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Todd E. Shelly - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • pheromones male lures and trapping of tephritid fruit flies
    2014
    Co-Authors: Kenghong Tan, Eric B Jang, Ritsuo Nishida, Todd E. Shelly
    Abstract:

    Both sex pheromones and male lures appear to play an important role in the mating systems of many species of economically important tephritid species. Typically, stationary males emit pheromone attractive to searching females, and recent evidence indicates that naturally occurring male lures may function as precursors in pheromone synthesis. Here, we review (i) the basic biology of sex pheromones and the importance of naturally occurring male lures as pheromone components or precursors and (ii) the use of sex pheromones and male lures as trap baits, primarily in fruit fly detection programs, for the major genera of Anastrepha, Bactrocera, Ceratitis, Dacus, Rhagoletis, and Toxotrypana. Relatively few studies have examined the effectiveness of pheromone-based trapping, and most of these have involved only three species, the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), the Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens (Loew), and the Caribbean fruit fly, A. suspensa (Loew). In general, the results have been inconsistent, with traps baited with live males or male pheromone extracts or components attracting more females than blanks or food-baited traps in some studies but not in others. This inconsistency, along with the chemical complexity of pheromones and the multimodal nature of sexual communication (where olfaction is but one of several sensory channels used in male signaling and courtship), has limited research on the development of pheromone baits. Male lures, on the other hand, have proven incredibly useful and consistently effective trap baits. The major male lures – methyl eugenol, cue-lure/raspberry ketone, and trimedlure – are discussed as are possible replacements/modifications, such as fluorinated analogues of methyl eugenol, raspberry ketone formate, zingerone, ceralure, and enriched Ginger Root oil. In addition, we discuss various factors influencing the efficacy of male lures, including fly age, prior lure ingestion, selection for non-responsiveness, interspecific differences in responsiveness, and the use of liquid versus solid dispensers.

  • improving sterile male performance in support of programmes integrating the sterile insect technique against fruit flies
    Journal of Applied Entomology, 2013
    Co-Authors: Rui Pereira, Todd E. Shelly, D O Mcinnis, Pablo Liedo, Boaz Yuval, Peter E A Teal, Jorge Hendrichs
    Abstract:

    The sterile insect technique (SIT) is being applied against fruit fly pests in many areas of the world. Currently, factories have a capacity to produce several billion sterile insects per week, to irradiate them and to make them available for shipment to their destinations. There the emerging flies are fed and maintained for various periods of time in fly emergence and release facilities, and then collected for release. While much research effort has been invested in improving mass rearing and quality control procedures at the fly factory level, the post-factory handling of sterile flies has received much less attention. A 6-year FAO/ IAEA Coordinated Research Project (CRP) was initiated with the participation of 31 research institutes from 17 countries to assess and validate ways to improve sterile male performance through better management during the critical period that starts with the arrival of pupae at the fly emergence and release facility and ends with the release of the sterile flies in the field. This review summarizes the research that was conducted under the CRP focusing on fruit fly species from the genera Anastrepha, Bactrocera and Ceratitis against which the SIT is being applied. To increase the effectiveness of SIT programmes, exposure of sterile males to nutritional, hormonal and semiochemical supplements was assessed and improved handling and release methods tested. Incorporation of protein and juvenile hormone into pre-release diets significantly accelerated sterile male maturation and improved sexual performance among several species, while semiochemical treatments using Ginger Root oil or citrus oils in Ceratitis capitata and methyl eugenol in Bactrocera dorsalis complex species significantly increased sterile male mating competitiveness. Improved fly emergence, holding and release procedures were also assessed, together with the compilation of all this knowledge into a manual. Several of these findings have been transferred to and are being applied in operational programmes. J. Appl. Entomol.

  • detection of male mediterranean fruit flies diptera tephritidae performance of trimedlure relative to capilure and enriched Ginger Root oil
    2013
    Co-Authors: Todd E. Shelly
    Abstract:

    Females of the Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly), Ceratitis capitata (Wi- edemann), oviposit in a large number of fruits and vegetables and pose an enormous threat to agriculture worldwide. As a result, areas free of C. capitata often operate trapping programs to detect incipient infestations. Detection efforts rely heavily on trimedlure (TML), a male-specific attractant. Despite its wide acceptance, TML is not a particularly powerful attractant, and alternatives are being investigated. Capilure ® (CPL), which contains TML plus extenders to reduce production costs and volatility, and enriched Ginger Root oil (EGRO), which contains the male attractant α-copaene, have been compared with TML with varying results. The present study provides additional field data comparing the effectiveness of TML against CPL or EGRO as trap baits for wild C. ceratitis males in a Hawaiian cof- fee field. While traps baited with fresh TML or CPL generally captured similar numbers of male medflies, TML-baited traps generally captured significantly more male medflies than CPL-baited traps when the lures were aged 1, 3, 8, or 10 weeks. Likewise, traps baited with fresh TML or EGRO captured equal numbers of males, whereas significantly more males were captured in TML- than EGRO- baited when the lures were aged 3 or 6 weeks. Based on these results, neither CPL nor EGRO appears an adequate substitute for TML.

