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Yashbir Singh Shivay - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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basmati rice quality enhancement by zinc fertilization and Green Manuring on a sub tropical inceptisol in indo gangetic plains of india
The Journal of Agricultural Science, 2021Co-Authors: Amarpreet Singh, Yashbir Singh Shivay, Radha Prasanna, Ashok KumarAbstract:Basmati (aromatic) rice is premier rice grown in north-western India and Pakistan. This rice is preferred for their long and slender kernels which expand 3-4 times in length and remain fluffy and are well known all over the world, especially in the Middle East and South Asia for their long fluffy grains on cooking. Paddy soils are usually deficient in organic matter because of high temperature and moisture, which causes rapid decomposition of organic matter. The importance of leguminous Green manure crops in improving soil fertility, and soil physical properties received increasing attention. Also, the zinc (Zn) deficiency in soils is prevalent worldwide, especially in high pH calcareous soils. No reports were available on combining Green Manuring crops and Zn fertilization on productivity, Zn content and kernel quality of Basmati rice. Therefore, the current investigation was undertaken to quantify the combined effects of summer Green Manuring crops and zinc fertilization on productivity, Zn content and kernel quality of Basmati rice in summer Green Manuring-Basmati rice cropping system. A field study was therefore conducted for two years (2009 and 2010) on a sandy clay-loam soil (typic Ustochrept) at the research farm of the ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India. The experiments were conducted in split plot design, keeping three Green Manuring crops viz. Sesbania aculeata (Dhaincha), Crotalaria juncea (Sunhemp), and Vigna unguiculata (Cowpea) and one summer fallow treatment as main-plot treatments and six Zn sources viz. control (no Zn application), ZnSO4∙7H2O (21% Zn), ZnSO4∙H2O (33% Zn), ZnO (82% Zn), ZnSO4∙7H2O + ZnO (50% + 50%) and EDTA-chelated Zn (12% Zn) in sub-plots and was replicated thrice. The experiments in both the years were conducted with a fixed lay-out plan on the same site. The results showed that incorporation of Green manures along with zinc (Zn) fertilization increased grain and straw yield, enhanced Zn concentrations and improved the kernel quality before and after cooking in Basmati rice ‘Pusa Basmati 1’. The application of EDTA-chelated Zn (12% Zn) was the best in terms of grain and straw yield and Zn concentrations in grain and straw and kernel quality before and after cooking Basmati rice. Application of ZnSO4∙7H2O (21% Zn) was the second-best treatment followed by ZnSO4∙H2O (33% Zn) and ZnSO4∙7H2O + ZnO (50% + 50%). Application of ZnO (82% Zn) had least effect in increasing the studied parameters. The lowest values were observed with control (no Zn application). Among the summer Green Manuring crops, incorporation of Sesbania aculeata (Dhaincha) was found to be the best over Crotalaria juncea (Sunhemp), Vigna unguiculata (Cowpea) and summer fallow in terms of grain and straw yield, Zn concentrations in grain and straw and kernel quality before and after cooking in Basmati rice. Zn fertilization with EDTA-chelated Zn (12% Zn) lead to 25.91 and 21.26% higher grain yield; 60.66 and 82.14% Zn-denser grains; with 13.33 and 10.92% increase in head rice recovery in Basmati rice over control (no Zn application) during 2009 and 2010, respectively.
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performance of basmati rice as influenced by Green Manuring and sulphur fertilization
Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2021Co-Authors: Sunil Mandi, Yashbir Singh ShivayAbstract:Basmati rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivation is mainly confined to the Himalayan foothill belt of Indo-Gangetic plains owing to its specific climatic requirement for its quality. Green Manuring and sulphur fertilization play an essential role for sustaining productivity and maintaining grain quality. A two-year field experiment was conducted at the research farm of the ICAR–Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India, during kharif (June–November) 2018–19. The experiment was conducted in a split-plot design with two Green manure crops such as dhaincha (Sesbania aculeata), sunhemp (Crotalaria juncea) and control in the main-plot and sulphur fertilization such as 20 kg S/ha to rice, 40 kg S/ha to rice, 20 kg S/ha to wheat, 40 kg S/ha to wheat, 20 kg S/ha both to rice and wheat, 40 kg S/ha both to rice and wheat, and control (no sulphur) in the sub-plots with three replications. Dhaincha Green Manuring recorded the highest yield attributes with 47 more effective tillers/m2, panicle length by 1.50 cm, panicle weight by 0.21 g, and numbers of filled grains by 7 compared to control. It was also recorded 22% more grain yield and higher monetary returns with a higher B:C ratio of 1.27. Application of 40 kg S/ha both to rice and wheat showed maximum Basmati rice yield attributes, higher productivity, which was statistically at par with 40 kg S/ha to rice. However, from an economic point of view 40 kg S/ha was recorded more monetary returns and average two-year extra-net returns of ₹11.784 × 103/ha than control and higher B:C ratio 1.21. Applying sulphur at 40 kg/ha to Basmati rice is recommended to harvest more yield and fetch additional monetary returns.
