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Daniel A Potter - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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incidence of turf damaging white grubs coleoptera scarabaeidae and associated pathogens and parasitoids on kentucky golf courses
Environmental Entomology, 2010Co-Authors: Carl T Redmond, Daniel A PotterAbstract:Root-feeding grubs (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) were sampled from damaged areas of 61 irrigated roughs on 32 Kentucky golf courses to determine species composition and natural enemy incidence, the first such survey in the United States' transitional turfgrass climatic zone. Masked chafers (Cyclocephala lurida Bland and C. borealis Arrow) and Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica Newman) accounted for ≈73 and 26% of grubs found in an autumn survey, with Cyclocephala spp. predominating at most sites, although mixed infestations were common. Only a few Phyllophaga spp., and no exotic species other than P. japonica were found. Cyclocephala spp. also predominated in seasonal and statewide surveys regardless of whether a course had cool- or warm-season grass fairways. Pathogenic bacteria, Paenibacillus and Serratia spp., and the autumn-active parasitoid Tiphia pygidialis Allen were the main enemies associated with Cyclocephala spp. Predominant enemies of P. japonica were Paenibacillus, Serratia, and Metarhizium spp. in autumn, and eugregarines, Stictospora sp. (probably S. villani Hays and Clopton) and Tiphia vernalis Rohwer in spring. Entomopathogenic nematodes and the microsporidian Ovavesicula popilliae Andreadis & Hanula were nearly absent in our samples. No predictive relationships were found between soil parameters and proportionate abundance of Cyclocephala or P. japonica, or with natural enemy incidence at particular sites. Although incidence of individual enemies was generally low (<20%; often <5%) in these point-in-time surveys, collectively and over their hosts' prolonged development they may take a significant toll on grub populations.
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incidence of turf damaging white grubs coleoptera scarabaeidae and associated pathogens and parasitoids on kentucky golf courses
Environmental Entomology, 2010Co-Authors: Carl T Redmond, Daniel A PotterAbstract:Root-feeding grubs (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) were sampled from damaged areas of 61 irrigated roughs on 32 Kentucky golf courses to determine species composition and natural enemy incidence, the first such survey in the United States' transitional turfgrass climatic zone. Masked chafers (Cyclocephala lurida Bland and C. borealis Arrow) and Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica Newman) accounted for ≈73 and 26% of grubs found in an autumn survey, with Cyclocephala spp. predominating at most sites, although mixed infestations were common. Only a few Phyllophaga spp., and no exotic species other than P. japonica were found. Cyclocephala spp. also predominated in seasonal and statewide surveys regardless of whether a course had cool- or warm-season grass fairways. Pathogenic bacteria, Paenibacillus and Serratia spp., and the autumn-active parasitoid Tiphia pygidialis Allen were the main enemies associated with Cyclocephala spp. Predominant enemies of P. japonica were Paenibacillus, Serratia, and Metarhizium spp. in autumn, and eugregarines, Stictospora sp. (probably S. villani Hays and Clopton) and Tiphia vernalis Rohwer in spring. Entomopathogenic nematodes and the microsporidian Ovavesicula popilliae Andreadis & Hanula were nearly absent in our samples. No predictive relationships were found between soil parameters and proportionate abundance of Cyclocephala or P. japonica, or with natural enemy incidence at particular sites. Although incidence of individual enemies was generally low (<20%; often <5%) in these point-in-time surveys, collectively and over their hosts' prolonged development they may take a significant toll on grub populations.