  • Exposure to Grapefruits and Grapefruit Oil Increases Male Mating Success in the Mediterranean Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae)
    2009
    Co-Authors: Todd E. Shelly
    Abstract:

    Exposure to certain plants or plant compounds may influence the mating success of male fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae). Earlier research demonstrated that males of the Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly), Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), exposed to Ginger Root oil (Zingiber officiale Roscoe), bark of the common guava (Psidium guajava L.), oranges (Citrus sinensis Osbeck) or orange oil obtain significantly more matings than non-exposed (control) males. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether male exposure to another Citrus species, the grapefruit C. para- disi Macfad., also resulted in increased mating competitiveness of male medflies. Consistent with the data from oranges, males exposed to grapefruits or grapefruit oil had a mating advantage over non-exposed (control) males. In addition, as reported for orange oil, males exposed to grapefruit oil displayed an elevated level of sexual signaling (pheromone-calling), which presumably contributed to their increased mat- ing frequency. The finding that grapefruit, a second Citrus species, produced similar effects as oranges suggests that citrus fruits, in general, may enhance the mating performance of male medflies.

  • mating success of male mediterranean fruit flies following exposure to two sources of α copaene manuka oil and mango
    Florida Entomologist, 2008
    Co-Authors: Todd E. Shelly, Amy N Cowan, James Edu, Elaine Pahio
    Abstract:

    Abstract Recent studies on the Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly), Ceratitis capitata (Wied.), have demonstrated an increase in male mating competitiveness following exposure to particular plant structures or products, including the fruit and fruit-derived oil of orange trees, the bark and fruits of guava trees, and Ginger Root oil. Although it is not known which compound(s) was responsible for the enhanced mating success, all the performance-boosting substances tested thus far contain the sesquiterpene hydrocarbon a-copaene, and α-copaene tested alone was found to increase mating success in male medflies. As the concentration of α-copaene and other terpenes vary among plant species, it is not known whether exposure to α-copaene-bearing plants (or their derived oils) will universally influence the mating behavior of male medflies. The goal of this study was to describe the results of mating trials conducted after male exposure to 2 previously untested sources of α-copaene, manuka oil (from the New Zealand m...

Dean E Brenner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • pilot clinical study of the effects of Ginger Root extract on eicosanoids in colonic mucosa of subjects at increased risk for colorectal cancer
    Molecular Carcinogenesis, 2015
    Co-Authors: Suzanna M Zick, Mack T Ruffin, Zora Djuric, Kim D Turgeon, Benjamin D Wright, Dean E Brenner
    Abstract:

    Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a significant cause of mortality. Inhibitors of cyclooxygenase (COX) and thus prostaglandin E2, are promising CRC preventives, but have significant toxicities. Ginger has been shown to inhibit COX, to decrease the incidence and multiplicity of adenomas, and decrease PGE2 concentrations in subjects at normal risk for CRC. This study was conducted to determine the effects of 2.0 g/d of Ginger given orally on the levels of PGE2, leukotriene B4 (LTB4), 13-hydroxy-octadecadienoic acids, and 5-, 12-, & 15-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid, in the colonic mucosa of subjects at increased risk for CRC. We randomized 20 subjects to 2.0 g/d Ginger or placebo for 28 d. At baseline and Day 28, a flexible sigmoidoscopy was used to obtain colon biopsies. A liquid chromatography mass spectrometry method was used to determine eicosanoid levels in the biopsies, and levels were expressed per amount of protein or free arachidonic acid (AA). There was a significant decrease in AA between baseline and Day 28 (P = 0.05) and significant increase in LTB4 (P = 0.04) when normalized to protein, in subjects treated with Ginger versus placebo. No other changes in eicosanoids were observed. There was no difference between the groups in total adverse events (AE; P = 0.06). Ginger lacks the ability to decrease eicosanoid levels in people at increased risk for CRC. Ginger did appear to be both tolerable and safe; and could have chemopreventive effects through other mechanisms. Further investigation should focus on other markers of CRC risk in those at increased CRC risk.

