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Carlos E A Coimbra - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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estado nutricional de criancas indigenas Guarani nos estados do rio de janeiro e sao paulo brasil
Cadernos De Saude Publica, 2014Co-Authors: Carla Tatiana Garcia Barreto, Andrey Moreira Cardoso, Carlos E A CoimbraAbstract:This article reports the results of a nutritional survey among Guarani indigenous children < 5 years of age in the States of Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo, Brazil. Prevalence rates for malnutrition according to various anthropometric indices were 50.4% (low stature-for-age), 7.9% (low weight-for-age), and 0.8% (low weight-for-stature). Prevalence of stunting in Guarani children was 96% higher than for indigenous children in Brazil as a whole (25.7%) and 7.2 times that in children from the general population (7%). Prevalence of anemia was 65.2%, 3.1 times higher than in non-indigenous children (20.9%). The study highlights the high prevalence of chronic undernutrition and anemia in Guarani children and calls attention to serious inequalities in health and nutrition that affect indigenous children in Brazil.
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risk factors for hospital admission due to acute lower respiratory tract infection in Guarani indigenous children in southern brazil a population based case control study
Tropical Medicine & International Health, 2013Co-Authors: Andrey Moreira Cardoso, Carlos E A Coimbra, Guilherme Loureiro WerneckAbstract:Objective To assess risk factors associated with hospital admission due to acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRTI) in indigenous Guarani children <5 years of age in southern Brazil. Methods Population-based matched case–control study from May 2007 to June 2008 in 81 Guarani villages. Cases were defined as hospital admissions due to confirmed ALRTI. Two controls free from acute respiratory infection, matched according to age, sex and place of residence, were selected for each case at the time of the case's hospitalisation. Both cases and controls were recruited by a surveillance routine established for the study. Results The analysis was performed on 120 cases and 201 controls. The risk factors that remained significantly associated with hospitalisation due to ALRTI in the hierarchical multivariate conditional logistic regression were: low stable monthly per capita household income (
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morbidade hospitalar indigena Guarani no sul e sudeste do brasil
Revista Brasileira De Epidemiologia, 2010Co-Authors: Andrey Moreira Cardoso, Carlos E A Coimbra, Felipe Guimaraes TavaresAbstract:Studies on hospital morbidity among Brazilian indigenous peoples are relatively recent, show limited coverage, and lack data sources capable of generating specific indicators according to ethnic group. The current study describes hospital morbidity in the indigenous population living in 83 Guarani villages in Southern and Southeastern Brazil (N=6,483), based on primary data obtained from a hospital admissions surveillance system implemented in 2007-2008, specifically for a case-control study on acute respiratory infections (ARI) in Guarani children. During the study period there were 666 hospitalizations in a total of 497 individuals, the majority under 5 years of age (71.9%). Respiratory illnesses were the main causes of hospitalization (64.6%), especially in children (<5 years: 77.6%; <1 year: 83.4%) and exceeded the proportions of hospital admissions from these causes in other indigenous groups. The overall hospitalization rate (per 100 person-years) was 8.8, or 71.4 under 1 year and 21.0 from 1 to 4 years of age. The ARI hospitalization rate (5.3) was 6.5 and 2.0 times higher than for diarrhea and other causes, respectively, while in children under 5 years of age (ARI=23.7) these differences were 7.4 and 5.4 times, respectively. The standardized Guarani hospitalization rate exceeded the standardized rates for the South and Southeast of Brazil by 40% and 210%, respectively. Hospitalization for primary care sensitive conditions and the high ARI rates indicate the need for studies to understand the epidemiology of ARI and investments to upgrade primary health care for the Guarani.
Ivana Beatrice Mânica Da Cruz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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guarana a highly caffeinated food presents in vitro antitumor activity in colorectal and breast cancer cell lines by inhibiting akt mtor s6k and mapks pathways
Nutrition and Cancer, 2017Co-Authors: Francine Carla Cadoná, Verônica Farina Azzolin, Charles Elias Assmann, Euler Esteves Ribeiro, Jose Luis Rosa, Taiane Schneider, Monica Cubillosrojas, Susana Sancheztena, Alencar Kolinski Machado, Ivana Beatrice Mânica Da CruzAbstract:ABSTRACTThe mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) pathways are frequently upregulated in cancer. Some authors have reported that some antioxidant molecules could be potential inhibitors of these pathways. Therefore, we investigated the in vitro antitumor effect of guarana by inhibiting the AKT/mTOR/S6K and MAPKs pathways. Colorectal and breast cancer cell lineages, HT-29 and MCF-7 cells, respectively, were exposed to different guarana concentrations (0.1, 1, 10, and 100 µg/mL) as well as its main bioactive molecule, caffeine, in proportional concentrations to those found in the extract. Western blot, clonogenic assay, and growth curve were performed. Moreover, we investigated the potential cytotoxic effect of guarana in normal cells. The results revealed that guarana and caffeine inhibited some MAPKs proteins (p-p38 and p-HSP27) in MCF-7 cells. However, they did not affect this pathway in HT-29 cells. Furthermore, guarana inhibited mTORC1 (p-S6K) and mTORC2 (p-...
