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Peter J. Joris - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effects of tree nut and Groundnut consumption compared with those of l-arginine supplementation on fasting and postprandial flow-mediated vasodilation: Meta-analysis of human randomized controlled trials.
Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh Scotland), 2020Co-Authors: Ellen T.h.c. Smeets, Ronald P. Mensink, Peter J. JorisAbstract:l-arginine supplementation may improve vascular endothelial function. As tree nuts and Groundnuts are a source of the amino acid l-arginine, we performed a meta-analysis of human randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to compare effects of tree nut and Groundnut consumption with those of l-arginine supplementation on fasting and postprandial endothelial function as assessed by flow-mediated vasodilation of the brachial artery (FMD). Summary estimates of weighted mean differences (WMDs) in FMD and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random-effect meta-analyses. A total of thirteen RCTs focusing on tree nut and Groundnut consumption and nineteen RCTs investigating effects of l-arginine supplementation were included. Longer-term consumption of tree nuts and Groundnuts increased fasting FMD by 1.09 %-point (PP) (95% CI: 0.49, 1.69, P < 0.001; I2: 76.7%, P < 0.001), while l-arginine supplementation (daily range: 3-21 g) increased fasting FMD by 0.53 PP (95% CI: 0.12, 0.93; P = 0.012; I2: 91.6%, P < 0.001). Effects between treatments were not statistically different (P = 0.31). Tree nut and Groundnut consumption did not affect postprandial FMD responses (1.25 PP, 95% CI: -0.31, 2.81, P = 0.12; I2: 91.4%, P < 0.001), whereas l-arginine supplementation (range: 3-15 g) improved FMD during the postprandial phase by 2.02 PP (95% CI: 0.92, 3.13, P < 0.001; I2: 99.1%, P < 0.001). However, treatment effects did not differ significantly (P = 0.60). Overall, these results derive from high-quality evidence. Longer-term consumption of tree nuts and Groundnuts, as well as l-arginine supplementation did improve fasting endothelial function, as assessed by FMD. However, the positive effects of tree nuts and Groundnuts could not be fully explained by the amount of l-arginine in these nuts. Only l-arginine supplementation did improve postprandial FMD, but effects were not different from those of tree nuts and Groundnuts. Future studies should focus on the identifications of the bioactive nutrients in tree nuts and Groundnuts and mechanistic pathways behind differences in postprandial and longer-term fasting changes in FMD. Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.
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Effects of tree nut and Groundnut consumption compared with those of l-arginine supplementation on fasting and postprandial flow-mediated vasodilation: Meta-analysis of human randomized controlled trials.
Clinical Nutrition, 2020Co-Authors: Ellen T.h.c. Smeets, Ronald P. Mensink, Peter J. JorisAbstract:Summary Introduction l -arginine supplementation may improve vascular endothelial function. As tree nuts and Groundnuts are a source of the amino acid l -arginine, we performed a meta-analysis of human randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to compare effects of tree nut and Groundnut consumption with those of l -arginine supplementation on fasting and postprandial endothelial function as assessed by flow-mediated vasodilation of the brachial artery (FMD). Methods Summary estimates of weighted mean differences (WMDs) in FMD and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random-effect meta-analyses. Results A total of thirteen RCTs focusing on tree nut and Groundnut consumption and nineteen RCTs investigating effects of l -arginine supplementation were included. Longer-term consumption of tree nuts and Groundnuts increased fasting FMD by 1.09 %-point (PP) (95% CI: 0.49, 1.69, P l -arginine supplementation (daily range: 3–21 g) increased fasting FMD by 0.53 PP (95% CI: 0.12, 0.93; P = 0.012; I2: 91.6%, P l -arginine supplementation (range: 3–15 g) improved FMD during the postprandial phase by 2.02 PP (95% CI: 0.92, 3.13, P Conclusion Longer-term consumption of tree nuts and Groundnuts, as well as l -arginine supplementation did improve fasting endothelial function, as assessed by FMD. However, the positive effects of tree nuts and Groundnuts could not be fully explained by the amount of l -arginine in these nuts. Only l -arginine supplementation did improve postprandial FMD, but effects were not different from those of tree nuts and Groundnuts. Future studies should focus on the identifications of the bioactive nutrients in tree nuts and Groundnuts and mechanistic pathways behind differences in postprandial and longer-term fasting changes in FMD.
