The Experts below are selected from a list of 318 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Kintak Lau - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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design of an impact resistant Glass Fibre epoxy composites using short silk Fibres
Materials & Design, 2012Co-Authors: Kintak LauAbstract:Abstract The prevailing utilisation of light and strong structural materials has led to an increasing demand to engineering industries on developing different types of advanced composites. Thus, the development of simple and low cost woven Glass Fibre composites with an improvement on their tensile and impact properties is suggested. In this paper, the hybridization of a Glass Fibre reinforced composite is achieved by using low cost short silk Fibres as a medium to enhance its cross-ply strength. The comparison on the tensile and impact properties of the composite reinforced by the short silk Fibre (with the content from 0.3 to 0.6 wt%) with a pristine Glass Fibre composite sample was conducted. Fracture surfaces were analysed by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Experimental results indicated that the maximum Young’s modulus and ductility index (DI) of a silk reinforced composite increased by 50% and 75%, respectively as compared with the pristine one. Furthermore, the visual examination on drop-weight test samples proved that the impact resistance of the silk reinforced composite was better than that of the pristine sample as well. According to the results obtained, it was found that the addition of 0.4 wt% short silk Fibre into Glass Fibre composite was shown to be the advisable reinforcement content to achieve better tensile and impact strengths.
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Design of an impact resistant Glass Fibre/epoxy composites using short silk Fibres
Materials & Design, 2012Co-Authors: Kintak LauAbstract:Abstract The prevailing utilisation of light and strong structural materials has led to an increasing demand to engineering industries on developing different types of advanced composites. Thus, the development of simple and low cost woven Glass Fibre composites with an improvement on their tensile and impact properties is suggested. In this paper, the hybridization of a Glass Fibre reinforced composite is achieved by using low cost short silk Fibres as a medium to enhance its cross-ply strength. The comparison on the tensile and impact properties of the composite reinforced by the short silk Fibre (with the content from 0.3 to 0.6 wt%) with a pristine Glass Fibre composite sample was conducted. Fracture surfaces were analysed by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Experimental results indicated that the maximum Young’s modulus and ductility index (DI) of a silk reinforced composite increased by 50% and 75%, respectively as compared with the pristine one. Furthermore, the visual examination on drop-weight test samples proved that the impact resistance of the silk reinforced composite was better than that of the pristine sample as well. According to the results obtained, it was found that the addition of 0.4 wt% short silk Fibre into Glass Fibre composite was shown to be the advisable reinforcement content to achieve better tensile and impact strengths.
James Thomason - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A study of the thermal degradation of Glass Fibre sizings at composite processing temperatures
Composites Part A-applied Science and Manufacturing, 2019Co-Authors: James Thomason, Liu Yang, Ulf Nagel, David BryceAbstract:Abstract Although not fully understood, it is well recognized that optimal working of Glass Fibre sizings is necessary to maximize the performance of Glass Fibre reinforced polymer composites. It is important that the organic components in such sizings continue to function after exposure to the high temperatures often experienced during composite processing. This study presents the results on the thermal stability of polypropylene and epoxy compatible Glass Fibre sizings obtained using TGA, microbond adhesion measurement and composite mechanical testing. Test results indicate that the performance of commercial polypropylene compatible Glass Fibre sizings can be significantly compromised by thermo-oxidative degradation at normal composite processing temperatures. A significant reduction in composite performance is directly related to a loss of Fibre-matrix adhesion caused by thermal degradation of some of the principal sizing components.
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Glass Fibre sizing: a review
Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 2019Co-Authors: James ThomasonAbstract:Abstract Glass Fibre reinforcements form the backbone of a composites industry with a global annual production of more than 10 million tons of high performance, light-weight materials. Possibly the most critical component involved in the manufacture of Glass Fibres and their composites is the Fibre sizing. Yet because of the intense level of secrecy surrounding size formulations there are very few people in the vast supply chain of composite materials suppliers, processors and end users who have more than a superficial understanding of Glass Fibre sizings. Given the importance of sizings to the continuing success and growth of the composites industry this paper reviews some of the most relevant articles from the widely dispersed literature available around Glass Fibre sizings. The review covers size formulation, sizing effects in Fibre and composite processing, sizing and Fibre performance, sizing and interphase adhesion, and sizing effects on composite performance. The conclusions highlight the fragmented nature of the knowledge base on sizings and the lack of reliable and reproducible reference materials on which to build real progress in this critical technology.