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consequence of divergent crop residue and Green Manuring practices on soil nutrient balance a review
Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 2019Co-Authors: Devideen Yadav, Yashbir Singh Shivay, A K Vishwakarma, Nilosha Sharma, Vikas Sharma, Anita Kumawat, A K BiswasAbstract:Immensely and unremitting rise in cost of fertilizers bound us to review the different management practices including utilizing crop residues and Green Manuring with some new findings, which can enhance soil fertility and lower the burden of high cost of cultivation. Approximately 500–550 million tonnes (Mt) crop residues are generated through different crops every year in the country. Traditionally crop residues have various uses such as animal feed, fodder, fuel, roof thatching, packaging and composting. It is estimated that one tone rice residues contains 6.1 kg nitrogen (N), 0.8 kg phosphorus (P), and 11.4 kg potassium (K). Nevertheless, a large part of the residual harvest being handle inappropriately, which fragile the world's food–production and contribute to undesirable bio–spheric changes. Such malpractices are common in developing countries, where only a small amount of residue are being recycled, while unacceptably large amounts are burned. Green manure crops are another important source for recycling of plant nutrients. Incorporation of one tonne Sesbania aculeata Green matter approximately accumulated 30.3 kg N, 7.0 kg P and 13.0 kg K ha–1. Generally farmers are unaware about systematic utilization of crop residues and Green manure crops and their usefulness in maintaining soil nutrient balance and overall health, because of which either they keep out themselves from these practices or unable to perform appositely. In this article, efforts were made to quantify residue production by different crops as well as Green manure crops, their nutrient compositions, decomposition mechanism of residues in soil and finally we explained the ways and means for crop residue management and Green Manuring practices for efficient nutrient recycling, supported with findings from our research.
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effect of summer Green Manuring crops and zinc fertilizer sources on productivity zn uptake and economics of basmati rice
Journal of Plant Nutrition, 2016Co-Authors: Amarpreet Singh, Yashbir Singh ShivayAbstract:ABSTRACTField experiments were conducted for two consecutive years on basmati rice (Oryza sativa L.) during summer and rainy seasons (April–November) of 2009 and 2010 in a sandy clay-loam soil (typic Ustochrept) at the research farm of Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of zinc fertilizer sources [ethylenediamenetetraacetic acid (EDTA)-chelated zinc (Zn; 12% Zn), zinc sulfate heptahydrate (ZnSO4.7H2O; 21% Zn), zinc sulfate monohydrate (ZnSO4.H2O; 33% Zn), zinc oxide (ZnO; 82% Zn), and ZnSO4.7H2O + ZnO (50% + 50%)] and summer Green Manuring crops [Sesbania aculeata, Crotalaria juncea and Vigna unguiculata] on productivity, Zn-uptake and economics of basmati rice. Among the summer Green Manuring crops, Sesbania aculeata accumulated highest amount of total dry matter, 5.46 and 5.77 t ha−1 during 2009 and 2010, respectively. Incorporation of Sesbania aculeata also led to a significant increase in grain, straw and biological yields, Zn conten...
