Journal of biomedical semantics, 2014
    Co-Authors: Yu Lin
    Abstract:

    Due to human variations in Genetic Susceptibility, vaccination often triggers adverse events in a small population of vaccinees. Based on our previous work on ontological modeling of Genetic Susceptibility to disease, we developed an Ontology of Genetic Susceptibility Factors (OGSF), a biomedical ontology in the domain of Genetic Susceptibility and Genetic Susceptibility factors. The OGSF framework was then applied in the area of vaccine adverse events (VAEs). OGSF aligns with the Basic Formal Ontology (BFO). OGSF defines ‘Genetic Susceptibility’ as a subclass of BFO:disposition and has a material basis ‘Genetic Susceptibility factor’. The ‘Genetic Susceptibility to pathological bodily process’ is a subclasses of ‘Genetic Susceptibility’. A VAE is a type of pathological bodily process. OGSF represents different types of Genetic Susceptibility factors including various Susceptibility alleles (e.g., SNP and gene). A general OGSF design pattern was developed to represent Genetic Susceptibility to VAE and associated Genetic Susceptibility factors using experimental results in Genetic association studies. To test and validate the design pattern, two case studies were populated in OGSF. In the first case study, human gene allele DBR*15:01 is susceptible to influenza vaccine Pandemrix-induced Multiple Sclerosis. The second case study reports Genetic Susceptibility polymorphisms associated with systemic smallpox VAEs. After the data of the Case Study 2 were represented using OGSF-based axioms, SPARQL was successfully developed to retrieve the Susceptibility factors stored in the populated OGSF. A network of data from the Case Study 2 was constructed by using ontology terms and individuals as nodes and ontology relations as edges. Different social network analysis (SNA) methods were then applied to verify core OGSF terms. Interestingly, a SNA hub analysis verified all Susceptibility alleles of SNPs and a SNA closeness analysis verified the Susceptibility genes in Case Study 2. These results validated the proper OGSF structure identified different ontology aspects with SNA methods. OGSF provides a verified and robust framework for representing various Genetic Susceptibility types and Genetic Susceptibility factors annotated from experimental VAE Genetic association studies. The RDF/OWL formulated ontology data can be queried using SPARQL and analyzed using centrality-based network analysis methods.

  • Ontology driven modeling for the knowledge of Genetic Susceptibility to disease.
    The Kobe journal of medical sciences, 2009
    Co-Authors: Yu Lin, Norihiro Sakamoto
    Abstract:

    For the machine helped exploring the relationships between Genetic factors and complex diseases, a well-structured conceptual framework of the background knowledge is needed. However, because of the complexity of determining a Genetic Susceptibility factor, there is no formalization for the knowledge of Genetic Susceptibility to disease, which makes the interoperability between systems impossible. Thus, the ontology modeling language OWL was used for formalization in this paper. After introducing the Semantic Web and OWL language propagated by W3C, we applied text mining technology combined with competency questions to specify the classes of the ontology. Then, an N-ary pattern was adopted to describe the relationships among these defined classes. Based on the former work of OGSF-DM (Ontology of Genetic Susceptibility Factors to Diabetes Mellitus), we formalized the definition of "Genetic Susceptibility", "Genetic Susceptibility Factor" and other classes by using OWL-DL modeling language; and a reasoner automatically performed the classification of the class "Genetic Susceptibility Factor". The ontology driven modeling is used for formalization the knowledge of Genetic Susceptibility to complex diseases. More importantly, when a class has been completely formalized in an ontology, the OWL reasoning can automatically compute the classification of the class, in our case, the class of "Genetic Susceptibility Factors". With more types of Genetic Susceptibility factors obtained from the laboratory research, our ontologies always needs to be refined, and many new classes must be taken into account to harmonize with the ontologies. Using the ontologies to develop the semantic web needs to be applied in the future.

Caryn Lerman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Priming, Family Smoking History, and News Story Believability on Inferences of Genetic Susceptibility to Tobacco Addiction
    2005
    Co-Authors: Joseph N. Cappella, Caryn Lerman, Anca Romantan, Lemi Baruh
    Abstract:

    Print news stories about Genetics convey information to the public. This study assesses the effects of priming a belief in Genetic Susceptibility to smoking addiction on smokers’ inferences about their own Susceptibility to smoking addiction, their efficacy to quit smoking, and their intention to get a Genetic test for addiction Susceptibility. Respondents were 450 young adult smokers surveyed on the telephone in a randomized experiment embedded in a questionnaire about cigarette smoking practices. In the priming condition, respondents heard a news story about genes for smoking addiction. In the unprimed condition, respondents heard a news story concerning the gender of the offspring of smokers. Priming with the Genetics news story did not affect respondents’ inferences about personal Genetic Susceptibility to smoking addiction. However, those finding the news story believable and having a strong family history of smoking were more likely to infer a greater personal Genetic Susceptibility.

  • Genetic Susceptibility testing in smoking-cessation treatment: One-year outcomes of a randomized trial
    Addictive behaviors, 1997
    Co-Authors: Janet Audrain, Neal R. Boyd, Joan Roth, David Main, Neil E. Caporaso, Caryn Lerman
    Abstract:

    This study evaluated the long-term impact of Genetic Susceptibility biomarker feedback on smoking behavior change and symptoms of depression in 426 male and female smokers. Smokers were randomized to one of three smoking-cessation interventions: minimal contact quit-smoking counseling (QSC), QSC + exposure biomarker feedback (EBF), and QSC + EBF + biomarker feedback about Genetic Susceptibility to lung cancer (SBF). The logistic regression model for quit attempt revealed a significant main effect for treatment such that participants in the SBF group were more than two times more likely to make a quit attempt than participants in the QSC group. There was not a significant difference between EBF and QSC participants. The results also revealed a significant effect for baseline stage of change. Those smokers in the preparation stage at baseline were more than three times more likely to make a quit attempt over the 12 months following treatment. The models for 30-day cessation and follow-up smoking rate revealed no significant main or interacting effects for treatment. A repeated measures analysis of variance revealed a significant main effect for time, indicating that an initial increase in depression in the Genetic Susceptibility group was not maintained over time. Genetic Susceptibility feedback has the intended effects on motivation to quit, but it may need to be delivered within a more intensive smoking-cessation treatment for the heightened motivation to translate into smoking cessation.