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Mark R Rosenzweig - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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technological change and the distribution of schooling evidence from Green Revolution india
Journal of Development Economics, 2004Co-Authors: Andrew D Foster, Mark R RosenzweigAbstract:Abstract In this paper, we develop a two-strata general-equilibrium model of human capital acquisition with endogenous school construction that permits an assessment of the relative impacts of technological change and school availability on schooling investments in landless and landed households and illuminates how these choices interact through the adult and child labor markets. The implications of the model are tested using a unique household-level panel data set which constitutes a representative sample of rural India during the peak period of agricultural innovation associated with the Green Revolution, 1968–1982. The empirical results indicate that the operation of the market for child labor worsens the distributional impact of agricultural productivity on school investment across landless and landed households, as landless child labor is used to replace landed child labor lost due to increased child school attendance in landed households. The results also suggest, however, that the allocation of school construction diminishes the adverse impact of technical change on the gap between landless and landed schooling investment.
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technological changes and the distribution of schooling evidence from Green Revolution in india
Social Science Research Network, 2001Co-Authors: Andrew D Foster, Mark R RosenzweigAbstract:In this paper we develop a two-strata general-equilibrium model of human capital acquisition with endogenous school construction that permits an assessment of the relative impacts of technological change and school availability on schooling investments in landless and landed households and illuminates how these choices interact through the adult and child labor markets. A key distinction is made between changes in current levels of agricultural productivity, which directly affect the demand for labor in both landless and landed households, and changes in expected agricultural technology, which only affect the contemporaneous schooling decisions and thus the labor supply of landed children. The implications of the model are assessed using a household-level panel data set which constitutes a representative sample of rural India during the peak period of agricultural innovation associated with the Green Revolution, 1968-1982. We establish that land prices capitalize expected future technologies and use the spatial and temporal variation in land prices to determine how household schooling decisions by land status are influenced by expected technological change. We find that higher expected future technology and increases in the number of schools, for given current productivity, raise schooling in landed households. However, although increased school availability also increases schooling in landless households we find that, consistent with the operation of a child labor market, high rates of expected technology for given school availability and for given current agricultural productivity tends to substantially decrease schooling investment in landless households.
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technical change and human capital returns and investments evidence from the Green Revolution
The American Economic Review, 1996Co-Authors: Andrew D Foster, Mark R RosenzweigAbstract:Panel and time-series data describing the Green-Revolution period in India are used to assess the effects of exogenous technical change on the returns to schooling, the effects of schooling on the profitability of technical change, and the effects of technical change and school availability on household schooling investment. The results indicate that the returns to (primary) schooling increased during a period of rapid technical progress, particularly in areas with the highest growth rates. Such increases induced private investment in schooling, net of changes in wealth, wages, and the availability of schools, and school expansion importantly increased levels of schooling. Copyright 1996 by American Economic Association.
Andrew D Foster - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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technological change and the distribution of schooling evidence from Green Revolution india
Journal of Development Economics, 2004Co-Authors: Andrew D Foster, Mark R RosenzweigAbstract:Abstract In this paper, we develop a two-strata general-equilibrium model of human capital acquisition with endogenous school construction that permits an assessment of the relative impacts of technological change and school availability on schooling investments in landless and landed households and illuminates how these choices interact through the adult and child labor markets. The implications of the model are tested using a unique household-level panel data set which constitutes a representative sample of rural India during the peak period of agricultural innovation associated with the Green Revolution, 1968–1982. The empirical results indicate that the operation of the market for child labor worsens the distributional impact of agricultural productivity on school investment across landless and landed households, as landless child labor is used to replace landed child labor lost due to increased child school attendance in landed households. The results also suggest, however, that the allocation of school construction diminishes the adverse impact of technical change on the gap between landless and landed schooling investment.
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technological changes and the distribution of schooling evidence from Green Revolution in india
Social Science Research Network, 2001Co-Authors: Andrew D Foster, Mark R RosenzweigAbstract:In this paper we develop a two-strata general-equilibrium model of human capital acquisition with endogenous school construction that permits an assessment of the relative impacts of technological change and school availability on schooling investments in landless and landed households and illuminates how these choices interact through the adult and child labor markets. A key distinction is made between changes in current levels of agricultural productivity, which directly affect the demand for labor in both landless and landed households, and changes in expected agricultural technology, which only affect the contemporaneous schooling decisions and thus the labor supply of landed children. The implications of the model are assessed using a household-level panel data set which constitutes a representative sample of rural India during the peak period of agricultural innovation associated with the Green Revolution, 1968-1982. We establish that land prices capitalize expected future technologies and use the spatial and temporal variation in land prices to determine how household schooling decisions by land status are influenced by expected technological change. We find that higher expected future technology and increases in the number of schools, for given current productivity, raise schooling in landed households. However, although increased school availability also increases schooling in landless households we find that, consistent with the operation of a child labor market, high rates of expected technology for given school availability and for given current agricultural productivity tends to substantially decrease schooling investment in landless households.