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Guaraná, a supplement rich in caffeine and catechin, modulates cytokines: evidence from human in vitro and in vivo protocols
European Food Research and Technology, 2014Co-Authors: Cristina Costa Krewer, Euler Esteves Ribeiro, Leila Suleiman, Thaís Doeler Algarve, Marta Maria Medeiros Frescura Duarte, Clarice Pinheiro Mostardeiro, Marco Aurélio Echart Montano, Maria Izabel De Ugalde Marques Da Rocha, Guilherme Bresciani, Ivana Beatrice Mânica Da CruzAbstract:Guaraná powder is an antiobesogenic supplement; however, its effect on inflammatory biomarkers has not yet been determined. Therefore, this study analysed whether guaraná supplementation can differentially modulate the levels of proinflammatory cytokines [interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), interferon-gamma (Ig-γ)] and anti-inflammatory interleukin 10 (IL-10) from in vitro and in vivo protocols. In the pilot in vitro protocol, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were exposed to guaraná, as well as to resveratrol, quercetin and ascorbic acid as positive controls. The effect of guaraná on cytokine levels was also evaluated in culture medium supplemented with glucose and insulin. A randomised, placebo-controlled in vivo assay was also performed to evaluate the potential influence of guaraná on the blood cytokine levels of 14 healthy volunteers supplemented for 14 days. The effect of guaraná was similar to that of resveratrol, a known anti-inflammatory molecule, decreasing IL-1β, IL-10 and Ig-γ levels and increasing IL-10 levels compared to those of the control group. The in vitro insulin supplementation potentiated the effect of guaraná on some cytokines. A decreasing effect on the blood inflammatory cytokine levels, along with an increase in IL-10 levels, was also observed in volunteers supplemented with guaraná. In conclusion, guaraná positively modulates cytokines associated with inflammatory metabolism.
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guarana paullinia cupana kunth effects on ldl oxidation in elderly people an in vitro and in vivo study
Lipids in Health and Disease, 2013Co-Authors: Rafael De Lima Portella, Ivana Beatrice Mânica Da Cruz, Euler Esteves Ribeiro, Rômulo Pillon Barcelos, Edovando José Flores Da Rosa, Leila Suleiman, Félix Alexandre Antunes SoaresAbstract:Previous experimental investigations have suggested that guarana (Paullinia cupana Kunth, supplied by EMBRAPA Oriental) consumption is associated with a lower prevalence of cardiovascular metabolic diseases and has positive effects on lipid metabolism, mainly related to low density lipoprotein (LDL) levels. As LDL oxidation is an important initial event in the development of atherosclerosis, we performed in vitro and in vivo studies to observe the potential effects of guarana on LDL and serum oxidation. The in vivo protocol was performed using blood samples from 42 healthy elderly subjects who habitually ingested guarana (GI) or never ingested guarana (NG). The formation of conjugated dienes (CDs) was analyzed from serum samples. The in vitro protocols were performed using LDL obtained from 3 healthy, non-fasted, normolipidemic voluntary donors who did not habitually ingest guarana in their diets. The LDL samples were exposed to 5 different guarana concentrations (0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1, and 5 μg/mL). GI subjects demonstrated lower LDL oxidation than did NG subjects (reduction of 27%, p < 0.0014), independent of other variables. In the GI group the total polyphenols was positively associated with LDL levels. Also, guarana demonstrated a high antioxidant activity in vitro, mainly at concentrations of 1 and 5 μg/mL, demonstrated by suppression of CDs and TBARS productions, tryptophan destruction and high TRAP activity. Guarana, similar to other foods rich in caffeine and catechins such as green tea, has some effect on LDL oxidation that could partially explain the protective effects of this food in cardiometabolic diseases.
