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Brice M.r. Appenzeller - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Hair Analysis for the biomonitoring of pesticide exposure comparison with blood and urine in a rat model
Archives of Toxicology, 2017Co-Authors: Brice M.r. Appenzeller, Emilie M Hardy, Nathalie Grova, Caroline Chata, Francois Fays, Olivier Briand, Henri Schroeder, Radu Corneliu DucaAbstract:Urine and plasma have been used to date for the biomonitoring of exposure to pollutants and are still the preferred fluids for this purpose; however, these fluids mainly provide information on the short term and may present a high level of variability regarding pesticide concentrations, especially for nonpersistent compounds. Hair Analysis may provide information about chronic exposure that is averaged over several months; therefore, this method has been proposed as an alternative to solely relying on these fluids. Although the possibility of detecting pesticides in Hair has been demonstrated over the past few years, the unknown linkage between exposure and pesticides concentration in Hair has limited the recognition of this matrix as a relevant tool for assessing human exposure. Based on a rat model in which there was controlled exposure to a mixture of pesticides composed of lindane, β-hexachlorocyclohexane, β-endosulfan, p,p′-DDT, p,p′-DDE, dieldrin, pentachlorophenol, diazinon, chlorpyrifos, cyhalothrin, permethrin, cypermethrin, propiconazole, fipronil, oxadiazon, diflufenican, trifluralin, carbofuran, and propoxur, the current work demonstrates the association between exposure intensity and resulting pesticide concentration in Hair. We also compared the results obtained from a Hair Analysis to urine and plasma collected from the same rats. Hair, blood, and urine were collected from rats submitted to 90-day exposure by gavage to the aforementioned mixture of common pesticides at different levels. We observed a linear relationship between exposure intensity and the concentration of pesticides in the rats’ Hair (R Pearson 0.453–0.978, p < 0.01). A comparison with results from urine and plasma samples demonstrated the relevance of Hair Analysis and, for many chemicals, its superiority over using fluids for differentiating animals from different groups and for re-attributing animals to their correct groups of exposure based on pesticide concentrations in the matrix. Therefore, this study strongly supports Hair Analysis as a reliable tool to be used during epidemiological studies to investigate exposure-associated adverse health effects.
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Hair Analysis for the biomonitoring of pesticide exposure: comparison with blood and urine in a rat model
Archives of Toxicology, 2017Co-Authors: Brice M.r. Appenzeller, Emilie M Hardy, Nathalie Grova, Caroline Chata, Francois Fays, Olivier Briand, Henri Schroeder, Radu Corneliu DucaAbstract:Urine and plasma have been used to date for the biomonitoring of exposure to pollutants and are still the preferred fluids for this purpose; however, these fluids mainly provide information on the short term and may present a high level of variability regarding pesticide concentrations, especially for nonpersistent compounds. Hair Analysis may provide information about chronic exposure that is averaged over several months; therefore, this method has been proposed as an alternative to solely relying on these fluids. Although the possibility of detecting pesticides in Hair has been demonstrated over the past few years, the unknown linkage between exposure and pesticides concentration in Hair has limited the recognition of this matrix as a relevant tool for assessing human exposure. Based on a rat model in which there was controlled exposure to a mixture of pesticides composed of lindane, β-hexachlorocyclohexane, β-endosulfan, p,p′-DDT, p,p′-DDE, dieldrin, pentachlorophenol, diazinon, chlorpyrifos, cyhalothrin, permethrin, cypermethrin, propiconazole, fipronil, oxadiazon, diflufenican, trifluralin, carbofuran, and propoxur, the current work demonstrates the association between exposure intensity and resulting pesticide concentration in Hair. We also compared the results obtained from a Hair Analysis to urine and plasma collected from the same rats. Hair, blood, and urine were collected from rats submitted to 90-day exposure by gavage to the aforementioned mixture of common pesticides at different levels. We observed a linear relationship between exposure intensity and the concentration of pesticides in the rats’ Hair ( R _Pearson 0.453–0.978, p
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Hair Analysis for the Biomonitoring of Human Exposure to Organic Pollutants
Hair Analysis in Clinical and Forensic Toxicology, 2015Co-Authors: Brice M.r. AppenzellerAbstract:Although attention paid to Hair Analysis dates back to the 60s–70s for metals detection and to the 70s–80s for drugs of abuse and medical drugs, interest in this matrix for the assessment of exposure to organic pollutants (OPs) has long been delayed due to analytical limitations. Progresses in analytical sciences over the recent years however changed the story in reaching the levels of sensitivity necessary to detect OPs in Hair. This new step was accompanied by a switch from feasibility to field studies including larger number of individuals, investigation on new chemical families of pollutants and significant rise in the number of published works. Along with the increasing interest in the use of Hair for the biomonitoring of human exposure to OPs emerged questions relative to this specific application, such as the issue of adequate Hair decontamination before Analysis. Research works are however filling the remaining gaps, highlighting in the process the prominent place Hair Analysis deserves for the assessment of human exposure.
