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Antonio Gasbarrini - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Gut Microbiota and metabolic syndrome.
Internal and emergency medicine, 2020Co-Authors: Francesca D'aversa, Francesca Romana Ponziani, Annalisa Tortora, Gianluca Ianiro, Brigida Eleonora Annicchiarico, Antonio GasbarriniAbstract:Symbiosis is the result of the relationship between Gut Microbiota and human surfaces; in fact, it regulates many functions such as metabolic and protective ones. It is widely known that any changes in the microbes in Gut Microbiota (dysbiosis) and the regulation of mucosal and systemic host's immunity have been linked to different diseases such as metabolic syndromes and associated disorders. Recent studies report an aberrant Gut Microbiota and an alteration of Gut microbial metabolic activities in obese subjects, with an important influence of a number of human physiological functions. Most studies suggest that diet, especially the high-fat low-fiber western-style diet, dramatically impacts on Gut Microbiota composition and functions in those patients with metabolic syndrome. A deeper knowledge of a specific Microbiota profile associated with increased risk of metabolic disease and its subsequent modification induced by prebiotics, probiotics or targeted antibiotics will be necessary for the development of new therapeutic approaches in the treatment of metabolic disease.
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Gut Microbiota and aging.
European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences, 2018Co-Authors: F. Mangiola, A Nicoletti, Antonio Gasbarrini, Francesca Romana PonzianiAbstract:: The hypothesis of an important role of Gut Microbiota in maintaining physiological state into the gastrointestinal (GI) system is supported by qualitative and quantitative alteration of the intestinal flora in a number of physiological and pathological condition as shown in several studies. The evidence of the inflammatory state alteration, highlighted in neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's strongly recalls the Microbiota disturbance, highly suggesting a link between the gastrointestinal system and cognitive functions. Given this perspective, looking at the mutual influence between Microbiota products, inflammation mediators and immune system, the modulation of Gut Microbiota may help to facilitate a physiological and non-pathological aging process and, perhaps, to contrast the progression of degenerating mechanisms. Some studies have already characterized Gut Microbiota in elderly, with promising results. Future studies should be designed to better understand the correlation between the Gut Microbiota, the ageing process and degenerative diseases typical of the elderly.
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The role of diet on Gut Microbiota composition
European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences, 2016Co-Authors: Stefano Bibbò, Antonio Gasbarrini, Gianluca Ianiro, Valentina Giorgio, Franco Scaldaferri, Luca Masucci, Giovanni CammarotaAbstract:: Gut Microbiota is characterized by an inter-individual variability due to genetic and environmental factors. Among the environmental ones, dietary habits play a key role in the modulation of Gut Microbiota composition. There are main differences between the intestinal Microbiota of subjects fed with prevalent Western diet and that of subjects with a diet rich in fibers. Specific changes in the composition of Gut Microbiota have been demonstrated among subjects according to a different dietary intake. A particular diet may promote the growth of specific bacterial strains, driving hosts to a consequent alteration of fermentative metabolism, with a direct effect on intestinal pH, which can be responsible for the development of a pathogenic flora. Moreover, a high-fat diet can promote the development of a pro-inflammatory Gut Microbiota, with a consequent increase of intestinal permeability and, consequently, of circulating levels of lipopolysaccharides. In this review, we discuss the direct role of the diet in the composition of Gut Microbiota and about the possible clinical consequences.
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Gut Microbiota in autism and mood disorders.
World Journal of Gastroenterology, 2016Co-Authors: F. Mangiola, Gianluca Ianiro, Francesco Franceschi, Stefano Fagiuoli, Giovanni Gasbarrini, Antonio GasbarriniAbstract:The hypothesis of an important role of Gut Microbiota in the maintenance of physiological state into the gastrointestinal (GI) system is supported by several studies that have shown a qualitative and quantitative alteration of the intestinal flora in a number of gastrointestinal and extra-gastrointestinal diseases. In the last few years, the importance of Gut Microbiota impairment in the etiopathogenesis of pathology such as autism, dementia and mood disorder, has been raised. The evidence of the inflammatory state alteration, highlighted in disorders such as schizophrenia, major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder, strongly recalls the Microbiota alteration, highly suggesting an important role of the alteration of GI system also in neuropsychiatric disorders. Up to now, available evidences display that the impairment of Gut Microbiota plays a key role in the development of autism and mood disorders. The application of therapeutic modulators of Gut Microbiota to autism and mood disorders has been experienced only in experimental settings to date, with few but promising results. A deeper assessment of the role of Gut Microbiota in the development of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), as well as the advancement of the therapeutic armamentarium for the modulation of Gut Microbiota is warranted for a better management of ASD and mood disorders.
