The Experts below are selected from a list of 144 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Abdul Rahim Yacob - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • detection of hippuric acid a Glue solvent metabolite using a mobile test kit
    Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 2013
    Co-Authors: Mohamad Raizul Zinalibdin, Abdul Rahim Yacob
    Abstract:

    Abstract Many testing kits for screening common drugs are widely used in Malaysia, such as the dip strip urine drug testing kit which is specified for detecting drug in abuser. However, currently there is no specific testing kit for screening urine samples to detect Glue abusers. This research is dedicated to develop a specific color test method to emphasize the screening for Glue abusers, known as G.S. Kit. It contains benzenesulphonyl chloride, pyridine and distilled water. The urine sample is mixed with pyridine and benzenesulphonyl chloride and followed by distilled water. A positive result will be in the form of a color reaction from yellow to red. This novel G.S. Kit would be quite useful for the screening and detection of Glue Sniffing and toluene abusing qualitatively, as a way of helping National Anti Drug Agency, Department of Education and Royal Police of Malaysia in preventing Glue Sniffing from becoming a social pandemic.

  • cresol from toluene metabolites in head space of urine and blood from Glue Sniffing activity using gas chromatography mass spectrophotometry
    Journal of Forensic Medicine, 2012
    Co-Authors: Abdul Rahim Yacob, Mohd Raizul Zainalibdin, Nazirah Said
    Abstract:

    Glue Sniffing has been an addiction problem to countries all over the world since late nineteenth century. Back then, it is the adults who are mostly abusers but recently, the trend have shifted towards younger generations. More teenagers have been recorded to be Glue sniffers. Most literatures indicated that it is the volatile solvent present in Glue, the substance that gives the abusers ‘high’ or the intoxicating effects that they pursue. To study the metabolites of these substances, blood and urine samples from positive Glue abusers obtained from local agencies were analyzed. The results showed that there were significant amount of para- cresol in the head space which is one of toluene's metabolites.

  • notice of retraction g s kit mobile test kit for Glue Sniffing screening
    IEEE International Conference on Advanced Management Science, 2010
    Co-Authors: Abdul Rahim Yacob, Mohamad Raizul Zinalibdin
    Abstract:

    Many testing kits for screening common drugs are widely used in Malaysia such as dip strip urine drug testing kit which is specified for detecting drug of abuser. However, currently there is no specific testing kit for screening urine samples to detect Glue abusers has been found. This research is dedicated to develop a specific color test method emphasizing the screening for Glue abusers, known as G.S. Kit. It contains benzenesulphonyl chloride, pyridine and distilled water. The urine sample is mixed with pyridine and benzenesulphonylchloride and followed by distilled water. A positive result will be in the form of a color reaction from yellow to red. This novel G.S. kit would be quite useful for the screening and detecting of Glue Sniffing and toluene abuser qualitatively as a way of helping National Anti Drug Agency, Department of Education and Royal Police of Malaysia in preventing Glue Sniffing from becoming a social pandemic.

  • characterization using instrumentation of local Glue related Glue Sniffing activity
    Journal of Forensic Medicine, 2006
    Co-Authors: Abdul Rahim Yacob, Mohamad Raizul Zinalibdin
    Abstract:

    Abused class substances use as inhalant which includes volatile solvents is endemic worldwide. Nowadays, Glue Sniffing is like disease to children in primary and secondary school and this problem is shown by media like a “time bomb” for our future generation. Glue is easily available and cheaper than drugs and because of that, more teenagers is using it to get ‘high’. Children who abuse Glue early in life are more likely to use other illicit drugs. Later, the method of delivery is inhalation of a solvent from its container, a soaked rag, or a bag. In this study the volatile substance in Glue will be determined using Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR), Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy Detector (GC-MSD) with headspace method. This study proved from the results obtain that toluene is the one of the major substance this confirmed by GC-MSD with head space method. FTIR analysis of Glue showed that strong absorption peak of C = C (aromatic) bending at 700 cm−1 and 693.8 cm−1, confirm that toluene and benzenes exist in Glue sample. Furthermore heavy metal atoms such as Cadmium, Chromium, Iron, Zinc, Titanium, Argentum and Sodium had been detected in all Glue samples using ICP-OES.