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Hair Analysis for biomonitoring of environmental and occupational exposure to organic pollutants state of the art critical review and future needs
Toxicology Letters, 2012Co-Authors: Brice M.r. Appenzeller, Aristidis TsatsakisAbstract:Abstract This paper presents the current state of the art in human Hair Analysis for the detection of organic pollutants associated with environmental and occupational exposure. The different chemical classes are reviewed with a special focus set on compounds that were only recently investigated. The importance of methods sensitivity and particularly the influence of this parameter on the results presented in previous publications is highlighted. This report also investigates the relevance of Hair Analysis as an indicator of subjects’ level of exposure and underlines limitations that are still associated with this matrix. This study also presents a critical assessment of some specific aspects presented in the literature as well as future needs to strengthen the position of Hair as a relevant biomarker of exposure to be used in epidemiological studies.
Radu Corneliu Duca - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Hair Analysis for the biomonitoring of pesticide exposure comparison with blood and urine in a rat model
Archives of Toxicology, 2017Co-Authors: Brice M.r. Appenzeller, Emilie M Hardy, Nathalie Grova, Caroline Chata, Francois Fays, Olivier Briand, Henri Schroeder, Radu Corneliu DucaAbstract:Urine and plasma have been used to date for the biomonitoring of exposure to pollutants and are still the preferred fluids for this purpose; however, these fluids mainly provide information on the short term and may present a high level of variability regarding pesticide concentrations, especially for nonpersistent compounds. Hair Analysis may provide information about chronic exposure that is averaged over several months; therefore, this method has been proposed as an alternative to solely relying on these fluids. Although the possibility of detecting pesticides in Hair has been demonstrated over the past few years, the unknown linkage between exposure and pesticides concentration in Hair has limited the recognition of this matrix as a relevant tool for assessing human exposure. Based on a rat model in which there was controlled exposure to a mixture of pesticides composed of lindane, β-hexachlorocyclohexane, β-endosulfan, p,p′-DDT, p,p′-DDE, dieldrin, pentachlorophenol, diazinon, chlorpyrifos, cyhalothrin, permethrin, cypermethrin, propiconazole, fipronil, oxadiazon, diflufenican, trifluralin, carbofuran, and propoxur, the current work demonstrates the association between exposure intensity and resulting pesticide concentration in Hair. We also compared the results obtained from a Hair Analysis to urine and plasma collected from the same rats. Hair, blood, and urine were collected from rats submitted to 90-day exposure by gavage to the aforementioned mixture of common pesticides at different levels. We observed a linear relationship between exposure intensity and the concentration of pesticides in the rats’ Hair (R Pearson 0.453–0.978, p < 0.01). A comparison with results from urine and plasma samples demonstrated the relevance of Hair Analysis and, for many chemicals, its superiority over using fluids for differentiating animals from different groups and for re-attributing animals to their correct groups of exposure based on pesticide concentrations in the matrix. Therefore, this study strongly supports Hair Analysis as a reliable tool to be used during epidemiological studies to investigate exposure-associated adverse health effects.