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zinc application and Green Manuring enhances growth and yield in basmati rice oryza sativa l
Indian journal of plant physiology, 2015Co-Authors: Amarpreet Singh, Yashbir Singh ShivayAbstract:Zn deficiency continues to be one of the key factors in determining rice production in India, which is very sensitive to low Zn supply in submerged rice soils. In view of the above facts, field experiments were conducted during rainy (kharif) seasons (April–November) of 2009 and 2010 for two consecutive years at the research farm of the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, to evaluate the effects of summer Green Manuring crops and zinc (Zn) fertilizer sources on growth and physiological development of basmati rice (Oryza sativa L.) in basmati rice–durum wheat cropping system. The experiment was conducted in a split plot design, keeping three Green Manuring crops, viz., Sesbania aculeata (Dhaincha), Crotalaria juncea (Sunhemp), and Vigna unguiculata (Cowpea) and one summer fallow treatment as main-plot treatments and six Zn sources, viz., control (no Zn application), ZnSO4·7H2O (21 % Zn), ZnSO4·H2O (33 % Zn), ZnO (82 % Zn), ZnSO4·7H2O + ZnO (50 + 50 %) and EDTA-chelated Zn (12 % Zn) in sub-plots, with three replications. For all the Zn treatments 5 kg Zn ha−1 was applied uniformly to rice crop during both the years. Sesbania aculeata (Dhaincha) residue incorporation and EDTA-chelated Zn (12 % Zn) treatments were found to be a better combination with respect to basmati rice growth and physiological development. There was a 13.97 % increase in grain yield of basmati rice with Sesbania aculeata (Dhaincha) incorporation over control (no Green Manuring) and 23.53 % increase with EDTA-chelated Zn (12 % Zn) application over control (no Zn application). The correlation among the various yield attributes and yield indicated that all the yield attributes were highly correlated with yield. Thus, Zn fertilization along with Green manure incorporation can lead to better growth and physiological development for higher productivity of basmati rice.
A K Singh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Enhancement of Growth Parameters and Productivity of Basmati Rice through Summer Green Manuring and Zinc Fertilization
International journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management, 2014Co-Authors: A K Singh, Yashbir Singh ShivayAbstract:Field experiments were conducted during summer and rainy (kharif) seasons (April-November) of 2009 and 2010 for two consecutive years at the research farm of the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, to evaluate the effects of summer Green Manuring crops and zinc (Zn) fertilizer sources on growth and physiological development of Basmati rice (Oryza sativa L.). Summer Green manure residue incorporation and zinc fertilization significantly enhanced the growth and physiological development of Basmati rice. Incorporation of Sesbania aculeata (Dhaincha) led to a significant increase in growth parameters, yield attributes and grain and straw yields of succeeding Basmati rice. EDTA-chelated Zn (12% Zn) application significantly improved the growth parameters, yield attributes and grain and straw yields of succeeding Basmati rice over other zinc sources as well as control (no zinc application). Sesbania aculeata (Dhaincha) residue incorporation and EDTA-chelated Zn (12% Zn) treatments were found to be a better combination with respect to Basmati rice growth and physiological development. The correlation among the various yield attributes and yield indicated that all the yield attributes were highly correlated with yield. Thus, adequate Zn fertilization along with Green manure incorporation can lead to better growth and physiological development for higher productivity of Basmati rice.
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Enhancement of Growth Parameters and Productivity of Basmati Rice through Summer Green Manuring and Zinc Fertilization
International journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management, 2014Co-Authors: A K Singh, Yashbir Singh ShivayAbstract:Field experiments were conducted during summer and rainy (kharif) seasons (April-November) of 2009 and 2010 for two consecutive years at the research farm of the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, to evaluate the effects of summer Green Manuring crops and zinc (Zn) fertilizer sources on growth and physiological development of Basmati rice (Oryza sativa L.). Summer Green manure residue incorporation and zinc fertilization significantly enhanced the growth and physiological development of Basmati rice. Incorporation of Sesbania aculeata (Dhaincha) led to a significant increase in growth parameters, yield attributes and grain and straw yields of succeeding Basmati rice. EDTA-chelated Zn (12% Zn) application significantly improved the growth parameters, yield attributes and grain and straw yields of succeeding Basmati rice over other zinc sources as well as control (no zinc application). Sesbania aculeata (Dhaincha) residue incorporation and EDTA-chelated Zn (12% Zn) treatments were found to be a better combination with respect to Basmati rice growth and physiological development. The correlation among the various yield attributes and yield indicated that all the yield attributes were highly correlated with yield. Thus, adequate Zn fertilization along with Green manure incorporation can lead to better growth and physiological development for higher productivity of Basmati rice.