Ellen T.h.c. Smeets - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effects of tree nut and Groundnut consumption compared with those of l-arginine supplementation on fasting and postprandial flow-mediated vasodilation: Meta-analysis of human randomized controlled trials.
Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh Scotland), 2020Co-Authors: Ellen T.h.c. Smeets, Ronald P. Mensink, Peter J. JorisAbstract:l-arginine supplementation may improve vascular endothelial function. As tree nuts and Groundnuts are a source of the amino acid l-arginine, we performed a meta-analysis of human randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to compare effects of tree nut and Groundnut consumption with those of l-arginine supplementation on fasting and postprandial endothelial function as assessed by flow-mediated vasodilation of the brachial artery (FMD). Summary estimates of weighted mean differences (WMDs) in FMD and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random-effect meta-analyses. A total of thirteen RCTs focusing on tree nut and Groundnut consumption and nineteen RCTs investigating effects of l-arginine supplementation were included. Longer-term consumption of tree nuts and Groundnuts increased fasting FMD by 1.09 %-point (PP) (95% CI: 0.49, 1.69, P < 0.001; I2: 76.7%, P < 0.001), while l-arginine supplementation (daily range: 3-21 g) increased fasting FMD by 0.53 PP (95% CI: 0.12, 0.93; P = 0.012; I2: 91.6%, P < 0.001). Effects between treatments were not statistically different (P = 0.31). Tree nut and Groundnut consumption did not affect postprandial FMD responses (1.25 PP, 95% CI: -0.31, 2.81, P = 0.12; I2: 91.4%, P < 0.001), whereas l-arginine supplementation (range: 3-15 g) improved FMD during the postprandial phase by 2.02 PP (95% CI: 0.92, 3.13, P < 0.001; I2: 99.1%, P < 0.001). However, treatment effects did not differ significantly (P = 0.60). Overall, these results derive from high-quality evidence. Longer-term consumption of tree nuts and Groundnuts, as well as l-arginine supplementation did improve fasting endothelial function, as assessed by FMD. However, the positive effects of tree nuts and Groundnuts could not be fully explained by the amount of l-arginine in these nuts. Only l-arginine supplementation did improve postprandial FMD, but effects were not different from those of tree nuts and Groundnuts. Future studies should focus on the identifications of the bioactive nutrients in tree nuts and Groundnuts and mechanistic pathways behind differences in postprandial and longer-term fasting changes in FMD. Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.
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Effects of tree nut and Groundnut consumption compared with those of l-arginine supplementation on fasting and postprandial flow-mediated vasodilation: Meta-analysis of human randomized controlled trials.
Clinical Nutrition, 2020Co-Authors: Ellen T.h.c. Smeets, Ronald P. Mensink, Peter J. JorisAbstract:Summary Introduction l -arginine supplementation may improve vascular endothelial function. As tree nuts and Groundnuts are a source of the amino acid l -arginine, we performed a meta-analysis of human randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to compare effects of tree nut and Groundnut consumption with those of l -arginine supplementation on fasting and postprandial endothelial function as assessed by flow-mediated vasodilation of the brachial artery (FMD). Methods Summary estimates of weighted mean differences (WMDs) in FMD and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random-effect meta-analyses. Results A total of thirteen RCTs focusing on tree nut and Groundnut consumption and nineteen RCTs investigating effects of l -arginine supplementation were included. Longer-term consumption of tree nuts and Groundnuts increased fasting FMD by 1.09 %-point (PP) (95% CI: 0.49, 1.69, P l -arginine supplementation (daily range: 3–21 g) increased fasting FMD by 0.53 PP (95% CI: 0.12, 0.93; P = 0.012; I2: 91.6%, P l -arginine supplementation (range: 3–15 g) improved FMD during the postprandial phase by 2.02 PP (95% CI: 0.92, 3.13, P Conclusion Longer-term consumption of tree nuts and Groundnuts, as well as l -arginine supplementation did improve fasting endothelial function, as assessed by FMD. However, the positive effects of tree nuts and Groundnuts could not be fully explained by the amount of l -arginine in these nuts. Only l -arginine supplementation did improve postprandial FMD, but effects were not different from those of tree nuts and Groundnuts. Future studies should focus on the identifications of the bioactive nutrients in tree nuts and Groundnuts and mechanistic pathways behind differences in postprandial and longer-term fasting changes in FMD.