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Hair Analysis for the biomonitoring of pesticide exposure: comparison with blood and urine in a rat model
Archives of Toxicology, 2017Co-Authors: Brice M.r. Appenzeller, Emilie M Hardy, Nathalie Grova, Caroline Chata, Francois Fays, Olivier Briand, Henri Schroeder, Radu Corneliu DucaAbstract:Urine and plasma have been used to date for the biomonitoring of exposure to pollutants and are still the preferred fluids for this purpose; however, these fluids mainly provide information on the short term and may present a high level of variability regarding pesticide concentrations, especially for nonpersistent compounds. Hair Analysis may provide information about chronic exposure that is averaged over several months; therefore, this method has been proposed as an alternative to solely relying on these fluids. Although the possibility of detecting pesticides in Hair has been demonstrated over the past few years, the unknown linkage between exposure and pesticides concentration in Hair has limited the recognition of this matrix as a relevant tool for assessing human exposure. Based on a rat model in which there was controlled exposure to a mixture of pesticides composed of lindane, β-hexachlorocyclohexane, β-endosulfan, p,p′-DDT, p,p′-DDE, dieldrin, pentachlorophenol, diazinon, chlorpyrifos, cyhalothrin, permethrin, cypermethrin, propiconazole, fipronil, oxadiazon, diflufenican, trifluralin, carbofuran, and propoxur, the current work demonstrates the association between exposure intensity and resulting pesticide concentration in Hair. We also compared the results obtained from a Hair Analysis to urine and plasma collected from the same rats. Hair, blood, and urine were collected from rats submitted to 90-day exposure by gavage to the aforementioned mixture of common pesticides at different levels. We observed a linear relationship between exposure intensity and the concentration of pesticides in the rats’ Hair ( R _Pearson 0.453–0.978, p
Pascal Kintz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Hair Analysis in forensic toxicology an updated review with a special focus on pitfalls
Current Pharmaceutical Design, 2018Co-Authors: Pascal KintzAbstract:Background The detection of drugs in Hair Analysis has progressively emerged as a consequence of the enhanced sensitivity of analytical techniques used in forensic toxicology; a greater advantage in using this matrix with respect to classical ones (i.e. urine and blood) is an easier and non-invasive sample collection, even when the careful supervision of law enforcement officers is required to avoid the risk that the sample may be adulterated or replaced. Moreover, according to the length of the Hair, the history of drug exposure can be retrospectively monitored from few weeks up to months or years since sample collection. Methods Through a detailed revision of the existent literature, this manuscript provides information on the proper sample collection, preparation and Analysis, as well as pitfalls in forensic Hair Analysis, and summarizes the wide range of application of this technology, including excessive alcohol drinking, doping, child abuse, and offences linked to drug use. Results Verification of history of psychotropic drugs, alcohol and doping agents use by Hair Analysis, Hair testing for driving license regranting and drug facilitated crimes, and testing for drugs in Hair of children have been reviewed together with recent trends in Hair contamination and possibility to disclose use of new psychoactive substances by Hair Analysis. Conclusion Hair Analysis in forensic toxicology has been quickly emerged and improved in recent years; a deeper knowledge of advantages and limitations of this unique matrix is necessary for a better use in forensic caseworks.
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New Challenges and Perspectives in Hair Analysis
Hair Analysis in Clinical and Forensic Toxicology, 2015Co-Authors: Marco Vincenti, Pascal KintzAbstract:During the last decade, Hair Analysis has considerably strengthened its role and reputation as a valuable investigation tool to provide crucial information about the chronological exposure of controlled subjects to targeted chemicals during extended periods of time. Consequently, Hair Analysis is nowadays accepted as the foremost evidence of biological exposure in a variety of legal inquiries, particularly in the field of forensic toxicology. With the growing role, also the responsibility taken by the toxicologists to correctly interpret the results of Hair Analysis has increased in proportion, demanding in-depth study on all the mechanisms by which exogenous substances are incorporated inside the keratin structure and eventually released. The closing chapter of the present book gives credit to the ongoing efforts that the scientific community is making to balance the rapidly expanding investigation opportunities offered by the technological advancements of analytical instrumentation with the need to reinforce the knowledge about the conditioning factors and the sources of uncertainty that ultimately determine the analytical outcome of Hair Analysis. The most important among these issues are considered in dedicated chapters of the present book; other influencing factors of emerging importance are listed and portrayed, with reference to the existing literature and its upcoming extension. In particular, the following potential sources of qualitative, quantitative, or chronological bias in Hair Analysis results are illustrated: (i) the damage produced to the Hair structure and its constituents by physical and chemical agents; (ii) the Hair color and its melanin content; (iii) the dependence of target analytes’ distributions along the Hair shaft from the prevalent way of their excretion; (iv) individual variability ascribed to genetic, personal, physiopathological, and behavioral factors. The second part of the chapter is dedicated to the most striking innovations that arose recently in Hair Analysis and their prospective evolution in the forthcoming years. Specific attention is devoted to (i) untargeted and broad-spectrum toxicological Analysis, (ii) the determination of minor drug metabolites and biomarkers; (iii) the analytical discrimination of enantiomers; and (iv) fine-segmental and single Hair Analysis. The dependence of the potential evolution of this forefront research on the progresses of chromatographic and mass spectrometric instrumentation, together with their gradual availability, is underlined with reference to the most recent technological advancements.