Andrey Moreira Cardoso - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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estado nutricional de criancas indigenas Guarani nos estados do rio de janeiro e sao paulo brasil
Cadernos De Saude Publica, 2014Co-Authors: Carla Tatiana Garcia Barreto, Andrey Moreira Cardoso, Carlos E A CoimbraAbstract:This article reports the results of a nutritional survey among Guarani indigenous children < 5 years of age in the States of Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo, Brazil. Prevalence rates for malnutrition according to various anthropometric indices were 50.4% (low stature-for-age), 7.9% (low weight-for-age), and 0.8% (low weight-for-stature). Prevalence of stunting in Guarani children was 96% higher than for indigenous children in Brazil as a whole (25.7%) and 7.2 times that in children from the general population (7%). Prevalence of anemia was 65.2%, 3.1 times higher than in non-indigenous children (20.9%). The study highlights the high prevalence of chronic undernutrition and anemia in Guarani children and calls attention to serious inequalities in health and nutrition that affect indigenous children in Brazil.
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risk factors for hospital admission due to acute lower respiratory tract infection in Guarani indigenous children in southern brazil a population based case control study
Tropical Medicine & International Health, 2013Co-Authors: Andrey Moreira Cardoso, Carlos E A Coimbra, Guilherme Loureiro WerneckAbstract:Objective To assess risk factors associated with hospital admission due to acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRTI) in indigenous Guarani children <5 years of age in southern Brazil. Methods Population-based matched case–control study from May 2007 to June 2008 in 81 Guarani villages. Cases were defined as hospital admissions due to confirmed ALRTI. Two controls free from acute respiratory infection, matched according to age, sex and place of residence, were selected for each case at the time of the case's hospitalisation. Both cases and controls were recruited by a surveillance routine established for the study. Results The analysis was performed on 120 cases and 201 controls. The risk factors that remained significantly associated with hospitalisation due to ALRTI in the hierarchical multivariate conditional logistic regression were: low stable monthly per capita household income (
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morbidade hospitalar indigena Guarani no sul e sudeste do brasil
Revista Brasileira De Epidemiologia, 2010Co-Authors: Andrey Moreira Cardoso, Carlos E A Coimbra, Felipe Guimaraes TavaresAbstract:Studies on hospital morbidity among Brazilian indigenous peoples are relatively recent, show limited coverage, and lack data sources capable of generating specific indicators according to ethnic group. The current study describes hospital morbidity in the indigenous population living in 83 Guarani villages in Southern and Southeastern Brazil (N=6,483), based on primary data obtained from a hospital admissions surveillance system implemented in 2007-2008, specifically for a case-control study on acute respiratory infections (ARI) in Guarani children. During the study period there were 666 hospitalizations in a total of 497 individuals, the majority under 5 years of age (71.9%). Respiratory illnesses were the main causes of hospitalization (64.6%), especially in children (<5 years: 77.6%; <1 year: 83.4%) and exceeded the proportions of hospital admissions from these causes in other indigenous groups. The overall hospitalization rate (per 100 person-years) was 8.8, or 71.4 under 1 year and 21.0 from 1 to 4 years of age. The ARI hospitalization rate (5.3) was 6.5 and 2.0 times higher than for diarrhea and other causes, respectively, while in children under 5 years of age (ARI=23.7) these differences were 7.4 and 5.4 times, respectively. The standardized Guarani hospitalization rate exceeded the standardized rates for the South and Southeast of Brazil by 40% and 210%, respectively. Hospitalization for primary care sensitive conditions and the high ARI rates indicate the need for studies to understand the epidemiology of ARI and investments to upgrade primary health care for the Guarani.
Ricardo Hirata - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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el valor de la entrada en vigor del acuerdo sobre el sistema acuifero Guarani
2018Co-Authors: Ricardo Hirata, Francesco Sindico, Alberto ManganelliAbstract:Los cuatro paises del Sistema Acuifero Guarani (SAG) (Argentina, Brasil, Paraguay y Uruguay) se encuentran ante una oportunidad unica de hacer historia al tener entre sus manos uno de los pocos instrumentos juridicos internacionales negociado para promover la gestion de un acuifero transfronterizo: el Acuerdo sobre el Acuifero Guarani suscrito por los cuatro paises en San Juan, Argentina, el 2 de agosto de 2010. A dia de hoy (27 de abril de 2017) solo dos paises (Uruguay y Argentina en 2012) han ratificado dicho Acuerdo, pero el 02 de mayo de 2017 el Senado brasileno ha aprobado el Acuerdo Guarani abriendo la puerta a su ratificacion. Ademas, el tema del Acuerdo Guarani vuelve a ser objeto de discusion en Paraguay.