Ronald P. Mensink - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effects of tree nut and Groundnut consumption compared with those of l-arginine supplementation on fasting and postprandial flow-mediated vasodilation: Meta-analysis of human randomized controlled trials.
Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh Scotland), 2020Co-Authors: Ellen T.h.c. Smeets, Ronald P. Mensink, Peter J. JorisAbstract:l-arginine supplementation may improve vascular endothelial function. As tree nuts and Groundnuts are a source of the amino acid l-arginine, we performed a meta-analysis of human randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to compare effects of tree nut and Groundnut consumption with those of l-arginine supplementation on fasting and postprandial endothelial function as assessed by flow-mediated vasodilation of the brachial artery (FMD). Summary estimates of weighted mean differences (WMDs) in FMD and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random-effect meta-analyses. A total of thirteen RCTs focusing on tree nut and Groundnut consumption and nineteen RCTs investigating effects of l-arginine supplementation were included. Longer-term consumption of tree nuts and Groundnuts increased fasting FMD by 1.09 %-point (PP) (95% CI: 0.49, 1.69, P < 0.001; I2: 76.7%, P < 0.001), while l-arginine supplementation (daily range: 3-21 g) increased fasting FMD by 0.53 PP (95% CI: 0.12, 0.93; P = 0.012; I2: 91.6%, P < 0.001). Effects between treatments were not statistically different (P = 0.31). Tree nut and Groundnut consumption did not affect postprandial FMD responses (1.25 PP, 95% CI: -0.31, 2.81, P = 0.12; I2: 91.4%, P < 0.001), whereas l-arginine supplementation (range: 3-15 g) improved FMD during the postprandial phase by 2.02 PP (95% CI: 0.92, 3.13, P < 0.001; I2: 99.1%, P < 0.001). However, treatment effects did not differ significantly (P = 0.60). Overall, these results derive from high-quality evidence. Longer-term consumption of tree nuts and Groundnuts, as well as l-arginine supplementation did improve fasting endothelial function, as assessed by FMD. However, the positive effects of tree nuts and Groundnuts could not be fully explained by the amount of l-arginine in these nuts. Only l-arginine supplementation did improve postprandial FMD, but effects were not different from those of tree nuts and Groundnuts. Future studies should focus on the identifications of the bioactive nutrients in tree nuts and Groundnuts and mechanistic pathways behind differences in postprandial and longer-term fasting changes in FMD. Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.
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Effects of tree nut and Groundnut consumption compared with those of l-arginine supplementation on fasting and postprandial flow-mediated vasodilation: Meta-analysis of human randomized controlled trials.