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Review article: Alcohol and Gut Microbiota - the possible role of Gut Microbiota modulation in the treatment of alcoholic liver disease.
Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 2015Co-Authors: Gabriele Angelo Vassallo, Antonio Gasbarrini, Antonio Mirijello, Anna Ferrulli, Mariangela Antonelli, Raffaele Landolfi, Giovanni AddoloratoAbstract:SummaryBackground Alcohol abuse represents the most common cause of liver disease in the Western countries. Pre-clinical and clinical studies showed that alcohol consumption affects amount and composition of Gut Microbiota. Moreover, Gut flora plays an important role in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver injury. Aim To review the relationship between alcohol administration and changes on Gut Microbiota, its involvement in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease, and how Gut Microbiota modulation could be a target for the treatment of alcoholic liver disease. Methods Articles were identified using the PubMed database with the search terms ‘Alcohol’, ‘Gut Microbiota’, ‘Alcoholic liver disease’, ‘Probiotic’, ‘Prebiotic’, ‘Symbiotic’ and ‘Antibiotic’. English-language articles were screened for relevance. Full review of publications for the relevant studies was conducted, including additional publications that were identified from individual article reference lists. Results Alcohol abuse induces changes in the composition of Gut Microbiota, although the exact mechanism for this alteration is not well known. The translocation of bacterial products into the portal blood appears to play a key role in alcohol-induced liver damage. Several studies show that the modulation of Gut Microbiota seem to be a promising strategy to reduce alcohol-induced liver injury. Conclusions Further studies are needed to better understand the relationship between alcohol administration and changes in Gut Microbiota, and its involvement in alcoholic liver disease. Moreover larger studies are needed to confirm the preliminary results on the therapeutic effects of Gut Microbiota modulation.
Sai Manasa Jandhyala - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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role of the normal Gut Microbiota
World Journal of Gastroenterology, 2015Co-Authors: Sai Manasa Jandhyala, Chivkula Subramanyam, Harish Vuyyuru, M. Sasikala, Rupjyoti Talukdar, Nageshwar Reddy DAbstract:Relation between the Gut Microbiota and human health is being increasingly recognised. It is now well established that a healthy Gut flora is largely responsible for overall health of the host. The normal human Gut Microbiota comprises of two major phyla, namely Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. Though the Gut Microbiota in an infant appears haphazard, it starts resembling the adult flora by the age of 3 years. Nevertheless, there exist temporal and spatial variations in the microbial distribution from esophagus to the rectum all along the individual’s life span. Developments in genome sequencing technologies and bioinformatics have now enabled scientists to study these microorganisms and their function and microbe-host interactions in an elaborate manner both in health and disease. The normal Gut Microbiota imparts specific function in host nutrient metabolism, xenobiotic and drug metabolism, maintenance of structural integrity of the Gut mucosal barrier, immunomodulation, and protection against pathogens. Several factors play a role in shaping the normal Gut Microbiota. They include (1) the mode of delivery (vaginal or caesarean); (2) diet during infancy (breast milk or formula feeds) and adulthood (vegan based or meat based); and (3) use of antibiotics or antibiotic like molecules that are derived from the environment or the Gut commensal community. A major concern of antibiotic use is the long-term alteration of the normal healthy Gut Microbiota and horizontal transfer of resistance genes that could result in reservoir of organisms with a multidrug resistant gene pool.