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Clinical Applications of Hair Analysis
Hair Analysis in Clinical and Forensic Toxicology, 2015Co-Authors: Pascal Kintz, Evan Russell, Marta Baber, Simona PichiniAbstract:The objective of this chapter is to present selected clinical applications of Hair Analysis published in the last decade, to highlight the tremendous potential of this matrix. Due to limited space we have chosen not to review some long-used clinical methods of measuring heavy metals (mostly lead, arsenic, and mercury) in the diagnosis of chronic poisoning. Rather, we have selected to focus on relatively new clinical methods which have not been reported extensively before. These include the diagnosis of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder, the neonatal abstinence syndrome, the identification of social risks for children in care of drug using adults, and the measurement of Hair cortisol as a biomarker of chronic stress and Cushing’s syndrome. In all of these examples, Hair Analysis has allowed discoveries that can dramatically change clinical diagnosis and management of patients.
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Hair Analysis in clinical and forensic toxicology
2015Co-Authors: Pascal Kintz, Alberto Salomone, Marco VincentiAbstract:Hair Analysis in Clinical and Forensic Toxicology is an essential reference for toxicologists working with, and researching, Hair Analysis. The text presents a review of the most up-to-date analytical methods in toxicological Hair Analysis, along with state-of-the-art developments in the areas of Hair physiology, sampling, and pre-treatments, as well as discussions of fundamental issues, applications, and results interpretation. Topics addressed include the diagnosis of chronic excessive alcohol drinking by means of ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE), the early detection of new psychoactive substances, including designer drugs, the development of novel approaches to screening tests based on mass spectrometry, and the detection of prenatal exposure to psychoactive substances from the Analysis of newborn Hair. * Unites an international team of leading experts to provide an update on the cutting-edge advances in the toxicological Analysis of Hair* Demonstrates toxicological techniques relating to a variety of scenarios and exposure types* Ideal resource for the further study of the psychoactive substances, drug-facilitated crimes, ecotoxicology, analytical toxicology, occupational toxicology, toxicity testing, and forensic toxicology* Includes detailed instructions for the collection, preparation, and handling of Hair, and how to best interpret results
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Hair Analysis for drug detection
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, 2006Co-Authors: Pascal Kintz, Marion Villain, Vincent CirimeleAbstract:Given the limitations of self-reports on drug use, testing for drugs of abuse is important for most clinical and forensic toxicological situations, both for assessing the reality of the intoxication and for evaluation of the level of drug impairment. It is generally accepted that chemical testing of biological fluids is the most objective means of diagnosis of drug use. The presence of a drug analyte in a biological specimen can be used to document exposure. The standard in drug testing is the immunoassay screen, followed by the gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric confirmation conducted on a urine sample. In recent years, remarkable advances in sensitive analytical techniques have enabled the Analysis of drugs in unconventional biological specimens such as Hair. The advantages of this sample over traditional media, like urine and blood, are obvious: collection is noninvasive, relatively easy to perform, and in forensic situations it may be achieved under close supervision of law enforcement officers to prevent adulteration or substitution. The window of drug detection is dramatically extended to weeks, months or even years when testing Hair. It seems that the value of alternative specimen Analysis for the identification of drug users is steadily gaining recognition. This can be seen from its growing use in preemployment screening, in forensic sciences, in clinical applications and for doping control. Hair Analysis may be a useful adjunct to conventional drug testing in urine. Methods for evading urinalysis do not affect Hair Analysis. The aim of this review is to document toxicological applications of Hair Analysis in drug detection.