Clinical Nutrition, 2020Co-Authors: Ellen T.h.c. Smeets, Ronald P. Mensink, Peter J. JorisAbstract:Summary Introduction l -arginine supplementation may improve vascular endothelial function. As tree nuts and Groundnuts are a source of the amino acid l -arginine, we performed a meta-analysis of human randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to compare effects of tree nut and Groundnut consumption with those of l -arginine supplementation on fasting and postprandial endothelial function as assessed by flow-mediated vasodilation of the brachial artery (FMD). Methods Summary estimates of weighted mean differences (WMDs) in FMD and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random-effect meta-analyses. Results A total of thirteen RCTs focusing on tree nut and Groundnut consumption and nineteen RCTs investigating effects of l -arginine supplementation were included. Longer-term consumption of tree nuts and Groundnuts increased fasting FMD by 1.09 %-point (PP) (95% CI: 0.49, 1.69, P l -arginine supplementation (daily range: 3–21 g) increased fasting FMD by 0.53 PP (95% CI: 0.12, 0.93; P = 0.012; I2: 91.6%, P l -arginine supplementation (range: 3–15 g) improved FMD during the postprandial phase by 2.02 PP (95% CI: 0.92, 3.13, P Conclusion Longer-term consumption of tree nuts and Groundnuts, as well as l -arginine supplementation did improve fasting endothelial function, as assessed by FMD. However, the positive effects of tree nuts and Groundnuts could not be fully explained by the amount of l -arginine in these nuts. Only l -arginine supplementation did improve postprandial FMD, but effects were not different from those of tree nuts and Groundnuts. Future studies should focus on the identifications of the bioactive nutrients in tree nuts and Groundnuts and mechanistic pathways behind differences in postprandial and longer-term fasting changes in FMD.
Farid Waliyar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Aflatoxin B_1 levels in Groundnut products from local markets in Zambia
Mycotoxin Research, 2017Co-Authors: Samuel M C Njoroge, Limbikani Matumba, Farid Waliyar, Kennedy Kanenga, Moses Siambi, Joseph Maruwo, Norah Machinjiri, Emmanuel S. MonyoAbstract:In Zambia, Groundnut products (milled Groundnut powder, Groundnut kernels) are mostly sold in under-regulated markets. Coupled with the lack of quality enforcement in such markets, consumers may be at risk to aflatoxin exposure. However, the level of aflatoxin contamination in these products is not known. Compared to Groundnut kernels, milled Groundnut powder obscures visual indicators of aflatoxin contamination in Groundnuts such as moldiness, discoloration, insect damage or kernel damage. A survey was therefore conducted from 2012 to 2014, to estimate and compare aflatoxin levels in these products ( n = 202), purchased from markets in important Groundnut growing districts and in urban areas. Samples of whole Groundnut kernels ( n = 163) and milled Groundnut powder ( n = 39) were analysed for aflatoxin B_1 (AFB_1) by competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA). Results showed substantial AFB_1 contamination levels in both types of Groundnut products with maximum AFB_1 levels of 11,100 μg/kg (Groundnut kernels) and 3000 μg/kg (milled Groundnut powder). However, paired t test analysis showed that AFB_1 contamination levels in milled Groundnut powder were not always significantly higher ( P > 0.05) than those in Groundnut kernels. Even for products from the same vendor, AFB_1 levels were not consistently higher in milled Groundnut powder than in whole Groundnut kernels. This suggests that vendors do not systematically sort out whole Groundnut kernels of visually poor quality for milling. However, the overall contamination levels of Groundnut products with AFB_1 were found to be alarmingly high in all years and locations. Therefore, solutions are needed to reduce aflatoxin levels in such under-regulated markets.