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Role of the normal Gut Microbiota
World Journal of Gastroenterology, 2015Co-Authors: Sai Manasa Jandhyala, Chivkula Subramanyam, Harish Vuyyuru, M. Sasikala, Rupjyoti Talukdar, D. Nageshwar ReddyAbstract:Author contributions: Jandhyala SM reviewed the literature and drafted the manuscript; Talukdar R conceived, drafted, reviewed the manuscript and provided intellectual inputs; Vuyyuru H reviewed the literature and drafted the manuscript; Subramanyam C drafted the manuscript and provided intellectual inputs; Sasikala M drafted the manuscript and provided intellectual inputs; and Reddy DN reviewed the manuscript and provided intellectual inputs. Abstract Relation between the Gut Microbiota and human health is being increasingly recognised. It is now well established that a healthy Gut flora is largely responsible for overall health of the host. The normal human Gut Microbiota comprises of two major phyla, namely Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. Though the Gut Microbiota in an infant appears haphazard, it starts resembling the adult flora by the age of 3 years. Nevertheless, there exist temporal and spatial variations in the microbial distribution from esophagus to the rectum all along the individual's life span. Developments in genome sequencing technologies and bioinformatics have now enabled scientists to study these microorganisms and their function and microbe-host interactions in an elaborate manner both in health and disease. The normal Gut Microbiota imparts specific function in host nutrient metabolism, xenobiotic and drug metabolism, maintenance of structural integrity of the Gut mucosal barrier, immunomodulation, and protection against pathogens. Several factors play a role in shaping the normal Gut Microbiota. They include (1) the mode of delivery (vaginal or caesarean); (2) diet during infancy (breast milk or formula feeds) and adulthood (vegan based or meat based); and (3) use of antibiotics or antibiotic like molecules that are derived from the environment or the Gut commensal community. A major concern of antibiotic use is the long-term alteration of the normal healthy Gut Microbiota and horizontal transfer of resistance genes that could result in reservoir of organisms with a multidrug resistant gene pool. Jandhyala SM et al . Gut Microbiota in health 8788 August 7, 2015|Volume 21|Issue 29| WJG|www.wjgnet.com Core tip: In this review we present an up-to-date overview of the normal Gut Microbiota, their functional implications in health, and the mechanistic insights that orchestrate these functions. We also discuss the characteristics that define a healthy Gut Microbiota and factors that shape and perturb the Gut microbial diversity and functions. The evidence that we present here is a composite of observational and experimental studies on humans, germ free and humanized mice.
Nageshwar Reddy D - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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role of the normal Gut Microbiota
World Journal of Gastroenterology, 2015Co-Authors: Sai Manasa Jandhyala, Chivkula Subramanyam, Harish Vuyyuru, M. Sasikala, Rupjyoti Talukdar, Nageshwar Reddy DAbstract:Relation between the Gut Microbiota and human health is being increasingly recognised. It is now well established that a healthy Gut flora is largely responsible for overall health of the host. The normal human Gut Microbiota comprises of two major phyla, namely Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. Though the Gut Microbiota in an infant appears haphazard, it starts resembling the adult flora by the age of 3 years. Nevertheless, there exist temporal and spatial variations in the microbial distribution from esophagus to the rectum all along the individual’s life span. Developments in genome sequencing technologies and bioinformatics have now enabled scientists to study these microorganisms and their function and microbe-host interactions in an elaborate manner both in health and disease. The normal Gut Microbiota imparts specific function in host nutrient metabolism, xenobiotic and drug metabolism, maintenance of structural integrity of the Gut mucosal barrier, immunomodulation, and protection against pathogens. Several factors play a role in shaping the normal Gut Microbiota. They include (1) the mode of delivery (vaginal or caesarean); (2) diet during infancy (breast milk or formula feeds) and adulthood (vegan based or meat based); and (3) use of antibiotics or antibiotic like molecules that are derived from the environment or the Gut commensal community. A major concern of antibiotic use is the long-term alteration of the normal healthy Gut Microbiota and horizontal transfer of resistance genes that could result in reservoir of organisms with a multidrug resistant gene pool.