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behavioral changes in japanese beetle and masked chafer grubs coleoptera scarabaeidae after parasitism by tiphiid wasps hymenoptera tiphiidae
Environmental Entomology, 2003Co-Authors: Michael E Rogers, T J Cole, Sonny B Ramaswamy, Daniel A PotterAbstract:We studied effects of parasitism by two Tiphia species (Hymenoptera: Tiphiidae) on burrowing behavior of their respective scarabaeid hosts and tested the hypothesis that parasitoid alteration of host hormones accounts for the observed behavioral change. In turf field-plots, third-instar masked chafer grubs, Cyclocephala sp., parasitized by native Tiphia pygidialis Allen burrowed to depths of 12-16 cm within 21 d, whereas nonparasitized grubs remained in the upper 4 cm of soil. Grubs bearing an egg or early-instar Tiphia larva were found relatively close to the surface, whereas those with a fourth- or fifth-instar parasitoid were deeper. Experiments in soil-filled, vertical observation chambers confirmed downward movement by parasitized Cyclocephala, and similar response in third-instar Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica Newman, parasitized by Tiphia vernalis Rohwer. Removal of the Tiphia egg from masked chafers was followed by initial downward movement of grubs and then a gradual ascent, suggesting that host behavior is affected both by the venomous sting and feeding by the wasp larva. Significant but inconsistent differences were found in juvenile hormone-III (JH III) titers in hemolymph taken from nonparasitized grubs or grubs parasitized for 1 or 14 d. Topical application of JH III and methoprene acid resulted in grubs moving deeper into the soil, whereas injection of 20-hydroxyecdysone did not affect grub behavior. Failure to dig deeply enough in soil when sampling for parasitized scarab grubs or Tiphia cocoons likely will result in underestimation of parasitism rates.
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kairomones from scarabaeid grubs and their frass as cues in below ground host location by the parasitoids tiphia vernalis and tiphia pygidialis
Entomologia Experimentalis Et Applicata, 2002Co-Authors: Michael E Rogers, Daniel A PotterAbstract:Cues used in below-ground host-searching behaviour and host discrimination were examined for Tiphia vernalis Rohwer and Tiphia pygidialis Allen (Hymenoptera: Tiphiidae), ecto-parasitoids of root-feeding larvae of the Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica Newman, and masked chafers, Cyclocephala spp. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), respectively. Response to potential stimuli was compared in dual choice tests in an observation chamber filled with soil. Each wasp showed species-specific, directed movement along residual body odor trails made by dragging its respective host through the soil. Presence of a grub was not necessary for wasps to follow such trails. Frass from either host- or non-host grubs elicited trail-following, but each Tiphia species followed frass trails from its respective host when a choice was presented. Frass trails elicited stronger responses than body odor trails. The combination of host frass and body odor elicited the strongest trail-following responses. Our results suggest that once in the soil, Tiphia spp. locate their hosts using contact kairomones present in grub body odor trails and frass.
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tolerance of cool season turf grasses to feeding by japanese beetle and southern masked chafer coleoptera scarabaeidae grubs
Journal of Economic Entomology, 1995Co-Authors: Berry A Crutchfield, Daniel A PotterAbstract:Response of Kentucky bluegrass, Poa pratensis L.; tall fescue, Festuca arundinacea Schreber; hard fescue, F ovina L. var. duriuscula; perennial rye grass, Lolium perenne L.; and creeping bent grass, Agrostis palustris (Hudson), to herbivory by root-feeding by grubs of Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica Newman, and southern masked chafer, Cyclocephala lunda Bland, was evaluated in greenhouse trials. Potted turf grasses were infested with initial densities equivalent to 73 or 146 grubs per 0.1 m2 in spring and fall trials, and effects on plant growth and grub survival were determined. All turf grasses tolerated significant damage to roots without loss of foliage yield. In fact, feeding by grubs stimulated increased growth of foliage in some grasses. With comparable densities of grubs, loss of roots tended to be proportionately less in creeping bent grass than in other grass species. Survival of grubs was similar in all turf grasses, and between low and high grub densities. P. japonica caused greater loss of roots than C. lurida in the spring trial, but the reverse was true in the fall. Root loss per grub decreased with increasing larval density, suggesting food limitation even though root systems were not completely devoured. Implications of these findings for tolerance and recovery of grub-damaged turf grasses are discussed.