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occurrence and distribution of aflatoxin contamination in Groundnuts arachis hypogaea l and population density of aflatoxigenic aspergilli in malawi
Crop Protection, 2012Co-Authors: Emmanuel Monyo, Farid Waliyar, Samuel M C Njoroge, R Coe, M Osiru, F Madinda, R P Thakur, T Chilunjika, Seetha AnithaAbstract:Abstract Groundnut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) is susceptible to pre- and post-harvest infections by Aspergillus spp. Aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ), is the contaminant produced by the fungus in infected grains posing a threat to human and animal health. This paper reports of a study undertaken in Malawi to determine the occurrence and distribution of Aflatoxigenic Aspergilli in the soil and AFB 1 contamination in Groundnuts. A total of 1397 Groundnut samples collected from farm homesteads, local markets, warehouses and shops in 2008 and 2009 were analyzed for AFB 1 contamination using the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and A. Aspergilli population densities in 1053 soil samples collected from the same sites were estimated using serial dilutions plated on A. Aspergilli medium. Farmer socio-economic profile information was also collected to determine relationships to AFB 1 contamination. The results revealed 46% and 23% of the total samples, from 2008 to 2009, respectively, had AFB 1 contamination levels greater than 4 ppb, and those above 20 ppb were 21% for 2008 and 8% for 2009, respectively. Fitted smooth curve relationships show that there is a clear increase in the chance of Groundnut contamination when the population density of A. Aspergilli in the soil increased beyond 3000 (log (cfu) > 8). The measured level of A. Aspergilli in soil varied by location, as well as ecologies within location. Low-altitude ecologies, which were warmer and experienced low precipitation levels, had the highest densities of A. Aspergilli , whereas cooler high-altitude ecologies had the lowest density of these fungi. Similarly high AFB 1 contamination, was recorded across the country with 11–28% of all samples collected from the warm low to mid-altitude ecologies recording contamination ≥20 ppb and low contamination (2–10% of samples) in the mid to high altitude cool ecologies. From a crop management perspective, this study also suggests that both less experienced and older farmers were more likely to produce Groundnuts contaminated with aflatoxin. These findings have implications in the design of intervention strategies to avoid short- and long-term human health effects from aflatoxin exposure.
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Critical periods of soil pest damage to Groundnut in intercropped Groundnut/sorghum in northern Nigeria
African Entomology, 2004Co-Authors: V.c. Umeh, Farid Waliyar, O. Ajayi, B. OmarAbstract:Control of Groundnut soil pests is seldom undertaken by resource-poor farmers in Nigeria, mainly due to ignorance of the appropriate control methods or lack of financial resources to purchase the necessary pesticides. In order to recommend to farmers appropriate control periods for the major soil pests of Groundnuts and thus minimize cost, field trials were set up in farmers' fields at two sites in the Sudan savanna zone of northern Nigeria in 1996 and 1997 to monitor soil pests. Results showed that the major soil pests were termites, whitegrubs and millipedes. Termite attack on Groundnut increased with plant maturity whereas whitegrub and millipede attacks were most critical at the early growth and pod formation stages, respectively. Therefore, resource-poor Groundnut farmers in termite- or millipede-endemic areas may achieve some degree of control by applying pesticides at pegging to guard against the critical period of attack on soft or mature pods. In areas where Groundnut is more prone to whitegrub attack, pesticide application will be most effective at the early stage of plant growth. Where all three groups of pests threaten Groundnut production, a minimum of two pesticide applications, one at early plant growth and the second at pegging, is suggested.
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Surveys of viral diseases on Groundnut and maize in Africa
1992Co-Authors: Michel Dollet, M. Perterschmitt, J.c. Mortreuil, Jean Dubern, Jean-claude Thouvenel, Farid WaliyarAbstract:LPRC (Phytovirology Laboratory for Warm Countries) CIRAD/ORSTOM is dedicated to the study of virus diseases of tropical crops. CIRADDRHO and CIRADDRAT are two departments of CIRAD involved in the development of the cultivation of Groundnut and maize in Africa. In collaboration with ORSTOM Research Center of Dakar, the National Center of Dakar (Senegal) and the National Center for Agronomic Research of Bambey (Senegal) intensive surveys of Groundnut virus diseases were undertaken in 1986. From these surveys it was evident that Peanut Clump disease, which was thought to be confined to the region of Bambey, was in fact distributed all over Senegal extending from the Senegal River to the frontier with Gambia. Furthermore we could identify a great deal of variability in symptomatology induced by peanut clump virus (PCV) in Groundnuts. This observation prompted us to initiate a research programme to study the variability of PCV.