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Effect of Green Manuring on physico-chemical properties of soil and productivity of rice
ORYZA-An International Journal on Rice, 2009Co-Authors: R. P. Singh, P. K. Singh, A K SinghAbstract:Studies on the the effect of Green Manuring with Dhaincha (Sesbania aculeata) and Sunnhemp (Crotalaria juncea) on physico-chemical properties of soil, nitrogen uptake and productivity of rice indicated that soil pH, organic carbon, available N, available POavailable KO and nitrogen uptake recorded before 25, 2 transplanting, at 20 transplanting and after harvest of rice were affected significantly due to methods of Green Manuring and nitrogen levels. Soil pH was significantly higher in summer fallow as compared to rest of the methods of Green Manuring. Organic carbon, available N, POKO and nitrogen uptake were higher in 25, 2 Sesbania Green Manuring at 60 days after sowing. which was at par with Crotalaria Green Manuring at 60 days after sowing. Summer fallow recorded significantly lowest indices of these physico-chemical properties of soil. Application of N beyond 75 kg ha−1 did not produce significant differences. Nitrogen uptake increased significantly with increase in nitrogen level from 0 to 150 kg ha−1. The number of panicle m−2, grains panicle−1, 1000 grain weight, grain and straw yield of rice were significantly significantly higher under Green Manuring of Sesbania at 60 days after sowing followed by Crotalaria Green Manuring at 60 days after sowing.
R L Yadav - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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enhancing efficiency of fertilizer n use in rice wheat systems of indo gangetic plains by intercropping sesbania aculeata in direct seeded upland rice for Green Manuring
Bioresource Technology, 2004Co-Authors: R L YadavAbstract:Abstract A field experiment was conducted on rice–wheat system at Modipuram, India in Typic Ustochrept. Sesbania was intercropping in direct seeded rice for Green Manuring with 3 levels of Urea N (i.e., O, 60, 120 and 180 Kg N ha−1). Sesbania was turned in the soil after 30 days of sowing. Grain yields of rice and wheat were significantly greater in plots receiving Green Manuring than that without Green Manuring. In general, advantages of Green Manuring were greater at low levels of N than at higher levels, and the residual effect of Green Manuring on succeeding wheat was very small.
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rice wheat cropping system assessment of sustainability under Green Manuring and chemical fertilizer inputs
Field Crops Research, 2000Co-Authors: R L Yadav, B S Dwivedi, Purnendu Shekhar PandeyAbstract:Abstract Rice-wheat rotations are the most important cropping system of the Indo-Gangetic plains. We measured the long-term sustainability of the system for Green Manuring and chemical fertilizer input practices utilising the trends in grain yield, partial factor productivity (PFP), agronomic efficiency, benefit : cost ratio, soil organic carbon content (OC) and sustainable yield index (SYI). The data of a long-term experiment conducted at six locations in the Indo-Gangetic plain region of India revealed that grain yield and PFP of both rice and wheat declined under control (no fertilizer, no Green manure) and sub-optimal fertilizer inputs (50 or 75% recommended fertilizer NPK) at all locations. Complete dose of fertilizer NPK (100% recommended) increased grain yields as well as PFP in rice but did not prevent decline in these parameters in wheat. Partial substitution of chemical fertilizer with Sesbania Green manure, however, brought further improvement in yield and PFP in rice and the residual effect of Green manure reversed the declining trend in wheat. The SYI and agronomic efficiency of fertilizers were also greater in plots receiving 100% fertilizer NPK or Green Manuring along with 50 or 75% recommended NPK. Benefit : cost ratio of fertilizer inputs and Green Manuring practices increased in both crops and for all treatments, indicating that the benefit accruing from fertilizer improved with time. At locations with high initial OC, a depletion of OC was noticed whereas OC increased at locations with low initial OC, with OC stabilizing between 0.60 and 0.65%. Trends in grain yield, PFP and agronomic efficiency of fertilizer appear promising tools to measure sustainability of fertilizer management practices.