Andrzej Bednarek - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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beauveria brongniartii sacc petch against melolontha spp white grubs in forest nurseries with different soil ph forestry serie a
Folia forestalia Polonica, 2016Co-Authors: Alicja Sierpinska, Elzbieta Popowskanowak, Andrzej BednarekAbstract:In 2011, the General Directorate of State Forests in Poland managed 669 forest nurseries on the total area of 2411 ha that produced forest tree seedlings bare root systems, hence vulnerable to Melolontha spp. white grubs. Up to date, no chemical or biological plant protection product for control of cockchafer grubs in forests has been registered in Poland. The study was carried out with the aim to evaluate the efficacy of a biocontrol product Bovecol with BP strain of Beauveria brongniartii on sterilized wheat grain in control of Melolontha spp. white grubs in forest nurseries, established on acidic soils (with pH analogous to that of forest soils) as well as on those alkaline. The active substance of Bovecol was 10⁸ fungal conidia per 1g of the product. Study plots were established in 3 bareroot nurseries, situated in the areas with different soil reaction values and abundant populations of Melolontha spp. white grubs (assessed before Bovecol treatments). The product was applied against L₁ larvae (rates in the Czerniawka and Baltow nurseries: 120 kg/ha and 240 kg/ha) and against L₂ larvae (the Ilki nursery: 240 kg/ha). Grub population numbers were assessed 2, 3 and 4 months after the treatments. Application of Bovecol against L₁ into the soil with neutral reaction (pH 6.8) caused the reduction of white grub numbers in 2 months, down to the threshold recommended by the Instruction of the protection of forests (mandatory guidelines for the protection of Poland’s State Forests), i.e. less than 1 grub/sampling pit. Bovecol treatment against L₁ cockchafer larvae into acidic soil (pH 4.8) had no statistically significant effect on the reduction of grub population numbers, even 4 months after product application. Bovecol treatment against L₂ larvae applied into the soil with medium pH value (5.3) gave poorer results when compared to the soil with pH 6.8, but considerably better – when compared to the soil with pH 4.8. The selection of a fungal strain with insecticidal properties against soil insect pests should include the evaluation of strain requirements with regard to soil pH range – optimal for germination, development and growth of a given strain.
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beauveria brongniartii sacc petch against melolontha spp white grubs in forest nurseries with different soil ph
Folia Forestalia Polonica: Series A - Forestry, 2015Co-Authors: Alicja Sierpinska, Elzbieta Popowskanowak, Andrzej BednarekAbstract:In 2011, the General Directorate of State Forests in Poland managed 669 forest nurseries on the total area of 2411 ha that produced forest tree seedlings bare root systems, hence vulnerable to Melolontha spp. white grubs. Up to date, no chemical or biological plant protection product for control of cockchafer grubs in forests has been registered in Poland. The study was carried out with the aim to evaluate the efficacy of a biocontrol product Bovecol with BP strain of Beauveria brongniartii on sterilized wheat grain in control of Melolontha spp. white grubs in forest nurseries, established on acidic soils (with pH analogous to that of forest soils) as well as on those alkaline. The active substance of Bovecol was 10 8 fungal conidia per 1g of the product. Study plots were established in 3 bareroot nurseries, situated in the areas with different soil reaction values and abundant populations of Melolontha spp. white grubs (assessed before Bovecol treatments). The product was applied against L1 larvae (rates in the Czerniawka and Baltow nurseries: 120 kg/ha and 240 kg/ha) and against L2 larvae (the Ilki nursery: 240 kg/ha). Grub population numbers were assessed 2, 3 and 4 months after the treatments. Application of Bovecol against L1 into the soil with neutral reaction (pH 6.8) caused the reduction of white grub numbers in 2 months, down to the threshold recommended by the Instruction of the protection of forests (mandatory guidelines for the protection of Poland’s State Forests), i.e. less than 1 grub/sampling pit. Bovecol treatment against L1 cockchafer larvae into acidic soil (pH 4.8) had no statistically significant effect on the reduction of grub population numbers, even 4 months after product application. Bovecol treatment against L2 larvae applied into the soil with medium pH value (5.3) gave poorer results when compared to the soil with pH 6.8, but considerably better – when compared to the soil with pH 4.8. The selection of a fungal strain with insecticidal properties against soil insect pests should include the evaluation of strain requirements with regard to soil pH range – optimal for germination, development and growth of a given strain.