  • effect of Ginger Root on cyclooxygenase 1 and 15 hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase expression in colonic mucosa of humans at normal and increased risk for colorectal cancer
    European Journal of Cancer Prevention, 2013
    Co-Authors: Yan Jiang, Mack T Ruffin, Dean E Brenner, Benjamin D Wright, D K Turgeon, Elkhansa Sidahmed, Ananda Sen, Suzanna M Zick
    Abstract:

    Objectives Elevated tissue levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), produced by cyclooxygenase (COX) are an early event in colorectal cancer (CRC). Data suggest the efficacy of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAIDs) drugs, which inhibit COX activity, as cancer preventives; however, side effects of NSAIDs indicate unacceptable limitations. Ginger has been reported to have anti-inflammatory activities with significant CRC preventive potential. We investigated if consumption of 2.0 g Ginger daily regulated the level of two key enzymes, which control PGE2 production, COX-1 and NAD+- dependent 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH).

  • phase ii study of the effects of Ginger Root extract on eicosanoids in colon mucosa in people at normal risk for colorectal cancer
    Cancer Prevention Research, 2011
    Co-Authors: Suzanna M Zick, Mack T Ruffin, Zora Djuric, Kim D Turgeon, Benjamin D Wright, S Vareed, A J Litzinger, Daniel P Normolle, Sara Alrawi, Dean E Brenner
    Abstract:

    Inhibitors of COX indicate that upregulation of inflammatory eicosanoids produced by COX, and in particular prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), are early events in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). Ginger has shown downregulation of COX in vitro and decreased incidence/multiplicity of adenomas in rats. This study was conducted to determine if 2.0 g/d of Ginger could decrease the levels of PGE(2), 13-hydroxy-octadecadienoic acids, and 5-, 12-, and 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-, 12-, and 15-HETE), in the colon mucosa of healthy volunteers. To investigate this aim, we randomized 30 subjects to 2.0 g/d Ginger or placebo for 28 days. Flexible sigmoidoscopy at baseline and day 28 was used to obtain colon biopsies. A liquid chromatography mass spectrometry method was used to determine eicosanoid levels in the biopsies, and levels were expressed per protein or per free arachidonic acid. There were no significant differences in mean percent change between baseline and day 28 for any of the eicosanoids, when normalized to protein. There was a significant decrease in mean percent change in PGE(2) (P = 0.05) and 5-HETE (P = 0.04), and a trend toward significant decreases in 12-HETE (P = 0.09) and 15-HETE (P = 0.06) normalized to free arachidonic acid. There was no difference between the groups in terms of total adverse events P = 0.55). On the basis of these results, it seems that Ginger has the potential to decrease eicosanoid levels, perhaps by inhibiting their synthesis from arachidonic acid. Ginger also seemed to be tolerable and safe. Further investigation in people at high risk for CRC seems warranted.

  • phase ii study of the effects of Ginger Root extract on eicosanoids in colon mucosa in people at normal risk for colorectal cancer
    Cancer Prevention Research, 2011
    Co-Authors: Suzanna M Zick, Mack T Ruffin, Zora Djuric, Kim D Turgeon, Benjamin D Wright, S Vareed, A J Litzinger, Daniel P Normolle, Sara Alrawi, Dean E Brenner
    Abstract:

    Inhibitors of COX indicate that upregulation of inflammatory eicosanoids produced by COX, and in particular prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), are early events in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). Ginger has shown downregulation of COX in vitro and decreased incidence/multiplicity of adenomas in rats. This study was conducted to determine if 2.0 g/d of Ginger could decrease the levels of PGE2, 13-hydroxy-octadecadienoic acids, and 5-, 12-, and 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-, 12-, and 15-HETE), in the colon mucosa of healthy volunteers. To investigate this aim, we randomized 30 subjects to 2.0 g/d Ginger or placebo for 28 days. Flexible sigmoidoscopy at baseline and day 28 was used to obtain colon biopsies. A liquid chromatography mass spectrometry method was used to determine eicosanoid levels in the biopsies, and levels were expressed per protein or per free arachidonic acid. There were no significant differences in mean percent change between baseline and day 28 for any of the eicosanoids, when normalized to protein. There was a significant decrease in mean percent change in PGE2 (P = 0.05) and 5-HETE (P = 0.04), and a trend toward significant decreases in 12-HETE (P = 0.09) and 15-HETE (P = 0.06) normalized to free arachidonic acid. There was no difference between the groups in terms of total adverse events P = 0.55). On the basis of these results, it seems that Ginger has the potential to decrease eicosanoid levels, perhaps by inhibiting their synthesis from arachidonic acid. Ginger also seemed to be tolerable and safe. Further investigation in people at high risk for CRC seems warranted. Cancer Prev Res; 4(11); 1929–37. ©2011 AACR.