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Regeneration of the performance of Glass Fibre recycled from End-of-life composites or Glass Fibre waste : Presentation & Abstract
2013Co-Authors: James Thomason, Liu Yang, Eduardo Saez Rodriguez, Chih-chuan Kao, Peter JenkinsAbstract:The disposal of end-of-life composite products in an environmentally friendly manner is one of the most important challenges facing the industry and community. In this presentation we will introduce two recently initiated EPSRC funded projects focussed on the cost effective recycling of end-of-life Glass Fibre composites from automotive and wind energy applications. The ultimate goal of these projects is to enable cost-effective regeneration of the mechanical properties of Glass Fibres which have been produced from thermal recycling of Glass reinforced structural composites. This project has the potential to totally transform the economics of recycling GRP composites which would otherwise most likely be disposed of to landfill. A breakthrough in this field will enable such recycled Fibres to compete with pristine materials in many large volume composite applications. The development of an economically viable process for regenerating the properties of thermally recycled Glass Fibres would have major technological, societal, economic, environmental impacts. Conservative estimates indicate that there is a potential to generate a global industry with an annual production of 1 million Tons of reusable regenerated Glass Fibres with a market value order of magnitude of £1,000M. The reuse of these materials could result in a huge reduction in the environmental impact of the Glass-Fibre industry where the replacement of pristine Glass Fibre products would equate to a global reduction in CO2 production of 400,000 Tons/annum from reduced melting energy requirements alone. Furthermore, such a technological development would also reduce the need for an annual landfill disposal of 2 million Tons of composite materials. These developments would clearly be in line with the growing societal and environmental pressure to reduce the use of landfill disposal, increase the reuse of valuable raw materials resources, and reduce the release of CO2 to the atmosphere. The results of a study of the properties of Glass Fibres after thermal conditioning will be presented. The mechanical performance of rovings and single Fibres of well-defined silane sized and unsized E-Glass Fibre samples was investigated at room temperature after thermal conditioning at temperatures up to 600°C. Thermal conditioning for only 15 minutes led to strength degradation of greater than 80% at higher temperatures. The room temperature strength of silane coated Fibres was relatively stable up to 300°C but exhibited a precipitous drop at higher conditioning temperatures. Unsized Fibres exhibited an approximately linear decrease in strength with increasing conditioning temperature. The results as discussed in terms of the changes in surface coating and bulk Glass structure during heat conditioning.
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Investigating Thermal Behaviour of Glass Fibre By Thermomechanical Analysis: Poster
2013Co-Authors: Liu Yang, James ThomasonAbstract:A TMA procedure has been developed with the capability of probing the thermal behaviour of Glass Fibre. A single Glass Fibre was successfully mounted into TMA Fibre configuration and several thermomechanical programmes were carried out over a wide temperature range from 20°C to 900°C. It was found that measured coefficient of linear thermal expansion (CLTE) of boron-free E-Glass Fibre remained constant below 300°C and the values had an excellent agreement with that found in the literature. At higher temperatures an abrupt length change in Glass transition region allowed for the determination of Glass transition temperature (Tg). The results from isothermal measurement showed significant Fibre length shrinkage, which was a function of both temperature and time. It follows that there exist two mechanisms, thermal expansion and structural relaxation, which together account for overall thermomechanical responses of Glass Fibre. The former is related to the decrease of Young’s modulus at elevated temperatures and the latter is considered responsible for the observed increase of room temperature Young’s modulus after thermally conditioning Glass Fibre at various temperatures.