Mohamad Raizul Zinalibdin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • detection of hippuric acid a Glue solvent metabolite using a mobile test kit
    Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 2013
    Co-Authors: Mohamad Raizul Zinalibdin, Abdul Rahim Yacob
    Abstract:

    Abstract Many testing kits for screening common drugs are widely used in Malaysia, such as the dip strip urine drug testing kit which is specified for detecting drug in abuser. However, currently there is no specific testing kit for screening urine samples to detect Glue abusers. This research is dedicated to develop a specific color test method to emphasize the screening for Glue abusers, known as G.S. Kit. It contains benzenesulphonyl chloride, pyridine and distilled water. The urine sample is mixed with pyridine and benzenesulphonyl chloride and followed by distilled water. A positive result will be in the form of a color reaction from yellow to red. This novel G.S. Kit would be quite useful for the screening and detection of Glue Sniffing and toluene abusing qualitatively, as a way of helping National Anti Drug Agency, Department of Education and Royal Police of Malaysia in preventing Glue Sniffing from becoming a social pandemic.

  • notice of retraction g s kit mobile test kit for Glue Sniffing screening
    IEEE International Conference on Advanced Management Science, 2010
    Co-Authors: Abdul Rahim Yacob, Mohamad Raizul Zinalibdin
    Abstract:

    Many testing kits for screening common drugs are widely used in Malaysia such as dip strip urine drug testing kit which is specified for detecting drug of abuser. However, currently there is no specific testing kit for screening urine samples to detect Glue abusers has been found. This research is dedicated to develop a specific color test method emphasizing the screening for Glue abusers, known as G.S. Kit. It contains benzenesulphonyl chloride, pyridine and distilled water. The urine sample is mixed with pyridine and benzenesulphonylchloride and followed by distilled water. A positive result will be in the form of a color reaction from yellow to red. This novel G.S. kit would be quite useful for the screening and detecting of Glue Sniffing and toluene abuser qualitatively as a way of helping National Anti Drug Agency, Department of Education and Royal Police of Malaysia in preventing Glue Sniffing from becoming a social pandemic.

  • characterization using instrumentation of local Glue related Glue Sniffing activity
    Journal of Forensic Medicine, 2006
    Co-Authors: Abdul Rahim Yacob, Mohamad Raizul Zinalibdin
    Abstract:

    Abused class substances use as inhalant which includes volatile solvents is endemic worldwide. Nowadays, Glue Sniffing is like disease to children in primary and secondary school and this problem is shown by media like a “time bomb” for our future generation. Glue is easily available and cheaper than drugs and because of that, more teenagers is using it to get ‘high’. Children who abuse Glue early in life are more likely to use other illicit drugs. Later, the method of delivery is inhalation of a solvent from its container, a soaked rag, or a bag. In this study the volatile substance in Glue will be determined using Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR), Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy Detector (GC-MSD) with headspace method. This study proved from the results obtain that toluene is the one of the major substance this confirmed by GC-MSD with head space method. FTIR analysis of Glue showed that strong absorption peak of C = C (aromatic) bending at 700 cm−1 and 693.8 cm−1, confirm that toluene and benzenes exist in Glue sample. Furthermore heavy metal atoms such as Cadmium, Chromium, Iron, Zinc, Titanium, Argentum and Sodium had been detected in all Glue samples using ICP-OES.