  • preventing cancer in the colon effect of Ginger Root extract on markers of inflammation in colon mucosa in people at high risk for colorectal cancer
    Journal of Clinical Oncology, 2011
    Co-Authors: Suzanna M Zick, Mack T Ruffin, Zora Djuric, D K Turgeon, S Vareed, A J Litzinger, B Wright, Daniel P Normolle, Dean E Brenner
    Abstract:

    1570 Background: Studies using drugs that inhibit cyclooxygenase enzymes (COX-1,-2) indicate that up-regulation of inflammatory eicasanoids, and in particular prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) are early events in the development of CRC. Ginger Root has demonstrated down regulation of COX-1,-2, apoptosis in CRC cell lines and decreased incidence and multiplicity of adenomas in rats. This study was conducted to determine if 2.0 g/day of Ginger extract could decrease the levels of PGE2, 5-,12-, & 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-,12-, & 15-HETE), 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (13-HODE) and Leukotriene B4 (LTB4), in the gut mucosa of people at increased risk of colorectal cancer when taken for 28 days. Methods: A total of 20 subjects were randomized to 2.0 g/day Ginger or placebo for 28 days. Flexible sigmoidoscopy at baseline and day 28 was used to obtain rectal biopsies. A liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method was used to simultaneously determine PGE2, 5-HETE, 12-HETE, 15-HETE, LTB4 and 13-HODE...

D O Mcinnis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • optimum dose of Ginger Root oil to treat sterile mediterranean fruit fly males diptera tephritidae
    Journal of Applied Entomology, 2013
    Co-Authors: B A J Paranhos, D O Mcinnis, C A T Gava, Renata Morelli, R M Castro, L Garziera, Lucas G Paranhos, Karen Zamboni Costa, Maria De Lourdes Zamboni Costa, Julio Marcos Melges Walder
    Abstract:

    The sterile insect technique (SIT) is widely used as part of an integrated approach to reduce field populations of the Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata, Diptera: Tephritidae). Aromatherapy based on exposure to Ginger Root oil (GRO) volatiles is known as a method to significantly improve the sexual performance of sterile medfly males, and is being used in many mass-rearing facilities around the world. However, the optimum dose of GRO is not well defined. This work evaluated in laboratory cages four different doses of GRO and a control (0, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5 and 0.75 ml/m3), and two different methods to hold flies prior to release (paper bags and plastic cages). The objective was to find the lowest dose that provides optimal improvement in mating performance of sterile males when competing with wild males for wild females and optimal reduction in fertility of wild females. Egg hatch, copula duration, the Relative Sterility Index (RSI), and a Competitiveness (C) value (based on RSI) were calculated for each treatment to assess male sexual performance and induction of sterility. The method used to hold flies did not influence the aromatherapy effect. The mean time spent by wild females in copula with wild males was significantly longer than with sterile males for all treatments, except when sterile males were treated with 0.1 ml of GRO/m3. Amongst all doses studied, it is recommended to apply the lowest dose, 0.1 ml of GRO/m3, since at this dose both the RSI and induced sterility reached the highest levels, and were not statistically different from the 0.25 and 0.5 GRO/m3 doses. Indeed, this dose showed a very significant improvement in the mating competitiveness of sterile males aromatically treated with GRO.

  • Ginger Root oil increases mating competitiveness of sterile mediterranean fruit fly diptera tephritidae in western australia
    Journal of Applied Entomology, 2013
    Co-Authors: E Steiner, D O Mcinnis, W Woods, J Lindsey, R Fogliani, R Soopaya
    Abstract:

    The exposure of sterile male Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) to the aroma of essential oil derived from Ginger Root Zingiber officinale Roscoe (GRO) has been shown in field cage trials to increase their mating success. This field cage study compared the mating performance of mass reared sterile Mediterranean fruit fly males prepared for ground release programmes under four different post-irradiation systems, two of which involved exposure of the flies to GRO aroma. In the first system, irradiated pupae were placed into non-vented 5-L paper tubs, individually aromatized by 20 μl of GRO (4 ml/m3) for 96–120 h until the adults were 2–3 days old. In the second system, irradiated pupae were placed in vented 5-L paper tubs, exposed for 24 h in a GRO aromatized room (0.5 ml/m3) when the adults were 3 days old and contained until required for mating tests at 5 days old. The third and fourth systems were the same as the first two systems respectively, except that the flies were not exposed to GRO aroma. Significant differences in mating success were found among treatments. The exposure of 2 to 3-day old flies to GRO aroma improved mating performance slightly compared with equivalent non-exposed flies, but it was still below the minimum value accepted under international standards, while 27% of unexposed 5-day-old sterile males mated and had competitiveness (Fried value 0.38) slightly above this minimum level. GRO exposed 5-day-old flies had the highest mating percentage (67%) and a level of competitiveness (Fried value 1.81) based on induced sterility above that of wild flies (Fried value 1). The results indicate that the effectiveness of sterile male ground release programmes can be increased significantly by releasing 5-day-old sterile males that have been exposed to GRO in an entirely aromatized adult fly holding room.

