The Experts below are selected from a list of 45789 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Ye Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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p331 quantitative evaluation of an innovation contest to enhance a sexual Health Campaign in china
Sexually Transmitted Infections, 2019Co-Authors: Ye Zhang, Songyuan Tang, Lai Sze Tso, Barry L Bayus, David V Glidden, Bin Yang, Heping Zheng, Chongyi Wei, Joseph D Tucker, Weiming TangAbstract:Background Crowdsourcing method is an excellent tool for developing tailored interventions to improve sexual Health. We evaluated the implementation of an innovation contest for sexual Health promotion in China. Methods We organized an innovation contest over three months in 2014 for Chinese individuals Results We received 96 image submissions from 76 participants in 10 Chinese provinces. Most participants were youth ( Conclusion Innovation contests may useful for soliciting images as a part of comprehensive sexual Health Campaigns in low- and middle-income countries. Future sexual Health Campaigns should incorporate face-to-face interactions where participants can ask questions and solicit feedback about their submission ideas. Disclosure No significant relationships.
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quantitative evaluation of an innovation contest to enhance a sexual Health Campaign in china
BMC Infectious Diseases, 2019Co-Authors: Ye Zhang, Songyuan Tang, Lai Sze Tso, Barry L Bayus, David V Glidden, Bin Yang, Heping Zheng, Chongyi WeiAbstract:Crowdsourcing method is an excellent tool for developing tailored interventions to improve sexual Health. We evaluated the implementation of an innovation contest for sexual Health promotion in China. We organized an innovation contest over three months in 2014 for Chinese individuals < 30 years old to submit images for a sexual Health promotion Campaign. We solicited entries via social media and in-person events. The winning entry was adapted into a poster and distributed to STD clinics across Guangdong Province. In this study, we evaluated factors associated with images that received higher scores, described the themes of the top five finalists, and evaluated the acceptability of the winning entry using an online survey tool. We received 96 image submissions from 76 participants in 10 Chinese provinces. Most participants were youth (< 25 years, 85%) and non-professionals (without expertise in medicine, public Health, or media, 88%). Youth were more likely to submit high-scoring entries. Images from professionals in medicine, public Health, or media did not have higher scores compared to images from non-professionals. Participants were twice as likely to have learned about the contest through in-person events compared to social media. We adapted and distributed the winning entry to 300 STD clinics in 22 cities over 2 weeks. A total of 8338 people responded to an acceptability survey of the finalist entry. Among them, 79.8% endorsed or strongly endorsed being more willing to undergo STD testing after seeing the poster. Innovation contests may be useful for soliciting images as a part of comprehensive sexual Health Campaigns in low- and middle-income countries.
Myles S Faith - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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take the stairs instead of the escalator effect of environmental prompts on community stair use and implications for a national small steps Campaign
Obesity Reviews, 2006Co-Authors: Meredith S Dolan, L A Weiss, R A Lewis, Angelo Pietrobelli, Myles S FaithAbstract:: The US government initiated a national Health Campaign targeting 100 'small step' lifestyle changes to combat obesity. Small Step #67 advocates stair instead of escalator usage in public settings. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of motivational signs prompting stair use over escalator use on pedestrians' stair usage in commuter settings. Eight studies, testing the effects of motivational prompts on stair vs. escalator usage in public settings, were reviewed. Participant and study attributes were descriptively coded. Effect size was calculated as the change in percent units of stair users during the intervention phases vs. the baseline phase. The average study included approximately 45,000 observations that were recorded across an average of 15 weeks of intervention. The mean +/- SD change in percent units of stair users was 2.8% +/- 2.4% (P < 0.001), and effects were twice as large in females (4.8%) as in males (2.4%). The number of stairs/building, baseline stair use, and total intervention weeks predicted change in stair use, although the effects were clinically miniscule. In a hypothetical city intervention, we projected that a 2.8% increase in stair usage would result in a weight loss and/or weight gain prevention of 300 g/person/year among new stair users. In sum, point-of-decision motivational signs may help communities attain Small Step #67. However, the singular impact of this community intervention on correcting energy imbalance may be minimal, having slight impact itself on reducing the national obesity prevalence.