Mitchell L Halperin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Glue Sniffing and distal renal tubular acidosis sticking to the facts
    Journal of The American Society of Nephrology, 1991
    Co-Authors: Euan Carlisle, Sandra Donnelly, Somkiat Vasuvattakul, Kamel S Kamel, Sheldon W Tobe, Mitchell L Halperin
    Abstract:

    An index case is presented to introduce the subject of the acid-base and electrolyte abnormalities resulting from toluene abuse. These include metabolic acidosis associated with a normal anion gap and excessive loss of sodium and potassium in the urine. The major question addressed is, what is the basis for the metabolic acidosis? Overproduction of hippuric acid resulting from the metabolism of toluene plays a more important role in the genesis of the metabolic acidosis than was previously believed. This conclusion is supported by the observation that the rate of excretion of ammonium was not low during metabolic acidosis in six of eight patients, suggesting that distal renal tubular acidosis was not an important acid-base abnormality in most cases where ammonium was measured. The excretion of hippurate in the urine unmatched by ammonium also mandates an enhanced rate of excretion of the cations, sodium and potassium. The loss of sodium causes extracellular fluid volume contraction and a fall in the glomerular filtration rate, which may transform the normal anion gap type of metabolic acidosis into one with a high anion gap (accumulation of hippurate and other anions). Continuing loss of potassium in the urine leads to hypokalemia. An understanding of the metabolism of toluene provides the basis for the unusual biochemical abnormalities seen with abuse of this solvent.

Euan Carlisle - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Glue Sniffing and distal renal tubular acidosis sticking to the facts
    Journal of The American Society of Nephrology, 1991
    Co-Authors: Euan Carlisle, Sandra Donnelly, Somkiat Vasuvattakul, Kamel S Kamel, Sheldon W Tobe, Mitchell L Halperin
    Abstract:

    An index case is presented to introduce the subject of the acid-base and electrolyte abnormalities resulting from toluene abuse. These include metabolic acidosis associated with a normal anion gap and excessive loss of sodium and potassium in the urine. The major question addressed is, what is the basis for the metabolic acidosis? Overproduction of hippuric acid resulting from the metabolism of toluene plays a more important role in the genesis of the metabolic acidosis than was previously believed. This conclusion is supported by the observation that the rate of excretion of ammonium was not low during metabolic acidosis in six of eight patients, suggesting that distal renal tubular acidosis was not an important acid-base abnormality in most cases where ammonium was measured. The excretion of hippurate in the urine unmatched by ammonium also mandates an enhanced rate of excretion of the cations, sodium and potassium. The loss of sodium causes extracellular fluid volume contraction and a fall in the glomerular filtration rate, which may transform the normal anion gap type of metabolic acidosis into one with a high anion gap (accumulation of hippurate and other anions). Continuing loss of potassium in the urine leads to hypokalemia. An understanding of the metabolism of toluene provides the basis for the unusual biochemical abnormalities seen with abuse of this solvent.

Anthony H Winefield - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the influence of protective and risk factors in individual peer and school domains on thai adolescents alcohol and illicit drug use a survey
    Addictive Behaviors, 2014
    Co-Authors: Nualnong Wongtongkam, Paul Ward, Andrew Day, Anthony H Winefield
    Abstract:

    This study investigates risk and protective factors for substance abuse in a sample of 1778 students attending technical colleges in Bangkok and Nakhon Ratchasima provinces of Thailand using a self-report questionnaire modified from the Communities That Care youth survey. Low school commitment was strongly associated with illicit drug use, with adjusted odds ratios ranging from 2.84 (Glue Sniffing) to 10.06 (ecstasy). Having friends using drugs, and friends with delinquent behaviors increased the risk of using alcohol and illegal drugs, with adjusted odds ratios of 6.84 and 6.72 respectively for marijuana use. For protective factors, approximately 40-60% of students with high levels of moral belief, participation in religious activities, and social skills were less likely to use alcohol. It is concluded that peer influence is a significant contributor to Thai adolescents' participation in substance abuse and that engaging in religiosity may assist adolescents to internalize negative aspects of harmful drugs into positive perceptions and encourage them to avoid alcohol and illegal drugs.