  • improving sterile male performance in support of programmes integrating the sterile insect technique against fruit flies
    Journal of Applied Entomology, 2013
    Co-Authors: Rui Pereira, Todd E. Shelly, D O Mcinnis, Pablo Liedo, Boaz Yuval, Peter E A Teal, Jorge Hendrichs
    Abstract:

    The sterile insect technique (SIT) is being applied against fruit fly pests in many areas of the world. Currently, factories have a capacity to produce several billion sterile insects per week, to irradiate them and to make them available for shipment to their destinations. There the emerging flies are fed and maintained for various periods of time in fly emergence and release facilities, and then collected for release. While much research effort has been invested in improving mass rearing and quality control procedures at the fly factory level, the post-factory handling of sterile flies has received much less attention. A 6-year FAO/ IAEA Coordinated Research Project (CRP) was initiated with the participation of 31 research institutes from 17 countries to assess and validate ways to improve sterile male performance through better management during the critical period that starts with the arrival of pupae at the fly emergence and release facility and ends with the release of the sterile flies in the field. This review summarizes the research that was conducted under the CRP focusing on fruit fly species from the genera Anastrepha, Bactrocera and Ceratitis against which the SIT is being applied. To increase the effectiveness of SIT programmes, exposure of sterile males to nutritional, hormonal and semiochemical supplements was assessed and improved handling and release methods tested. Incorporation of protein and juvenile hormone into pre-release diets significantly accelerated sterile male maturation and improved sexual performance among several species, while semiochemical treatments using Ginger Root oil or citrus oils in Ceratitis capitata and methyl eugenol in Bactrocera dorsalis complex species significantly increased sterile male mating competitiveness. Improved fly emergence, holding and release procedures were also assessed, together with the compilation of all this knowledge into a manual. Several of these findings have been transferred to and are being applied in operational programmes. J. Appl. Entomol.

  • field dispersal and survival of sterile medfly males aromatically treated with Ginger Root oil
    Environmental Entomology, 2010
    Co-Authors: B A J Paranhos, D O Mcinnis, Nikos T Papadopoulos, C A T Gava, Fabiana Soares Cariri Lopes, Renata Morelli, Aldo Malavasi
    Abstract:

    ABSTRACT We studied the dispersal behavior and survival of sterile medfly males either treated or not with Ginger Root oil (GRO), in field conditions, in Petrolina-PE, northeast Brazil, from May 2006 to December 2007 in a sterile insect technique (SIT) program. The tsl strain Vienna 8 from the Ceratitis capitata Wied. (Diptera: Tephritidae), medfly, mass-rearing facility located in Juazeiro-BA, Brazil, was used. The results showed that sterile males either exposed or not to GRO exhibit similar dispersal behavior and postrelease survival. More than 60% of the sterile males, either treated or not treared wth GRO, were recovered at a 25-m distance from the releasing point, ≈20% at 50 m, and 5% in traps situated 100 m from the releasing point. Around 90% of the sterile males, exposed or not to GRO, were recovered 5 d after release of the sterile male individuals, whereas <1% were recovered after 11 d. Our results imply that Ginger Root oil can be used to treat sterile medfly males without interfering with the...

  • aromatherapy on a large scale exposing entire adult holding rooms to Ginger Root oil increases the mating competitiveness of sterile males of the mediterranean fruit fly in field cage trials
    Entomologia Experimentalis Et Applicata, 2007
    Co-Authors: Todd E. Shelly, Eileen Smith, Kevin Hoffman, Rufino Santos, Alicia Favela, Robert Garagliano, Basil Ibewiro, D O Mcinnis
    Abstract:

    The sterile insect technique (SIT) is widely used in integrated programs against fruit fly pests, particularly the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae). Unfortunately, the mass-rearing procedures inherent to the SIT often lead to a reduction in male mating competitiveness. One potential solution involves the pre-release exposure of males to specific attractants. In particular, male exposure to Ginger Root oil [Zingiber officinale Roscoe (Zingiberaceae); hereafter GRO] has been shown to increase mating success dramatically in field cage trials. Initial studies exposed small groups of males (25 individuals), but more recent work has demonstrated that GRO exposure involving standard storage boxes (containing ≈ 36 000 males) also results in enhanced mating performance. The objective of the present study was to determine whether aromatization of entire trailers, holding ≈ 14 million sterile males from a genetic sexing [temperature sensitive lethal (tsl )] strain, increases male mating success. Independent of the total dose, spatial distribution, or type of dispenser used, sterile males exposed to GRO for a 24-h period displayed greater mating success than non-exposed males in mating cage trials (in which tsl males competed against males from a standard, bisexual strain for females from this same standard strain). Averaged over all experiments, tsl males exposed to GRO obtained 54% of all matings compared to 38% for non-exposed tsl males, an increase of 42%. The implications of these findings for SIT programs against C. capitata are discussed.