Chaomin Wan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Characterization of Gut Microbiota in children with pulmonary tuberculosis
BMC Pediatrics, 2019Co-Authors: Weiran Li, Qiong Liao, Yu Zhu, Zhiling Wang, Chaomin WanAbstract:BackgroundGut Microbiota plays a critical role in many important physiological processes and is linked with various pulmonary infectious diseases. The relationship between pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and Gut Microbiota has been poorly studied. The present study aimed to characterize Gut Microbiota in pediatric patients with PTB.MethodsA case-controlled study was executed for the characterization of Gut Microbiota in pediatric PTB patients. Fecal samples were collected from the PTB patients and healthy controls upon admission. In addition, a one-month follow-up assessment was performed to investigate alterations in the Gut Microbiota post anti-tuberculosis treatment. 16SrDNA sequencing analysis of fecal DNA was completed on the Illumina MiSeq platform.ResultsCompared with healthy controls, the Gut Microbiota of pediatric patients with PTB was characterized by decreased microbial diversity. PTB patients further presented an up-regulation of the pro-inflammatory bacteria Prevotella, the opportunistic pathogen Enterococcus, as well as a reduction of beneficial bacteria including Ruminococcaceae , Bifidobacteriaceae and prausnitzii. One-month after anti-tuberculosis therapy, the richness of Gut Microbiota in PTB patients was distinctly depleted.ConclusionsThe Gut Microbiota of pediatric patients with PTB was significantly distinct from healthy controls. Additionally, the richness of Gut Microbiota in PTB patients decreased after one-month anti-tuberculosis treatment. It is hypothesized that the homeostasis of Gut Microbiota in PTB patients may affect the pathogenies of PTB by de-regulation of the hosts’ immune status through the Gut-lung axis.
D. Nageshwar Reddy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Role of the normal Gut Microbiota
World Journal of Gastroenterology, 2015Co-Authors: Sai Manasa Jandhyala, Chivkula Subramanyam, Harish Vuyyuru, M. Sasikala, Rupjyoti Talukdar, D. Nageshwar ReddyAbstract:Author contributions: Jandhyala SM reviewed the literature and drafted the manuscript; Talukdar R conceived, drafted, reviewed the manuscript and provided intellectual inputs; Vuyyuru H reviewed the literature and drafted the manuscript; Subramanyam C drafted the manuscript and provided intellectual inputs; Sasikala M drafted the manuscript and provided intellectual inputs; and Reddy DN reviewed the manuscript and provided intellectual inputs. Abstract Relation between the Gut Microbiota and human health is being increasingly recognised. It is now well established that a healthy Gut flora is largely responsible for overall health of the host. The normal human Gut Microbiota comprises of two major phyla, namely Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. Though the Gut Microbiota in an infant appears haphazard, it starts resembling the adult flora by the age of 3 years. Nevertheless, there exist temporal and spatial variations in the microbial distribution from esophagus to the rectum all along the individual's life span. Developments in genome sequencing technologies and bioinformatics have now enabled scientists to study these microorganisms and their function and microbe-host interactions in an elaborate manner both in health and disease. The normal Gut Microbiota imparts specific function in host nutrient metabolism, xenobiotic and drug metabolism, maintenance of structural integrity of the Gut mucosal barrier, immunomodulation, and protection against pathogens. Several factors play a role in shaping the normal Gut Microbiota. They include (1) the mode of delivery (vaginal or caesarean); (2) diet during infancy (breast milk or formula feeds) and adulthood (vegan based or meat based); and (3) use of antibiotics or antibiotic like molecules that are derived from the environment or the Gut commensal community. A major concern of antibiotic use is the long-term alteration of the normal healthy Gut Microbiota and horizontal transfer of resistance genes that could result in reservoir of organisms with a multidrug resistant gene pool. Jandhyala SM et al . Gut Microbiota in health 8788 August 7, 2015|Volume 21|Issue 29| WJG|www.wjgnet.com Core tip: In this review we present an up-to-date overview of the normal Gut Microbiota, their functional implications in health, and the mechanistic insights that orchestrate these functions. We also discuss the characteristics that define a healthy Gut Microbiota and factors that shape and perturb the Gut microbial diversity and functions. The evidence that we present here is a composite of observational and experimental studies on humans, germ free and humanized mice.