Emilie M Hardy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Hair Analysis for the biomonitoring of pesticide exposure comparison with blood and urine in a rat model
Archives of Toxicology, 2017Co-Authors: Brice M.r. Appenzeller, Emilie M Hardy, Nathalie Grova, Caroline Chata, Francois Fays, Olivier Briand, Henri Schroeder, Radu Corneliu DucaAbstract:Urine and plasma have been used to date for the biomonitoring of exposure to pollutants and are still the preferred fluids for this purpose; however, these fluids mainly provide information on the short term and may present a high level of variability regarding pesticide concentrations, especially for nonpersistent compounds. Hair Analysis may provide information about chronic exposure that is averaged over several months; therefore, this method has been proposed as an alternative to solely relying on these fluids. Although the possibility of detecting pesticides in Hair has been demonstrated over the past few years, the unknown linkage between exposure and pesticides concentration in Hair has limited the recognition of this matrix as a relevant tool for assessing human exposure. Based on a rat model in which there was controlled exposure to a mixture of pesticides composed of lindane, β-hexachlorocyclohexane, β-endosulfan, p,p′-DDT, p,p′-DDE, dieldrin, pentachlorophenol, diazinon, chlorpyrifos, cyhalothrin, permethrin, cypermethrin, propiconazole, fipronil, oxadiazon, diflufenican, trifluralin, carbofuran, and propoxur, the current work demonstrates the association between exposure intensity and resulting pesticide concentration in Hair. We also compared the results obtained from a Hair Analysis to urine and plasma collected from the same rats. Hair, blood, and urine were collected from rats submitted to 90-day exposure by gavage to the aforementioned mixture of common pesticides at different levels. We observed a linear relationship between exposure intensity and the concentration of pesticides in the rats’ Hair (R Pearson 0.453–0.978, p < 0.01). A comparison with results from urine and plasma samples demonstrated the relevance of Hair Analysis and, for many chemicals, its superiority over using fluids for differentiating animals from different groups and for re-attributing animals to their correct groups of exposure based on pesticide concentrations in the matrix. Therefore, this study strongly supports Hair Analysis as a reliable tool to be used during epidemiological studies to investigate exposure-associated adverse health effects.
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Hair Analysis for the biomonitoring of pesticide exposure: comparison with blood and urine in a rat model
Archives of Toxicology, 2017Co-Authors: Brice M.r. Appenzeller, Emilie M Hardy, Nathalie Grova, Caroline Chata, Francois Fays, Olivier Briand, Henri Schroeder, Radu Corneliu DucaAbstract:Urine and plasma have been used to date for the biomonitoring of exposure to pollutants and are still the preferred fluids for this purpose; however, these fluids mainly provide information on the short term and may present a high level of variability regarding pesticide concentrations, especially for nonpersistent compounds. Hair Analysis may provide information about chronic exposure that is averaged over several months; therefore, this method has been proposed as an alternative to solely relying on these fluids. Although the possibility of detecting pesticides in Hair has been demonstrated over the past few years, the unknown linkage between exposure and pesticides concentration in Hair has limited the recognition of this matrix as a relevant tool for assessing human exposure. Based on a rat model in which there was controlled exposure to a mixture of pesticides composed of lindane, β-hexachlorocyclohexane, β-endosulfan, p,p′-DDT, p,p′-DDE, dieldrin, pentachlorophenol, diazinon, chlorpyrifos, cyhalothrin, permethrin, cypermethrin, propiconazole, fipronil, oxadiazon, diflufenican, trifluralin, carbofuran, and propoxur, the current work demonstrates the association between exposure intensity and resulting pesticide concentration in Hair. We also compared the results obtained from a Hair Analysis to urine and plasma collected from the same rats. Hair, blood, and urine were collected from rats submitted to 90-day exposure by gavage to the aforementioned mixture of common pesticides at different levels. We observed a linear relationship between exposure intensity and the concentration of pesticides in the rats’ Hair ( R _Pearson 0.453–0.978, p