Elaine Pahio - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • mating success of male mediterranean fruit flies following exposure to two sources of α copaene manuka oil and mango
    Florida Entomologist, 2008
    Co-Authors: Todd E. Shelly, Amy N Cowan, James Edu, Elaine Pahio
    Abstract:

    Abstract Recent studies on the Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly), Ceratitis capitata (Wied.), have demonstrated an increase in male mating competitiveness following exposure to particular plant structures or products, including the fruit and fruit-derived oil of orange trees, the bark and fruits of guava trees, and Ginger Root oil. Although it is not known which compound(s) was responsible for the enhanced mating success, all the performance-boosting substances tested thus far contain the sesquiterpene hydrocarbon a-copaene, and α-copaene tested alone was found to increase mating success in male medflies. As the concentration of α-copaene and other terpenes vary among plant species, it is not known whether exposure to α-copaene-bearing plants (or their derived oils) will universally influence the mating behavior of male medflies. The goal of this study was to describe the results of mating trials conducted after male exposure to 2 previously untested sources of α-copaene, manuka oil (from the New Zealand m...

  • exposure to Ginger Root oil decreases capture of male mediterranean fruit flies diptera tephritidae in trimedlure baited traps
    2007
    Co-Authors: Todd E. Shelly, James Edu, Elaine Pahio
    Abstract:

    Detection programs for pestiferous tephritid fruit flies rely on traps baited with either natural or synthetic food substances, or so-called male lures. While studies on several tephritid species have demonstrated that protein feeding reduces subsequent attraction to protein food baits, comparable data for male lures are scant and largely restricted to the genus Bactrocera. Ginger Root oil (GRO) is attractive to males of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), and males exposed to this oil's scent exhibit heightened mating competitiveness. Because of this increased mating success, several sterile male release programs against C. capitata now include pre-release, GRO exposure as part of their standard operating procedures. However, the impact of such exposure on subsequent trap capture has received little study. The purpose of the present study was to measure the effect of GRO exposure on subsequent capture of sterile male medflies in trimedlure-baited traps in two fruit orchards in Hawaii. At each study site, 600 control (non-exposed) and 600 treated (GRO-exposed) males from a mass-reared, genetic sexing strain were released per replicate from a central release point, and trap captures were scored 2 d post-release for eight trimed- lure-baited Jackson traps placed in a circular array around the release point. At both orchards, control males were, on average, captured in significantly greater numbers than treated males. This result did not appear to reflect differential mortality between the male types: mortality in screen cages under field conditions was similar over a 48 h period for control and treated males. Implications of these findings for sterile release programs are discussed.

  • aromatherapy in the mediterranean fruit fly diptera tephritidae sterile males exposed to Ginger Root oil in prerelease storage boxes display increased mating competitiveness in field cage trials
    Journal of Economic Entomology, 2004
    Co-Authors: Todd E. Shelly, D O Mcinnis, Elaine Pahio
    Abstract:

    Abstract Previous research showed that exposure to Ginger Root, Zingiber officinale Roscoe, oil increased the mating success of mass-reared, sterile males of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann). This work, however, involved the exposure of small groups of males (n = 25) in small containers (volume 400 ml). Several sterile male release programs use plastic adult rearing containers (so-called PARC boxes; hereafter termed storage boxes; 0.48 by 0.60 by 0.33 m) to hold mature pupae and newly emerged adults before release (≈36,000 flies per box). The objective of the current study was to determine whether the application of Ginger Root oil to individual storage boxes increases the mating competitiveness of sterile C. capitata males. Irradiated pupae were placed in storage boxes 2 d before adult emergence, and in the initial experiment (adult exposure) Ginger Root oil was applied 5 d later (i.e., 3 d after peak adult emergence) for 24 h at doses of 0.0625, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 ml. In ...