Robert J. Berry - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Folic acid supplementation and risk for imperforate anus in China
Obstetrical and Gynecological Survey, 2002Co-Authors: Melanie F. Myers, Adolfo Correa-villaseñor, Cynthia A. Moore, Shi Xin Hong, Robert J. BerryAbstract:Maternal use of folic acid in early pregnancy has lowered the risk of some birth defects, notably neural tube defects. It is not clear whether it also lowers the risk of imperforate anus, a defect resulting from incomplete hindgut formation. The anus is either absent or abnormally located at about 8 weeks' development, with the rectum either ending in a blind pouch or opening into the urethra, bladder, or vagina. In the course of a public Health Campaign carried out in China from 1993 through 1995, pregnancy outcomes at 20 weeks' and more gestation were assessed in women asked to take one 400-pg pill, without other vitamins, each day from the preconception exam until the end of the first trimester. The study group of singleton pregnancies, totalling 222,314, came from one northern province and two southern provinces of China. Fifty women had a fetus or infant with imperforate anus; males predominated in a ratio of 1.66 to 1. Multiple anomalies were present in 16% of the group, and 22% had additional caudal anomalies such as persistent cloaca. None of the mothers had a history of diabetes. Imperforate anus was less frequent in offspring of women taking folic acid, with a risk ratio of 0.5 (95% CI, 0.29-0.88). The risk could not be related to geographic area, education, or occupational category. Higher parity and maternal age were associated with a greater risk of imperforate anus; controlling for either factor had only a small effect on the relative risk estimate. When adjusting for maternal age, the risk reduction among pill-takers was 41% (relative risk, 0.59). The United States and other nations have recommended that all women who might become pregnant take 400 μg of folic acid daily to lower the risk of neural tube defects. This measure may also help to reduce the risk of other defects such as imperforate anus.
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Folic Acid Supplementation and Risk for Imperforate Anus in China
American journal of epidemiology, 2001Co-Authors: Melanie F. Myers, Adolfo Correa-villaseñor, Cynthia A. Moore, Shi Xin Hong, Robert J. BerryAbstract:Maternal consumption of folic acid before pregnancy and during early pregnancy is associated with a reduced risk for some birth defects. Whether folic acid can reduce the risk for imperforate anus is unknown. As part of a public Health Campaign conducted in China from 1993 through 1995, the outcomes of pregnancies of > or =20 weeks' gestation were evaluated among women using folic acid supplements. The women were asked to take one pill containing 400 microg of folic acid (without other vitamins) every day from the time of their premarital examination until the end of their first trimester of pregnancy. Rates of imperforate anus and risk ratios for imperforate anus among the offspring of these women were calculated according to folic acid use. Among the offspring of women who took folic acid and women who did not take folic acid, 20 and 30 infants with imperforate anus were identified, respectively. The rate of imperforate anus was 3.1 per 10,000 among the offspring of women who did not take folic acid and 1.6 per 10,000 among the offspring of women who took folic acid; adjusted for maternal age, the risk ratio was 0.59 (95% confidence interval: 0.33, 1.07). Daily maternal consumption of 400 microg of folic acid before and during early pregnancy may reduce the risk for imperforate anus.
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prevention of neural tube defects with folic acid in china
The New England Journal of Medicine, 1999Co-Authors: Robert J. Berry, Cynthia A. Moore, Zhu Li, J D Erickson, Song Li, Hong Wang, Joseph Mulinare, Ping Zhao, Leeyang C Wong, Jacqueline GindlerAbstract:Background Periconceptional use of multivitamins containing folic acid can reduce a woman's risk of having a baby with a neural-tube defect. Methods As part of a public Health Campaign conducted from 1993 to 1995 in an area of China with high rates of neural-tube defects (the northern region) and one with low rates (the southern region), we evaluated the outcomes of pregnancy in women who were asked to take a pill containing 400 μg of folic acid alone daily from the time of their premarital examination until the end of their first trimester of pregnancy. Results Among the fetuses or infants of 130,142 women who took folic acid at any time before or during pregnancy and 117,689 women who had not taken folic acid, we identified 102 and 173, respectively, with neural-tube defects. Among the fetuses or infants of women who registered before their last menstrual period and who did not take any folic acid, the rates of neural-tube defects were 4.8 per 1000 pregnancies of at least 20 weeks' gestation in the nort...
Chongyi Wei - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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p331 quantitative evaluation of an innovation contest to enhance a sexual Health Campaign in china
Sexually Transmitted Infections, 2019Co-Authors: Ye Zhang, Songyuan Tang, Lai Sze Tso, Barry L Bayus, David V Glidden, Bin Yang, Heping Zheng, Chongyi Wei, Joseph D Tucker, Weiming TangAbstract:Background Crowdsourcing method is an excellent tool for developing tailored interventions to improve sexual Health. We evaluated the implementation of an innovation contest for sexual Health promotion in China. Methods We organized an innovation contest over three months in 2014 for Chinese individuals Results We received 96 image submissions from 76 participants in 10 Chinese provinces. Most participants were youth ( Conclusion Innovation contests may useful for soliciting images as a part of comprehensive sexual Health Campaigns in low- and middle-income countries. Future sexual Health Campaigns should incorporate face-to-face interactions where participants can ask questions and solicit feedback about their submission ideas. Disclosure No significant relationships.