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Glass Fibre Sizings: A Review of the Scientific Literature
2012Co-Authors: James ThomasonAbstract:Glass Fibre reinforcements form the foundation of a composite materials industry with a global annual production of greater than 10 million tons of high performance, light weight carbon footprint lowering materials. Possibly the most critical component involved in the manufacture of Glass Fibres and their composites is the Fibre sizing. Yet because of the intense level of industrial secrecy around sizings there are very few people in the vast chain of composite materials suppliers, processers and end users who have more than a superficial understanding of what Glass Fibre sizings are and what they do. There are many questions which this large and growing composite community poses about Glass Fibre sizings. Which analytical techniques are most useful in sizing research? Who has published research results on sizing and their ingredients? Which silanes are the most researched for use in sizings? Which Glass Fibre manufacturers have reported research findings on sizings? This review will act as a guide to obtaining some of the answers to these and many other questions about Glass Fibre sizings. The composites materials industry is currently experiencing a period of intense growth in new application development due to the potential which light-weight high performance composite materials have to reduce the carbon footprint of many industries. Composite materials have been highly successful in such applications due to the synergy of combining two, or more, dissimilar materials to obtain a better performance than the sum of the individual components. Glass Fibre has been particularly successful as the reinforcement in these composites. Today Glass Fibre products account for more than 95% of Fibre reinforcements used in the composites industry, primarily due to their highly attractive performance to price ratio. Possibly the most critical component involved in the manufacture of Glass Fibres and their composites is the Fibre sizing. Sizing is a thin surface coating of mainly organic materials applied to nearly all types of man-made Fibres during their manufacture. Given the well-recognized critical importance of sizing in all aspects of the profitability, processibility and performance of Glass reinforced composites and consequently to the ultimate success of the composites industry, it is surprising (perhaps even astonishing) to note the lack of a proportionally sized body of fundamental and applied research publications on this subject. There can be few examples of such a large materials industry (global annual production well in excess of 10 million tons of Fibre reinforced composites) where the manufacturing and performance of those materials are so critically dependent on such a small component that is so narrowly understood. The research and development of Glass Fibre sizing is inextricably linked to the intellectual property concerns of Glass Fibre manufacturers and consequently information on the nature of the technical challenges facing sizing developers is not openly available to the technical community. Despite these challenges there has been quite some work published in and around the subject of Glass Fibre sizings over the years. Given the importance of sizings to the continuing success and growth of the composites industry this review has collected and summarized a large proportion of the widely dispersed literature which is openly available around Glass Fibre sizings. The review should beneficial to academic researchers embarking on, or already working on, fundamental research in the area of Glass Fibre sizings and interfaces in Glass reinforced composites. However, industrial readers from the composite materials supply chain and those engaged with end-use applications using Glass reinforced polymers should also find the contents highly useful in improving their insight and understanding of this critical aspect of composite materials.
J L Thomason - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Kinetics of dissolution of Glass Fibre in hot alkaline solution
Journal of Materials Science, 2018Co-Authors: S. T. Bashir, L. Yang, J. J. Liggat, J L ThomasonAbstract:Kinetics of the dissolution of E-Glass Fibres in alkaline solutions was investigated. To allow an accurate determination of conversion, Glass Fibres were immersed individually in the corrosive medium and the diameter change was measured with the use of a scanning electron microscope. Few studies have been reported in the literature on the kinetics of E-Glass Fibre dissolution or the dissolution of individual Fibres. Our experimental results fit well in the zero-order and shrinking cylinder models, suggesting either the diffusion of hydroxide ions through the solution or the Glass Fibre etching itself was rate-limiting step. The rate constant for the reaction of Glass Fibre with alkaline solution at 95 °C was found to be between 1.3 × 10^−4 and 4.3 × 10^−4 g/(m^2 s). The reaction order ( n ) was determined as 0.31–0.49 with respect to the alkaline solution, and the activation energy was 58–79 kJ/mol.
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Glass Fibre sizing a review of size formulation patents
2015Co-Authors: J L ThomasonAbstract:Of the many questions which this large and growing composite community poses about sizings, the most frequently asked is probably “what is actually in the size on this Glass Fibre product?” There is only one source of openly available information on commercial size formulations and that is the patents of the Glass Fibre manufacturers. This book contains analysis of more than 500 examples of patented size formulations many of which are probably still in use in commercial Glass Fibre production. The information is tabulated to allow readers to easily identify the similarities and differences between the sizes and their Glass Fibre products developed for different composite end-use applications, different composite processing techniques, and compatibility with different polymers. Also included is a chapter discussing how patents and their associated information can be used to gain insight into which size formulations may actually be in use in Glass Fibre production.