  • relative attractiveness of enriched Ginger Root oil and trimedlure to male mediterranean fruit flies diptera tephritidae
    Florida Entomologist, 2002
    Co-Authors: Todd E. Shelly, Elaine Pahio
    Abstract:

    This study describes field experiments that compare the relative attraction of male Mediterranean fruit flies (or medfly), Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), to trimedlure and Ginger Root oil, which contains the natural attractant α-copaene. The Ginger Root oil was embedded in a paste-like matrix, and the concentration of α-copaene was enhanced 20-fold above natural levels (hence the term “enriched” Ginger Root oil or EGRO). In tests conducted in a mixed fruit orchard in Waimanalo, Hawaii, 8 Jackson traps (4 baited with trimedlure, 4 baited with enriched Ginger Root oil) were placed in a circle (40 m radius) about a central point from which 500 males were released per replicate. Trap catches were scored 48 h after male release. In experiments using fresh (non-aged) lures, the amount of trimedlure used per trap was constant (1 ml), but the amount of EGRO-containing paste used in traps was 1, 10, or 20 drops. Significantly more males were captured in the trimedlure traps than the EGRO traps over all doses of EGRO. Similar experiments conducted in a small citrus grove yielded the same results. Additional experiments revealed that female medflies showed no attraction to either trimedlure- or EGRO-baited traps and that immature and mature males showed equal, short-range attraction to trimedlure and EGRO-baited traps.

Suzanna M Zick - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • pilot clinical study of the effects of Ginger Root extract on eicosanoids in colonic mucosa of subjects at increased risk for colorectal cancer
    Molecular Carcinogenesis, 2015
    Co-Authors: Suzanna M Zick, Mack T Ruffin, Zora Djuric, Kim D Turgeon, Benjamin D Wright, Dean E Brenner
    Abstract:

    Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a significant cause of mortality. Inhibitors of cyclooxygenase (COX) and thus prostaglandin E2, are promising CRC preventives, but have significant toxicities. Ginger has been shown to inhibit COX, to decrease the incidence and multiplicity of adenomas, and decrease PGE2 concentrations in subjects at normal risk for CRC. This study was conducted to determine the effects of 2.0 g/d of Ginger given orally on the levels of PGE2, leukotriene B4 (LTB4), 13-hydroxy-octadecadienoic acids, and 5-, 12-, & 15-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid, in the colonic mucosa of subjects at increased risk for CRC. We randomized 20 subjects to 2.0 g/d Ginger or placebo for 28 d. At baseline and Day 28, a flexible sigmoidoscopy was used to obtain colon biopsies. A liquid chromatography mass spectrometry method was used to determine eicosanoid levels in the biopsies, and levels were expressed per amount of protein or free arachidonic acid (AA). There was a significant decrease in AA between baseline and Day 28 (P = 0.05) and significant increase in LTB4 (P = 0.04) when normalized to protein, in subjects treated with Ginger versus placebo. No other changes in eicosanoids were observed. There was no difference between the groups in total adverse events (AE; P = 0.06). Ginger lacks the ability to decrease eicosanoid levels in people at increased risk for CRC. Ginger did appear to be both tolerable and safe; and could have chemopreventive effects through other mechanisms. Further investigation should focus on other markers of CRC risk in those at increased CRC risk.

  • effect of Ginger Root on cyclooxygenase 1 and 15 hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase expression in colonic mucosa of humans at normal and increased risk for colorectal cancer
    European Journal of Cancer Prevention, 2013
    Co-Authors: Yan Jiang, Mack T Ruffin, Dean E Brenner, Benjamin D Wright, D K Turgeon, Elkhansa Sidahmed, Ananda Sen, Suzanna M Zick
    Abstract:

    Objectives Elevated tissue levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), produced by cyclooxygenase (COX) are an early event in colorectal cancer (CRC). Data suggest the efficacy of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAIDs) drugs, which inhibit COX activity, as cancer preventives; however, side effects of NSAIDs indicate unacceptable limitations. Ginger has been reported to have anti-inflammatory activities with significant CRC preventive potential. We investigated if consumption of 2.0 g Ginger daily regulated the level of two key enzymes, which control PGE2 production, COX-1 and NAD+- dependent 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH).