Nathalie Grova - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Hair Analysis for the biomonitoring of pesticide exposure comparison with blood and urine in a rat model
Archives of Toxicology, 2017Co-Authors: Brice M.r. Appenzeller, Emilie M Hardy, Nathalie Grova, Caroline Chata, Francois Fays, Olivier Briand, Henri Schroeder, Radu Corneliu DucaAbstract:Urine and plasma have been used to date for the biomonitoring of exposure to pollutants and are still the preferred fluids for this purpose; however, these fluids mainly provide information on the short term and may present a high level of variability regarding pesticide concentrations, especially for nonpersistent compounds. Hair Analysis may provide information about chronic exposure that is averaged over several months; therefore, this method has been proposed as an alternative to solely relying on these fluids. Although the possibility of detecting pesticides in Hair has been demonstrated over the past few years, the unknown linkage between exposure and pesticides concentration in Hair has limited the recognition of this matrix as a relevant tool for assessing human exposure. Based on a rat model in which there was controlled exposure to a mixture of pesticides composed of lindane, β-hexachlorocyclohexane, β-endosulfan, p,p′-DDT, p,p′-DDE, dieldrin, pentachlorophenol, diazinon, chlorpyrifos, cyhalothrin, permethrin, cypermethrin, propiconazole, fipronil, oxadiazon, diflufenican, trifluralin, carbofuran, and propoxur, the current work demonstrates the association between exposure intensity and resulting pesticide concentration in Hair. We also compared the results obtained from a Hair Analysis to urine and plasma collected from the same rats. Hair, blood, and urine were collected from rats submitted to 90-day exposure by gavage to the aforementioned mixture of common pesticides at different levels. We observed a linear relationship between exposure intensity and the concentration of pesticides in the rats’ Hair (R Pearson 0.453–0.978, p < 0.01). A comparison with results from urine and plasma samples demonstrated the relevance of Hair Analysis and, for many chemicals, its superiority over using fluids for differentiating animals from different groups and for re-attributing animals to their correct groups of exposure based on pesticide concentrations in the matrix. Therefore, this study strongly supports Hair Analysis as a reliable tool to be used during epidemiological studies to investigate exposure-associated adverse health effects.
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Hair Analysis for the biomonitoring of pesticide exposure: comparison with blood and urine in a rat model
Archives of Toxicology, 2017Co-Authors: Brice M.r. Appenzeller, Emilie M Hardy, Nathalie Grova, Caroline Chata, Francois Fays, Olivier Briand, Henri Schroeder, Radu Corneliu DucaAbstract:Urine and plasma have been used to date for the biomonitoring of exposure to pollutants and are still the preferred fluids for this purpose; however, these fluids mainly provide information on the short term and may present a high level of variability regarding pesticide concentrations, especially for nonpersistent compounds. Hair Analysis may provide information about chronic exposure that is averaged over several months; therefore, this method has been proposed as an alternative to solely relying on these fluids. Although the possibility of detecting pesticides in Hair has been demonstrated over the past few years, the unknown linkage between exposure and pesticides concentration in Hair has limited the recognition of this matrix as a relevant tool for assessing human exposure. Based on a rat model in which there was controlled exposure to a mixture of pesticides composed of lindane, β-hexachlorocyclohexane, β-endosulfan, p,p′-DDT, p,p′-DDE, dieldrin, pentachlorophenol, diazinon, chlorpyrifos, cyhalothrin, permethrin, cypermethrin, propiconazole, fipronil, oxadiazon, diflufenican, trifluralin, carbofuran, and propoxur, the current work demonstrates the association between exposure intensity and resulting pesticide concentration in Hair. We also compared the results obtained from a Hair Analysis to urine and plasma collected from the same rats. Hair, blood, and urine were collected from rats submitted to 90-day exposure by gavage to the aforementioned mixture of common pesticides at different levels. We observed a linear relationship between exposure intensity and the concentration of pesticides in the rats’ Hair ( R _Pearson 0.453–0.978, p