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quantitative evaluation of an innovation contest to enhance a sexual Health Campaign in china
BMC Infectious Diseases, 2019Co-Authors: Ye Zhang, Songyuan Tang, Lai Sze Tso, Barry L Bayus, David V Glidden, Bin Yang, Heping Zheng, Chongyi WeiAbstract:Crowdsourcing method is an excellent tool for developing tailored interventions to improve sexual Health. We evaluated the implementation of an innovation contest for sexual Health promotion in China. We organized an innovation contest over three months in 2014 for Chinese individuals < 30 years old to submit images for a sexual Health promotion Campaign. We solicited entries via social media and in-person events. The winning entry was adapted into a poster and distributed to STD clinics across Guangdong Province. In this study, we evaluated factors associated with images that received higher scores, described the themes of the top five finalists, and evaluated the acceptability of the winning entry using an online survey tool. We received 96 image submissions from 76 participants in 10 Chinese provinces. Most participants were youth (< 25 years, 85%) and non-professionals (without expertise in medicine, public Health, or media, 88%). Youth were more likely to submit high-scoring entries. Images from professionals in medicine, public Health, or media did not have higher scores compared to images from non-professionals. Participants were twice as likely to have learned about the contest through in-person events compared to social media. We adapted and distributed the winning entry to 300 STD clinics in 22 cities over 2 weeks. A total of 8338 people responded to an acceptability survey of the finalist entry. Among them, 79.8% endorsed or strongly endorsed being more willing to undergo STD testing after seeing the poster. Innovation contests may be useful for soliciting images as a part of comprehensive sexual Health Campaigns in low- and middle-income countries.
Gabriel Chamie - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Promoting HIV Testing by Men: A Discrete Choice Experiment to Elicit Preferences and Predict Uptake of Community-based Testing in Uganda
Applied Health Economics and Health Policy, 2020Co-Authors: Elisabeth M. Schaffer, Gabriel Chamie, Dalsone Kwarisiima, Juan Marcos Gonzalez, Stephanie B. Wheeler, Harsha ThirumurthyAbstract:Background and Objectives HIV testing is essential to access HIV treatment and care and plays a critical role in preventing transmission. Despite this, testing coverage is low among men in sub-Saharan Africa. Community-based testing has demonstrated potential to expand male testing coverage, yet scant evidence reveals how community-based services can be designed to optimize testing uptake. We conducted a discrete choice experiment (DCE) to elicit preferences and predict uptake of community-based testing by men in Uganda. Methods Hypothetical choices between alternative community-based testing services and the option to opt-out of testing were presented to a random, population-based sample of 203 adult male residents. The testing alternatives varied by service delivery model (community Health Campaign, counselor-administered home-based testing, distribution of HIV self-test kits at local pharmacies), availability of multi-disease testing, access to antiretroviral therapy (ART), and provision of a US$0.85 incentive. We estimated preferences using a random parameters logit model and explored whether preferences varied by participant characteristics through subgroup analyses. We simulated uptake when a single and when two community-based testing services are made available, using reference values of observed uptake to calibrate predictions. Results The share of the adult male population predicted to test for HIV ranged from 0.15 to 0.91 when a single community-based testing service is made available and from 0.50 to 0.96 when two community-based services are provided concurrently. ART access was the strongest driver of choices (relative importance [RI] = 3.01, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.74–4.29), followed by the service delivery model (RI = 1.27, 95% CI 0.72–1.82) and availability of multi-disease testing (RI = 1.27, 95% CI 0.09–2.45). A US$0.85 incentive had the least yet still significant influence on choices (RI = 0.77, 95% CI 0.06–1.49). Men who perceived their risk of having HIV to be relatively elevated had higher predicted uptake of HIV self-test kits at local pharmacies, as did young adult men compared to men aged ≥ 30 years. Men who earned ≤ the daily median income had higher predicted uptake of all community-based testing services versus men who earned above the daily median income. Conclusion Substantial opportunity exists to optimize the delivery of HIV testing to expand uptake by men; using an innovative DCE, we deliver timely, actionable guidance for promoting community-based testing by men in Uganda. We advance the stated preference literature methodologically by describing how we constructed and evaluated a pragmatic experimental design, used interaction terms to conduct subgroup analyses, and harnessed participant-specific preference estimates to predict and calibrate testing uptake.