  • phase ii study of the effects of Ginger Root extract on eicosanoids in colon mucosa in people at normal risk for colorectal cancer
    Cancer Prevention Research, 2011
    Co-Authors: Suzanna M Zick, Mack T Ruffin, Zora Djuric, Kim D Turgeon, Benjamin D Wright, S Vareed, A J Litzinger, Daniel P Normolle, Sara Alrawi, Dean E Brenner
    Abstract:

    Inhibitors of COX indicate that upregulation of inflammatory eicosanoids produced by COX, and in particular prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), are early events in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). Ginger has shown downregulation of COX in vitro and decreased incidence/multiplicity of adenomas in rats. This study was conducted to determine if 2.0 g/d of Ginger could decrease the levels of PGE(2), 13-hydroxy-octadecadienoic acids, and 5-, 12-, and 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-, 12-, and 15-HETE), in the colon mucosa of healthy volunteers. To investigate this aim, we randomized 30 subjects to 2.0 g/d Ginger or placebo for 28 days. Flexible sigmoidoscopy at baseline and day 28 was used to obtain colon biopsies. A liquid chromatography mass spectrometry method was used to determine eicosanoid levels in the biopsies, and levels were expressed per protein or per free arachidonic acid. There were no significant differences in mean percent change between baseline and day 28 for any of the eicosanoids, when normalized to protein. There was a significant decrease in mean percent change in PGE(2) (P = 0.05) and 5-HETE (P = 0.04), and a trend toward significant decreases in 12-HETE (P = 0.09) and 15-HETE (P = 0.06) normalized to free arachidonic acid. There was no difference between the groups in terms of total adverse events P = 0.55). On the basis of these results, it seems that Ginger has the potential to decrease eicosanoid levels, perhaps by inhibiting their synthesis from arachidonic acid. Ginger also seemed to be tolerable and safe. Further investigation in people at high risk for CRC seems warranted.

  • phase ii study of the effects of Ginger Root extract on eicosanoids in colon mucosa in people at normal risk for colorectal cancer
    Cancer Prevention Research, 2011
    Co-Authors: Suzanna M Zick, Mack T Ruffin, Zora Djuric, Kim D Turgeon, Benjamin D Wright, S Vareed, A J Litzinger, Daniel P Normolle, Sara Alrawi, Dean E Brenner
    Abstract:

    Inhibitors of COX indicate that upregulation of inflammatory eicosanoids produced by COX, and in particular prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), are early events in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). Ginger has shown downregulation of COX in vitro and decreased incidence/multiplicity of adenomas in rats. This study was conducted to determine if 2.0 g/d of Ginger could decrease the levels of PGE2, 13-hydroxy-octadecadienoic acids, and 5-, 12-, and 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-, 12-, and 15-HETE), in the colon mucosa of healthy volunteers. To investigate this aim, we randomized 30 subjects to 2.0 g/d Ginger or placebo for 28 days. Flexible sigmoidoscopy at baseline and day 28 was used to obtain colon biopsies. A liquid chromatography mass spectrometry method was used to determine eicosanoid levels in the biopsies, and levels were expressed per protein or per free arachidonic acid. There were no significant differences in mean percent change between baseline and day 28 for any of the eicosanoids, when normalized to protein. There was a significant decrease in mean percent change in PGE2 (P = 0.05) and 5-HETE (P = 0.04), and a trend toward significant decreases in 12-HETE (P = 0.09) and 15-HETE (P = 0.06) normalized to free arachidonic acid. There was no difference between the groups in terms of total adverse events P = 0.55). On the basis of these results, it seems that Ginger has the potential to decrease eicosanoid levels, perhaps by inhibiting their synthesis from arachidonic acid. Ginger also seemed to be tolerable and safe. Further investigation in people at high risk for CRC seems warranted. Cancer Prev Res; 4(11); 1929–37. ©2011 AACR.

  • preventing cancer in the colon effect of Ginger Root extract on markers of inflammation in colon mucosa in people at high risk for colorectal cancer
    Journal of Clinical Oncology, 2011
    Co-Authors: Suzanna M Zick, Mack T Ruffin, Zora Djuric, D K Turgeon, S Vareed, A J Litzinger, B Wright, Daniel P Normolle, Dean E Brenner
    Abstract:

    1570 Background: Studies using drugs that inhibit cyclooxygenase enzymes (COX-1,-2) indicate that up-regulation of inflammatory eicasanoids, and in particular prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) are early events in the development of CRC. Ginger Root has demonstrated down regulation of COX-1,-2, apoptosis in CRC cell lines and decreased incidence and multiplicity of adenomas in rats. This study was conducted to determine if 2.0 g/day of Ginger extract could decrease the levels of PGE2, 5-,12-, & 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-,12-, & 15-HETE), 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (13-HODE) and Leukotriene B4 (LTB4), in the gut mucosa of people at increased risk of colorectal cancer when taken for 28 days. Methods: A total of 20 subjects were randomized to 2.0 g/day Ginger or placebo for 28 days. Flexible sigmoidoscopy at baseline and day 28 was used to obtain rectal biopsies. A liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method was used to simultaneously determine PGE2, 5-HETE, 12-HETE, 15-HETE, LTB4 and 13-HODE...