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the thermal behaviour of Glass Fibre investigated by thermomechanical analysis
Journal of Materials Science, 2013Co-Authors: Liu Yang, J L ThomasonAbstract:A thermomechanical analysis (TMA) procedure has been developed with the capability of probing the thermal behaviour of Glass Fibre. A single Glass Fibre was successfully mounted into TMA Fibre configuration and several thermomechanical programmes were carried out over a wide temperature range from 20 to 900 °C. It was found that measured coefficient of linear thermal expansion of boron-free E-Glass Fibre remained constant below 300 °C and the values had an excellent agreement with that found in the literature. At higher temperatures an abrupt length change in Glass transition region allowed for the determination of Glass transition temperature. The results from isothermal measurement showed significant Fibre length shrinkage, which was a function of both temperature and time. It follows that there exist two mechanisms, thermal expansion and structural relaxation, which together account for overall thermomechanical responses of Glass Fibre. The former is related to the decrease of Young’s modulus at elevated temperatures and the latter is considered responsible for the observed increase of room-temperature Young’s modulus after thermally conditioning Glass Fibre at various temperatures.
Liu Yang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A study of the thermal degradation of Glass Fibre sizings at composite processing temperatures
Composites Part A-applied Science and Manufacturing, 2019Co-Authors: James Thomason, Liu Yang, Ulf Nagel, David BryceAbstract:Abstract Although not fully understood, it is well recognized that optimal working of Glass Fibre sizings is necessary to maximize the performance of Glass Fibre reinforced polymer composites. It is important that the organic components in such sizings continue to function after exposure to the high temperatures often experienced during composite processing. This study presents the results on the thermal stability of polypropylene and epoxy compatible Glass Fibre sizings obtained using TGA, microbond adhesion measurement and composite mechanical testing. Test results indicate that the performance of commercial polypropylene compatible Glass Fibre sizings can be significantly compromised by thermo-oxidative degradation at normal composite processing temperatures. A significant reduction in composite performance is directly related to a loss of Fibre-matrix adhesion caused by thermal degradation of some of the principal sizing components.
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Regeneration of the performance of Glass Fibre recycled from End-of-life composites or Glass Fibre waste : Presentation & Abstract
2013Co-Authors: James Thomason, Liu Yang, Eduardo Saez Rodriguez, Chih-chuan Kao, Peter JenkinsAbstract:The disposal of end-of-life composite products in an environmentally friendly manner is one of the most important challenges facing the industry and community. In this presentation we will introduce two recently initiated EPSRC funded projects focussed on the cost effective recycling of end-of-life Glass Fibre composites from automotive and wind energy applications. The ultimate goal of these projects is to enable cost-effective regeneration of the mechanical properties of Glass Fibres which have been produced from thermal recycling of Glass reinforced structural composites. This project has the potential to totally transform the economics of recycling GRP composites which would otherwise most likely be disposed of to landfill. A breakthrough in this field will enable such recycled Fibres to compete with pristine materials in many large volume composite applications. The development of an economically viable process for regenerating the properties of thermally recycled Glass Fibres would have major technological, societal, economic, environmental impacts. Conservative estimates indicate that there is a potential to generate a global industry with an annual production of 1 million Tons of reusable regenerated Glass Fibres with a market value order of magnitude of £1,000M. The reuse of these materials could result in a huge reduction in the environmental impact of the Glass-Fibre industry where the replacement of pristine Glass Fibre products would equate to a global reduction in CO2 production of 400,000 Tons/annum from reduced melting energy requirements alone. Furthermore, such a technological development would also reduce the need for an annual landfill disposal of 2 million Tons of composite materials. These developments would clearly be in line with the growing societal and environmental pressure to reduce the use of landfill disposal, increase the reuse of valuable raw materials resources, and reduce the release of CO2 to the atmosphere. The results of a study of the properties of Glass Fibres after thermal conditioning will be presented. The mechanical performance of rovings and single Fibres of well-defined silane sized and unsized E-Glass Fibre samples was investigated at room temperature after thermal conditioning at temperatures up to 600°C. Thermal conditioning for only 15 minutes led to strength degradation of greater than 80% at higher temperatures. The room temperature strength of silane coated Fibres was relatively stable up to 300°C but exhibited a precipitous drop at higher conditioning temperatures. Unsized Fibres exhibited an approximately linear decrease in strength with increasing conditioning temperature. The results as discussed in terms of the changes in surface coating and bulk Glass structure during heat conditioning.