B A Siame - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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control of tribolium confusum j du val by diatomaceous earth protect it on stored Groundnut arachis hypogaea and aspergillus flavus link spore dispersal
African Journal of Food Agriculture Nutrition and Development, 2010Co-Authors: S Mohale, J Allotey, B A SiameAbstract:Environmental and human health problems associated with the use of synthetic pesticides have prompted the demand for non-polluting, biologically specific insecticides. The current study assessed the losses caused by Tribolium confusum and its control by diatomaceous earth and the effect on Aspergillus flavus spore dispersal during storage of Groundnuts. When losses due to Tribolium confusum were assessed over a period of 60 days, it was found that an increase in insect population in stored Groundnuts resulted in increased weight loss of stored Groundnuts. The true weight loss due to insect feeding was 0.60 g per 400 g of stored Groundnuts. When diatomaceous earth (DE) was applied to Groundnuts followed by the introduction of insects in a compartment (A), increased mortality of insects with increased diatomaceous earth concentration was observed. For a concentration range of 0-2.5 g DE/kg Groundnut, 2.5 g/kg treatment was the most effective (only 5 surviving T. confusum adults out of 50 were recovered in samples treated with 2.5 g/kg compared to 38 adults in the control samples). Larval emergence from Groundnuts treated with DE also declined with increased diatomaceous earth concentration. When Groundnuts were inoculated with A. flavus spores, followed by DE application and T. confusum introduction into compartment A, the transfer of spores between inoculated Groundnut samples in compartment A and uninoculated samples in compartment B was reduced. The mean A. flavus spore concentration recovered from initially sterile compartment B was1.08x103; while it was 45 in the control and in samples treated with 2.5 g/kg dosage respectively. There was a significant difference in the mean numbers of spores recovered from Groundnuts in different compartments (A, B) (H = 13.99, df = 4 and P = 0.007). Thus, from this study, losses due to T. confusum on Groundnuts and fungal spore transfer in storage by this insect can be minimized by the application of diatomaceous earth (Protect-ItO) to stored Groundnuts. Key words: Groundnut, Tribolium confusum , Diatomaceous earth
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Control of Tribolium confusum J. du val by diatomaceous earth (Protect It™) on stored Groundnut ( Arachis hypogaea ) and aspergillus flavus link spore dispersal
African Journal of Food Agriculture Nutrition and Development, 2010Co-Authors: S Mohale, J Allotey, B A SiameAbstract:Environmental and human health problems associated with the use of synthetic pesticides have prompted the demand for non-polluting, biologically specific insecticides. The current study assessed the losses caused by Tribolium confusum and its control by diatomaceous earth and the effect on Aspergillus flavus spore dispersal during storage of Groundnuts. When losses due to Tribolium confusum were assessed over a period of 60 days, it was found that an increase in insect population in stored Groundnuts resulted in increased weight loss of stored Groundnuts. The true weight loss due to insect feeding was 0.60 g per 400 g of stored Groundnuts. When diatomaceous earth (DE) was applied to Groundnuts followed by the introduction of insects in a compartment (A), increased mortality of insects with increased diatomaceous earth concentration was observed. For a concentration range of 0-2.5 g DE/kg Groundnut, 2.5 g/kg treatment was the most effective (only 5 surviving T. confusum adults out of 50 were recovered in samples treated with 2.5 g/kg compared to 38 adults in the control samples). Larval emergence from Groundnuts treated with DE also declined with increased diatomaceous earth concentration. When Groundnuts were inoculated with A. flavus spores, followed by DE application and T. confusum introduction into compartment A, the transfer of spores between inoculated Groundnut samples in compartment A and uninoculated samples in compartment B was reduced. The mean A. flavus spore concentration recovered from initially sterile compartment B was1.08x103; while it was 45 in the control and in samples treated with 2.5 g/kg dosage respectively. There was a significant difference in the mean numbers of spores recovered from Groundnuts in different compartments (A, B) (H = 13.99, df = 4 and P = 0.007). Thus, from this study, losses due to T. confusum on Groundnuts and fungal spore transfer in storage by this insect can be minimized by the application of diatomaceous earth (Protect-ItO) to stored Groundnuts. Key words: Groundnut, Tribolium confusum , Diatomaceous earth