Esvet Acikgoz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effect of Green Manuring on the yield of sweet corn
Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 2005Co-Authors: Ilhan Turgut, Ugur Bilgili, Ahmet Duman, Esvet AcikgozAbstract:Experiments were conducted on a clay soil to assess the effects of Green Manuring of three annual legumes and nitrogen fertilization on sweet corn (Zea mays var. saccharata Sturt.), during three growing seasons (2001-2003). The Green Manuring legumes were field pea (Pisum sativum L.), common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) and faba bean (Vicia faba L.) N fertilization ranged from 0 to 360 kg ha-1. On a three-year average, field pea (3 065 kg ha-1) and common vetch (2 647 kg ha-1) consistently had higher aboveground dry matter yields than faba bean (1307 kg ha-1). Field pea and common vetch had N contents of 68.7 and 54.0 kg ha-1, respectively, in aboveground dry matter in the spring. The average N content of faba bean was only 30.0 kg ha-1. Green Manuring treatments and N fertilization had different effects on yield components of sweet corn. Average ear yields of corn were significantly greater in plots receiving Green Manuring (15 127 kg ha-1) than those without Green Manuring (13 826 kg ha-1). The ear yields following Green Manuring legumes were 33-39% higher compared with fallow under unfertilized conditions. Ear yield of corn generally increased with an increasing rate of N fertilizer. Although the combined use of Green Manuring and 240 and 360 kg ha-1 N fertilization produced high ear yields, there were no statistically significant increases beyond 120 kg ha-1 N.
A Ghosh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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comparative study on combined and individual effects of farmyard manure and Green Manuring with fertilizer n on growth and yield of rice oryza sativa under submergence prone situation
Indian Journal of Agronomy, 2007Co-Authors: A GhoshAbstract:A field experiment was conducted during 2003 and 2004 to study the combined and invidual effects of using farmyard manure (FYM), Green-manure (dhaincha: Sesbania aculeata L.) along with fertilizer N on rice (Oryza sativa L.) variety ‘Gayatri’ experiencing 10 days’ complete submergence at maximum tillering stage. The crops under both the organics (FYM and Green-Manuring) thrived better under submergence, due to greater root development, higher critical N level in plant, higher biomass production and less tiller mortality compared with their individual application. Consequently these crops gave significantly higher grain yield (3.03 tonnes/ha). The crops under both the organics ensured higher N uptake (55.50 kg/ha), apparent N recovery (38.32%) and N-use efficiency (29.50 kg grain/kg N applied).
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effect of Green Manuring with sesbania aculeata and nitrogen fertilization on the performance of direct seeded flood prone lowland rice
Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 2000Co-Authors: A R Sharma, A GhoshAbstract:Green Manuring of rice with dhaincha (Sesbania aculeata) is widely practised under irrigated puddle-transplanted conditions. In flood-prone lowlands, the rice is established through direct seeding early in the season and flooding occurs after 1–2 months of crop growth following regular rains. The low yields are due to poor crop stands and difficulty in nitrogen management under higher depths of water. The effect of Green Manuring with dhaincha intercropped with direct-seeded rice vis-a-vis the conventional practice of incorporating pure dhaincha before transplanting was investigated under flood-prone lowland conditions (up to 50–80 cm water depth) at Cuttack, India. Treatment variables studied in different years (1992, 1994 and 1995) were: rice varieties of different plant heights, crop establishment through direct seeding and transplanting, varying length of periods before dhaincha incorporation, and urea N fertilizer levels. Dhaincha accumulated 80–86 kg N ha-1 in pure stand and 58–79 kg N ha-1 when intercropped with direct-seeded rice in alternate rows at 50 days of growth. The growth of rice improved after dhaincha was uprooted manually and buried in situ between the rice rows when water depth was 10–20 cm in the field. The panicle number was lower but the panicle weight was higher with dhaincha Green Manuring than with recommended level of 40 kg N ha-1 applied as urea. The grain yield was significantly higher with direct seeding than with transplanting due to high water levels (>60 cm) immediately after transplanting. Dhaincha Manuring was at par with 40 kg N ha-1 as urea in increasing the yield of direct-seeded and transplanted crops. The highest yield of direct-seeded crop was obtained when 20 kg N ha-1 was applied at sowing and dhaincha was incorporated at 50 days of growth. The results indicate that Green Manuring of direct-seeded rice with intercropped dhaincha is beneficial for substituting urea fertilizer up to 40 kg N ha-1 and augmenting crop productivity under flood-prone lowland conditions.