Carl T Redmond - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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incidence of turf damaging white grubs coleoptera scarabaeidae and associated pathogens and parasitoids on kentucky golf courses
Environmental Entomology, 2010Co-Authors: Carl T Redmond, Daniel A PotterAbstract:Root-feeding grubs (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) were sampled from damaged areas of 61 irrigated roughs on 32 Kentucky golf courses to determine species composition and natural enemy incidence, the first such survey in the United States' transitional turfgrass climatic zone. Masked chafers (Cyclocephala lurida Bland and C. borealis Arrow) and Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica Newman) accounted for ≈73 and 26% of grubs found in an autumn survey, with Cyclocephala spp. predominating at most sites, although mixed infestations were common. Only a few Phyllophaga spp., and no exotic species other than P. japonica were found. Cyclocephala spp. also predominated in seasonal and statewide surveys regardless of whether a course had cool- or warm-season grass fairways. Pathogenic bacteria, Paenibacillus and Serratia spp., and the autumn-active parasitoid Tiphia pygidialis Allen were the main enemies associated with Cyclocephala spp. Predominant enemies of P. japonica were Paenibacillus, Serratia, and Metarhizium spp. in autumn, and eugregarines, Stictospora sp. (probably S. villani Hays and Clopton) and Tiphia vernalis Rohwer in spring. Entomopathogenic nematodes and the microsporidian Ovavesicula popilliae Andreadis & Hanula were nearly absent in our samples. No predictive relationships were found between soil parameters and proportionate abundance of Cyclocephala or P. japonica, or with natural enemy incidence at particular sites. Although incidence of individual enemies was generally low (<20%; often <5%) in these point-in-time surveys, collectively and over their hosts' prolonged development they may take a significant toll on grub populations.
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incidence of turf damaging white grubs coleoptera scarabaeidae and associated pathogens and parasitoids on kentucky golf courses
Environmental Entomology, 2010Co-Authors: Carl T Redmond, Daniel A PotterAbstract:Root-feeding grubs (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) were sampled from damaged areas of 61 irrigated roughs on 32 Kentucky golf courses to determine species composition and natural enemy incidence, the first such survey in the United States' transitional turfgrass climatic zone. Masked chafers (Cyclocephala lurida Bland and C. borealis Arrow) and Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica Newman) accounted for ≈73 and 26% of grubs found in an autumn survey, with Cyclocephala spp. predominating at most sites, although mixed infestations were common. Only a few Phyllophaga spp., and no exotic species other than P. japonica were found. Cyclocephala spp. also predominated in seasonal and statewide surveys regardless of whether a course had cool- or warm-season grass fairways. Pathogenic bacteria, Paenibacillus and Serratia spp., and the autumn-active parasitoid Tiphia pygidialis Allen were the main enemies associated with Cyclocephala spp. Predominant enemies of P. japonica were Paenibacillus, Serratia, and Metarhizium spp. in autumn, and eugregarines, Stictospora sp. (probably S. villani Hays and Clopton) and Tiphia vernalis Rohwer in spring. Entomopathogenic nematodes and the microsporidian Ovavesicula popilliae Andreadis & Hanula were nearly absent in our samples. No predictive relationships were found between soil parameters and proportionate abundance of Cyclocephala or P. japonica, or with natural enemy incidence at particular sites. Although incidence of individual enemies was generally low (<20%; often <5%) in these point-in-time surveys, collectively and over their hosts' prolonged development they may take a significant toll on grub populations.
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influence of turfgrass species and tall fescue endophyte on feeding ecology of japanese beetle and southern masked chafer grubs coleoptera scarabaeidae
Journal of Economic Entomology, 1992Co-Authors: Daniel A Potter, Cary G Patterson, Carl T RedmondAbstract:Suitability of six cool-season turfgrasses, including tall fescue, festuca arundinacea Schreb., infected or not infected by the endophyte Acremonium coenophialum Morgan-Jones & Gams, was studied for root-feeding grubs of the Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica Newman, and the southern masked chafer, Cyclocephala lurida Bland. Larval growth, survival, food use, effects of larval diet on adult weight and fecundity, and natural incidence of grubs were investigated in laboratory, greenhouse, and field assays. Hard fescue, Festuca ovina var. duriuscula L., endophyte-free tall fescue, and perennial ryegrass, Lolium perenne L., were generally more favorable than creeping bentgrass, Agrostis palustris (Huds.), for growth of C. lurida, whereas Kentucky bluegrass, Poa pratensis L., was a relatively poor host for both grub species. Variation in nitrogen content of roots is apparently too small to explain these differences. Roots of endophyte-infected tall fescue contained 93 micrograms/g N-formyl loline, a level previously shown to deter grub feeding on artificial medium. However, this study suggests that antixenosis may not occur in the presence of the stimulus complex in tall fescue roots. Survival or growth or both of neonate first instars were lower on endophyte-infected than on endophyte-free tall fescue. However, response of older instars was variable, and there was no measurable effect of endophyte on density or weight of grubs in field plots or on fecundity of P. japonica adults that emerged from endophyte-infected turf. Variation in susceptibility of cool-season turfgrasses to white grubs is probably affected more by differences in their ability to tolerate the feeding damage than by their inherent suitability as food.