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technical change and human capital returns and investments evidence from the Green Revolution
The American Economic Review, 1996Co-Authors: Andrew D Foster, Mark R RosenzweigAbstract:Panel and time-series data describing the Green-Revolution period in India are used to assess the effects of exogenous technical change on the returns to schooling, the effects of schooling on the profitability of technical change, and the effects of technical change and school availability on household schooling investment. The results indicate that the returns to (primary) schooling increased during a period of rapid technical progress, particularly in areas with the highest growth rates. Such increases induced private investment in schooling, net of changes in wealth, wages, and the availability of schools, and school expansion importantly increased levels of schooling. Copyright 1996 by American Economic Association.
Futoshi Yamauchi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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social learning neighborhood effects and investment in human capital evidence from Green Revolution india
Journal of Development Economics, 2007Co-Authors: Futoshi YamauchiAbstract:"This paper empirically identifies social learning and neighborhood effects in schooling investments in a new technology regime. The estimates of learning-investment rule from farm household panel data at the onset of the Green Revolution in India, show that (1) agents learn about schooling returns from income realizations of their neighbors and (2) schooling distribution of the parents' generation in a community has externalities to schooling investments in children that are consistent with social learning. Simulations show that variations in schooling distributions within and across communities generate through social learning substantial variations in child enrollment rate and average household income. The results suggest that imperfect information hinders investment in human capital." Author's Abstract
Generose Nziguheba - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the african Green Revolution results from the millennium villages project
Advances in Agronomy, 2010Co-Authors: Generose Nziguheba, Cheryl A Palm, Tadesse Berhe, Glenn Denning, Ahmed Dicko, Omar Diouf, Willy Diru, Rafael Flor, Fred Frimpong, Rebbie HarawaAbstract:Abstract The Millennium Villages Project (MVP) was initiated in 2005 to implement the recommendations of the UN Millennium Project for achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The project is carried out in 14 sites in hunger and poverty hotspots in diverse agroecological zones in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The interventions and results for increasing staple crop yields are presented for eight MV sites and cover 52,000 farming households or 310,000 people. By supporting farmers with fertilizers, improved crop germplasm, and intensive training on appropriate agronomic practices, average yields of 3 t ha − 1 were exceeded in all sites where maize is the major crop. Teff yields doubled in the Ethiopian site. In contrast, there was little improvement in millet and groundnut yields in the semiarid and arid sites in West Africa. Over 75% of the farms had maize yields of 3 t ha − 1 and less than 10% of the households had yields lower than 2 t ha − 1 . Households produced enough maize to meet basic caloric requirements, with the exception of farms smaller than 0.2 ha in Sauri, Kenya. Value-to-cost ratios of 2 and above show that the investment in seed and fertilizer is profitable, provided surplus harvests were stored and sold at peak prices. Increased crop yields are the first step in the African Green Revolution, and must be followed by crop diversification for improving nutrition and generating income and a transition to market-based agriculture. A multisector approach that exploits the synergies among improved crop production, nutrition, health, and education is essential to achieving the MDGs.
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The African Green Revolution moves forward
Food Security, 2009Co-Authors: Pedro A. Sanchez, Glenn L. Denning, Generose NziguhebaAbstract:The African Green Revolution is starting to gain momentum and there is now optimism about sub-Saharan Africa’s ability to rapidly increase its agricultural productivity. This is partly due to some key successes—at the local and national levels—of policies that support smallholder farmers. The 80 Millennium Villages, which comprise approximately 400,000 people in ten countries of sub-Saharan Africa, have drastically increased production of staple food crops, transforming food deficits into crop surpluses. Maize yields more than doubled at the village scale, from 1.7 to 4.1 tons ha^−1. In Malawi, because of a smart input subsidy program implemented by the government, maize harvests have greatly surpassed those of previous years, turning that country from a recipient of food aid into a food exporter and food aid donor to neighboring countries. Other countries are beginning to implement similar efforts. They will require novel financial mechanisms from the donor community to support them adequately. There is little question that sub-Saharan Africa can greatly improve food security with an ecologically-sound African Green Revolution supported by science-based policies, community mobilization, gender empowerment and effective governance.
Joel Negin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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integrating a broader notion of food security and gender empowerment into the african Green Revolution
Food Security, 2009Co-Authors: Joel Negin, Roseline Remans, Susan Karuti, Jessica FanzoAbstract:A Green Revolution for Africa is emerging after decades of neglect of Africa’s agricultural systems. To counter these years of neglect, the then United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan called for “a uniquely African Green Revolution”. Since then, a number of initiatives have emerged or are emerging to realize this important vision. As more money and attention galvanizes much-needed action on the African Green Revolution, a vigorous debate is required to ensure that the mission of improving food security on the world’s poorest continent is achieved in the most effective, comprehensive and inclusive manner possible. The African Green Revolution cannot be limited to increasing yields of staple crops but must be designed as a driver of sustainable development, which includes gender empowerment and nutrition elements. This paper first reviews the Asian Green Revolution’s successes and shortcomings from a nutrition and gender perspective and then outlines what the global community can do to ensure that some of the limitations of the Asian Green Revolution, specifically with regard to nutrition and gender, are not repeated.