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Investigating Thermal Behaviour of Glass Fibre By Thermomechanical Analysis: Poster
2013Co-Authors: Liu Yang, James ThomasonAbstract:A TMA procedure has been developed with the capability of probing the thermal behaviour of Glass Fibre. A single Glass Fibre was successfully mounted into TMA Fibre configuration and several thermomechanical programmes were carried out over a wide temperature range from 20°C to 900°C. It was found that measured coefficient of linear thermal expansion (CLTE) of boron-free E-Glass Fibre remained constant below 300°C and the values had an excellent agreement with that found in the literature. At higher temperatures an abrupt length change in Glass transition region allowed for the determination of Glass transition temperature (Tg). The results from isothermal measurement showed significant Fibre length shrinkage, which was a function of both temperature and time. It follows that there exist two mechanisms, thermal expansion and structural relaxation, which together account for overall thermomechanical responses of Glass Fibre. The former is related to the decrease of Young’s modulus at elevated temperatures and the latter is considered responsible for the observed increase of room temperature Young’s modulus after thermally conditioning Glass Fibre at various temperatures.
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the thermal behaviour of Glass Fibre investigated by thermomechanical analysis
Journal of Materials Science, 2013Co-Authors: Liu Yang, J L ThomasonAbstract:A thermomechanical analysis (TMA) procedure has been developed with the capability of probing the thermal behaviour of Glass Fibre. A single Glass Fibre was successfully mounted into TMA Fibre configuration and several thermomechanical programmes were carried out over a wide temperature range from 20 to 900 °C. It was found that measured coefficient of linear thermal expansion of boron-free E-Glass Fibre remained constant below 300 °C and the values had an excellent agreement with that found in the literature. At higher temperatures an abrupt length change in Glass transition region allowed for the determination of Glass transition temperature. The results from isothermal measurement showed significant Fibre length shrinkage, which was a function of both temperature and time. It follows that there exist two mechanisms, thermal expansion and structural relaxation, which together account for overall thermomechanical responses of Glass Fibre. The former is related to the decrease of Young’s modulus at elevated temperatures and the latter is considered responsible for the observed increase of room-temperature Young’s modulus after thermally conditioning Glass Fibre at various temperatures.
Hasim Pihtili - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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An experimental investigation of wear of Glass Fibre-epoxy resin and Glass Fibre-polyester resin composite materials
European Polymer Journal, 2008Co-Authors: Hasim PihtiliAbstract:Abstract In this paper, the effects of resin content on the wear of woven roving Glass Fibre–epoxy resin and Glass Fibre–polyester resin composite materials have been examined. Furthermore, composite materials are experimentally investigated under different loads and speeds by using a block-on-shaft wear tester. The influences of two thermosetting resins epoxy and polyester on the wear of Glass-woven roving reinforced composites under has been investigated dry conditions. The Glass Fibre–epoxy resin and the Glass Fibre–polyester resin composite materials specimens have been tested under different experiment conditions. Tests were conducted for 0.39 and 0.557 m/s speeds, at two different loads of 5 and 10 N. The weight losses were measured after measuring different sliding distances. Wear in the experiments was determined as weight loss. For each experiment, one specimen was used. The amount of wear was measured before the experiment and after the experiment with the apparatus of balance scales with the accuracy of 10 −3 g. Glass Fibre–epoxy resin composites generally showed higher strength and minimum wear when compared with Glass Fibre–polyester resin composites materials. In addition, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is used to study the worn surface to verify the results.