Alicja Sierpinska - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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beauveria brongniartii sacc petch against melolontha spp white grubs in forest nurseries with different soil ph forestry serie a
Folia forestalia Polonica, 2016Co-Authors: Alicja Sierpinska, Elzbieta Popowskanowak, Andrzej BednarekAbstract:In 2011, the General Directorate of State Forests in Poland managed 669 forest nurseries on the total area of 2411 ha that produced forest tree seedlings bare root systems, hence vulnerable to Melolontha spp. white grubs. Up to date, no chemical or biological plant protection product for control of cockchafer grubs in forests has been registered in Poland. The study was carried out with the aim to evaluate the efficacy of a biocontrol product Bovecol with BP strain of Beauveria brongniartii on sterilized wheat grain in control of Melolontha spp. white grubs in forest nurseries, established on acidic soils (with pH analogous to that of forest soils) as well as on those alkaline. The active substance of Bovecol was 10⁸ fungal conidia per 1g of the product. Study plots were established in 3 bareroot nurseries, situated in the areas with different soil reaction values and abundant populations of Melolontha spp. white grubs (assessed before Bovecol treatments). The product was applied against L₁ larvae (rates in the Czerniawka and Baltow nurseries: 120 kg/ha and 240 kg/ha) and against L₂ larvae (the Ilki nursery: 240 kg/ha). Grub population numbers were assessed 2, 3 and 4 months after the treatments. Application of Bovecol against L₁ into the soil with neutral reaction (pH 6.8) caused the reduction of white grub numbers in 2 months, down to the threshold recommended by the Instruction of the protection of forests (mandatory guidelines for the protection of Poland’s State Forests), i.e. less than 1 grub/sampling pit. Bovecol treatment against L₁ cockchafer larvae into acidic soil (pH 4.8) had no statistically significant effect on the reduction of grub population numbers, even 4 months after product application. Bovecol treatment against L₂ larvae applied into the soil with medium pH value (5.3) gave poorer results when compared to the soil with pH 6.8, but considerably better – when compared to the soil with pH 4.8. The selection of a fungal strain with insecticidal properties against soil insect pests should include the evaluation of strain requirements with regard to soil pH range – optimal for germination, development and growth of a given strain.