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evaluating the feasibility and uptake of a community led hiv testing and multi disease Health Campaign in rural uganda
Journal of the International AIDS Society, 2017Co-Authors: Jane Kabami, Gabriel Chamie, Dalsone Kwarisiima, Edith Biira, Peter Ssebutinde, Maya L Petersen, Edwin D Charlebois, Moses R Kamya, Diane V HavlirAbstract:Introduction: Multi-disease community Health Campaigns can be effective for population-wide HIV testing in a research setting (SEARCH: NCT01864603). We sought to evaluate feasibility and uptake of a community-led Health Campaign (CLHC) planned and implemented by village leaders and local clinic workers in Uganda. Methods: Over five months in 2014, locally elected village leaders and Ministry of Health (MoH) clinic staff in a rural parish in Uganda planned a census followed by a CLHC, after training by two SEARCH trial consultants and by leaders from a neighbouring parish that had previously participated in a SEARCH Health Campaign. We defined feasibility as: (1) elected leaders’ participation in training and implementation of pre-Campaign census and mobilization activities; (2) implementation of all Campaign activities by MoH-funded, local clinic staff; and (3) community participation in the Campaign, including point-of-care screening for HIV, malaria, hypertension and diabetes, and same-day referral for male circumcision and family planning (FP). Costing of all salaries and supplies was conducted. Results: Elected leaders from all eight villages in the parish participated in CLHC training. They and local clinic staff met monthly to select and plan CLHC services. Village leaders then leveraged existing volunteer Health teams to perform a door-to-door census, enumerating 5,202 parish residents over 2 weeks. 2,753 (53%) residents participated in the 6-day CLHC. Of 1,584 adult participants, 1,474 (93%) tested for HIV: 105/1,474 (7.1%) tested HIV positive. 27% (751/2,753) of participants reported fever and underwent malaria rapid diagnostic testing: 5.3% (40/751) tested positive. Among adults screened, 19% (271/1,452) were hypertensive, and 3% (18/637) had a random blood sugar >11.1 mmol/L. Of 805 men and boys (>10 years), 91 (11%) accepted same-day clinic referral and underwent medical circumcision. Of 900 women offered same-day long-term FP referrals, 25 accepted. The CLHC cost, including census, mobilization and testing services, was $23,597 ($8.57/participant). C onclusions: Elected village leaders successfully planned and conducted a 6-day multi-disease Health Campaign with service provision by local clinic staff that reached over half of a rural Ugandan community. These data suggest it is feasible for local leaders and clinics to adopt a multi-disease Health Campaign approach to scale-up HIV testing in rural Africa. Keywords HIV testing; community Health Campaign; mobile testing; hypertension; diabetes; Africa (Published: 30 March 2017) Kabami J et al. Journal of the International AIDS Society 2017, 20 :21514 http://www.jiasociety.org/index.php/jias/article/view/21514 | http://dx.doi.org/10.7448/IAS.20.1.21514
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uptake of community based hiv testing during a multi disease Health Campaign in rural uganda
PLOS ONE, 2014Co-Authors: Gabriel Chamie, Jane Kabami, Dalsone Kwarisiima, Maya L Petersen, Harsha Thirumurthy, Vivek Jain, Tamara D Clark, Elvin Geng, Laura B Balzer, Edwin D CharleboisAbstract:BACKGROUND: The high burden of undiagnosed HIV in sub-Saharan Africa is a major obstacle for HIV prevention and treatment. Multi-disease community Health Campaigns (CHCs) offering HIV testing are a successful approach to rapidly increase HIV testing rates and identify undiagnosed HIV. However a greater understanding of population-level uptake is needed to maximize effectiveness of this approach. METHODS: After community sensitization and a census a five-day Campaign was performed in May 2012 in a rural Ugandan community. The census enumerated all residents capturing demographics household location and fingerprint biometrics. The CHC included point-of-care screening for HIV malaria TB hypertension and diabetes. Residents who attended vs. did not attend the CHC were compared to determine predictors of participation. RESULTS: Over 12 days 18 census workers enumerated 6343 residents. 501 additional residents were identified at the Campaign for a total community population of 6844. 4323 (63%) residents and 556 non-residents attended the Campaign. HIV tests were performed in 4795/4879 (98.3%) participants; 1836 (38%) reported no prior HIV testing. Of 2674 adults tested 257 (10%) were HIV-infected; 125/257 (49%) reported newly diagnosed HIV. In unadjusted analyses adult resident Campaign non-participation was associated with male sex (62% male vs. 67% female participation p = 0.003) younger median age (27 years in non-participants vs. 32 in participants; p<0.001) and marital status (48% single vs. 71% married/widowed/divorced participation; p<0.001). In multivariate analysis single adults were significantly less likely to attend the Campaign than non-single adults (relative risk [RR]: 0.63 [95% CI: 0.53-0.74]; p<0.001) and adults at home vs. not home during census activities were significantly more likely to attend the Campaign (RR: 1.20 [95% CI: 1.13-1.28]; p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: CHCs provide a rapid approach to testing a majority of residents for HIV in rural African settings. However complementary strategies are still needed to engage young single adults and achieve universal testing.