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geochemical and stable isotopic evolution of the Guarani aquifer system in the state of sao paulo brazil
Hydrogeology Journal, 2002Co-Authors: Ondra Sracek, Ricardo HirataAbstract:The purpose of this report is to explain geochemical and stable isotopes trends in the Brazilian unit of the Guarani Aquifer System (Botucatu and Piramboia aquifers) in Sao Paulo State, Brazil. Trends of dissolved species concentrations and geochemical modeling indicated a significant role of cation exchange and dissolution of carbonates in downgradient evolution of groundwater chemistry. Loss of calcium by the exchange for sodium drives dissolution of carbonates and results in Na–HCO3 type of groundwater. The cation-exchange front moves downgradient at probably much slower rate compared to the velocity of groundwater flow and at present is located near to the cities of Sertaozinho and Aguas de Santa Barbara (wells PZ-34 and PZ-148, respectively) in a shallow confined area, 50–70 km from the recharge zone. Part of the sodium probably enters the Guarani Aquifer System. together with chloride and sulfate from the underlying Piramboia Formation by diffusion related to the dissolution of evaporates like halite and gypsum. High concentrations of fluorine (up to 13.3 mg/L) can be explained by dissolution of mineral fluoride also driven by cation exchange. However, it is unclear if the dissolution takes place directly in the Guarani Aquifer System or in the overlying basaltic Serra Geral Formation. There is depletion in δ2H and δ18O values in groundwater downgradient. Values of δ13C(DIC) are enriched downgradient, indicating dissolution of calcite under closed system conditions. Values of δ13C(DIC) in deep geothermal wells are very high (>–6.0‰) and probably indicate isotopic exchange with carbonates with δ13C about –3.0‰. Future work should be based on evaluation of vertical fluxes and potential for penetration of contamination to the Guarani Aquifer System.
Judith Tonhauser - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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temporal reference in paraguayan Guarani a tenseless language
Linguistics and Philosophy, 2011Co-Authors: Judith TonhauserAbstract:This paper contributes data from Paraguayan Guarani (Tupi-Guarani) to the discussion of how temporal reference is determined in tenseless languages. The empirical focus of this study is on finite clauses headed by verbs inflected only for person/number information, which are compatible only with non-future temporal reference in most matrix clause contexts. The paper first explores the possibility of accounting for the temporal reference of such clauses with a phonologically empty non-future tense morpheme, along the lines of Matthewson’s (Linguist Philos 29:673–713, 2006) analysis of a similar phenomenon in St’at’imcets (Salish). This analysis is then contrasted with one according to which temporal reference is not constrained by tense in Paraguayan Guarani, but only by context and temporal adverbials. A comparison of the two analyses, both of which are couched in a dynamic semantic framework, suggests empirical and theoretical advantages of the tenseless analysis over the tensed one. The paper concludes with a discussion of cross-linguistic variation of temporal reference in tensed and tenseless languages.
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the synchrony and diachrony of differential object marking in paraguayan Guarani
Language Variation and Change, 2010Co-Authors: Cory Shain, Judith TonhauserAbstract:This paper explores the synchrony and diachrony of differential object marking in Paraguayan Guarani on the basis of a quantitative study of a corpus of naturally occurring data of the modern language and an investigation of object marking in a 17th-century catechism. We show that both animacy and topicality, but not definiteness, affect whether a direct object is marked in modern Guarani, a finding that has implications for cross-linguistic theories of differential object marking, not all of which recognize topicality as a factor. We also find no categorical constraints on differential object marking in Guarani, contrary to Bossong (1985b). Our study of the 17th-century catechism provides further support for Bossong's (1985b, 2009) claim that Guarani did not have differential object marking when it came into contact with Spanish. The paper concludes with a discussion of the hypothesis that differential object marking in Guarani resulted from contact with Spanish.
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Nominal Tense? The Meaning of Guaraní Nominal Temporal Markers
Language, 2008Co-Authors: Judith TonhauserAbstract:Paraguayan Guarani has nominal markers that affect the temporal interpretation of the noun phrase they attach to. On the basis of data collected during recent fieldwork in Paraguay, I explore in this article the lexical semantic, semantic, and discourse properties of these nominal temporal markers and develop a semantic analysis that accounts for their meaning and use. I then address the claim (made e.g. in Nordlinger & Sadler 2004) that such markers are nominal past and future tenses. A comparison of the properties of verbal temporal markers to those of the Guarani nominal markers reveals that the Guarani nominal markers share few of the properties of verbal tenses and hence should not be called nominal tenses. I conclude by addressing the implications of these findings for theories of temporality.*