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beauveria brongniartii sacc petch against melolontha spp white grubs in forest nurseries with different soil ph
Folia Forestalia Polonica: Series A - Forestry, 2015Co-Authors: Alicja Sierpinska, Elzbieta Popowskanowak, Andrzej BednarekAbstract:In 2011, the General Directorate of State Forests in Poland managed 669 forest nurseries on the total area of 2411 ha that produced forest tree seedlings bare root systems, hence vulnerable to Melolontha spp. white grubs. Up to date, no chemical or biological plant protection product for control of cockchafer grubs in forests has been registered in Poland. The study was carried out with the aim to evaluate the efficacy of a biocontrol product Bovecol with BP strain of Beauveria brongniartii on sterilized wheat grain in control of Melolontha spp. white grubs in forest nurseries, established on acidic soils (with pH analogous to that of forest soils) as well as on those alkaline. The active substance of Bovecol was 10 8 fungal conidia per 1g of the product. Study plots were established in 3 bareroot nurseries, situated in the areas with different soil reaction values and abundant populations of Melolontha spp. white grubs (assessed before Bovecol treatments). The product was applied against L1 larvae (rates in the Czerniawka and Baltow nurseries: 120 kg/ha and 240 kg/ha) and against L2 larvae (the Ilki nursery: 240 kg/ha). Grub population numbers were assessed 2, 3 and 4 months after the treatments. Application of Bovecol against L1 into the soil with neutral reaction (pH 6.8) caused the reduction of white grub numbers in 2 months, down to the threshold recommended by the Instruction of the protection of forests (mandatory guidelines for the protection of Poland’s State Forests), i.e. less than 1 grub/sampling pit. Bovecol treatment against L1 cockchafer larvae into acidic soil (pH 4.8) had no statistically significant effect on the reduction of grub population numbers, even 4 months after product application. Bovecol treatment against L2 larvae applied into the soil with medium pH value (5.3) gave poorer results when compared to the soil with pH 6.8, but considerably better – when compared to the soil with pH 4.8. The selection of a fungal strain with insecticidal properties against soil insect pests should include the evaluation of strain requirements with regard to soil pH range – optimal for germination, development and growth of a given strain.
Andrzej Kolk - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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efficacy of brassica juncea granulated seed meal against melolontha grubs
Industrial Crops and Products, 2015Co-Authors: Lidia Sukovata, Tomasz Jaworski, Andrzej KolkAbstract:Abstract The grubs of Melolontha melolontha and Melolontha hippocastani damage the roots of many plants and are therefore considered serious pests in agriculture, horticulture and forestry in central and eastern Europe. Since the implementation of legislative regulations banning the use of synthetic insecticides against these pests in soil, alternative methods have gained high priority. The plants of the family Brassicaceae have recently received much attention due to the high content of glucosinolates (GSLs) in their tissues. The GSL breakdown products are highly biocidal in relation to many soil-borne pests. We tested Brassica juncea granulated seed meal against Melolontha grubs under semi-natural (the concentration-response experiments) and field conditions. The efficacy and the indirect lethal concentrations of GSLs that were necessary to obtain 50% and 95% grub mortality (ILC50 and ILC95, respectively) were estimated. The concentration-response experiments revealed that the ILC50 of GSLs dominated by sinigrin (97%) for the L1, L2 and L3 grubs was 118.4, 167.1 and 173.5 μmol/L, respectively, and the ILC95 was 293.3, 312.7 and 401.7 μmol/L, respectively. Under field conditions, the mortality of the L3 grubs in the plots that were treated with granulated B. juncea seed meal at ILC99.8 was almost twice as high (82.2%) as that of the grubs in the untreated plots (45.4%), and the changes in the grub density with time in these plots were significantly different. The results of our experiments demonstrate the high potential of soil biofumigation using B. juncea granulated seed meal to control Melolontha grubs.
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the performance of melolontha grubs on the roots of various plant species
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 2015Co-Authors: Lidia Sukovata, Tomasz Jaworski, Piotr Karolewski, Andrzej KolkAbstract:Melolontha grubs are polyphagous and are adapted to feeding on plants of varying nutritional value. Our research sought to investigate whether host plant quality affects first-instar grub development, weight gain, or mortality. Ten plant taxa of the families Polygonaceae, Brassicaceae, Asteraceae, Fabaceae, and Pinaceae were tested. The quality of each plant species was estimated based on the root content of phenols, condensed tannins, soluble sugars, starch, nitrogen, and carbon. Retarded development, high mortality, and low weight gain were observed in grubs feeding on roots of Fagopyrum esculentum, Brassica rapa subsp. rapifera, and B. napus, whereas Tanacetum vulgare, Trifolium repens, and Lupinus polyphyllus roots proved to be the most beneficial for larval performance. Weight gain was positively correlated with the concentration of soluble sugars and starch in the plant roots. Starch was also positively correlated with the percentage of molted grubs. The revealed positive correlations may be explained by the fact that nonstructural sugars constitute an energy source that is essential for grub movement in the soil. Plant species that negatively affect cockchafer grubs may be used in integrated plant protection against these pests in agriculture, horticulture, and, to some extent, in forestry, e.g., in nurseries and postagricultural lands.