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improved employment and education outcomes in households of hiv infected adults with high cd4 cell counts evidence from a community Health Campaign in uganda
AIDS, 2013Co-Authors: Harsha Thirumurthy, Jane Kabami, Gabriel Chamie, Dalsone Kwarisiima, Vivek Jain, Tamara D Clark, Elvin GengAbstract:BACKGROUND: There is limited evidence on the association between socioeconomic outcomes and CD4 counts in populations that include HIV-infected adults who have high CD4 counts or have not been diagnosed. We examined this association among adults in a rural Ugandan parish. METHODS: A community Health Campaign offering diagnostic and treatment services for HIV and other diseases was conducted with Ministry of Health support. Data on Campaign participants education and employment were collected and a detailed household socioeconomic survey was conducted among a subset of participants. Regression analyses were used to assess relationships between CD4 count and employment and education outcomes. RESULTS: A total of 2323 adults (74% of the community) participated in the Campaign; 179 of 2282 (7.8%) tested HIV-positive and 46% were newly diagnosed. Among HIV-infected adults not on antiretroviral therapy (ART) those with CD4 at least 500 worked 6.9 more days/month (P < 0.01; 39% more) and 2.5 more h per day (P < 0.05 44% more) than those with CD4 less than 200. These effects were not significantly different from the effects for those with CD4 350-499. Children aged 6-11 years in households of adults with CD4 at least 350 did not have significantly different school enrollment rates than children in households of adults with CD4 less than 350 but differences were larger among children aged 12-18 years. CONCLUSION: Outcomes of HIV-infected adults with CD4 at least 350 were better than those of adults with CD4 less than 200 and resembled those of HIV-uninfected adults. The results suggest that early ART initiation may generate economic benefits by preventing a decline in socioeconomic status but further research is needed to determine the CD4 threshold at which these benefits would be largest.
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assessment of population based hiv rna levels in a rural east african setting using a fingerprick based blood collection method
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2013Co-Authors: Jane Kabami, Gabriel Chamie, Vivek Jain, Tamara D Clark, Teri Liegler, Douglas BlackAbstract:Efforts to stem the tide of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic are increasing, with acceleration of antiretroviral therapy (ART) scale-up [1] and implementation of combination prevention strategies [2, 3]. Epidemiologic measurements at a population or community level—both of the burden of HIV and of the effectiveness of HIV treatment strategies—are critical to guiding and monitoring national and local treatment and prevention strategies. Population-level HIV type 1 (HIV-1) RNA levels (viral load [VL]) have been described among individuals in a geographic area or within specific demographic groups [4–7]. Population HIV RNA measurements have the potential to provide insight into the effectiveness of ART programs because increased ART penetration and treatment success are associated with lower average VLs and with a higher proportion of patients with an undetectable VL [4–6]. Because higher VL is correlated with greater infectivity [8, 9], and since ART-mediated virologic suppression has been shown to reduce the spread of HIV [10], population RNA levels may also provide insight into the risk of forward transmission of HIV, acknowledging its known limitations. To date, reports assessing population HIV RNA levels have been conducted only in urban settings in the developed world such as Vancouver, San Francisco, and Washington, D.C. [4–6]. Population-level VLs have not yet been measured in sub-Saharan Africa, where >23 million persons live with HIV [1]. Several key barriers have precluded population HIV RNA estimation in resource-limited settings. The high cost of measuring HIV RNA levels is a major impediment to availability. Apart from South Africa and Botswana [11, 12], VL testing is thus not used in routine clinical care. Therefore, centralized data collection systems (eg, clinic databases) that could be used to estimate population RNA levels lack necessary data on VLs. Compounding the problem are estimates that up to one-half of HIV-infected individuals are unaware of their serostatus [1], and many diagnosed individuals have not successfully linked to HIV care and ART. Additionally, in rural settings, laboratory facilities are often far from clinics, making blood collection and cold-chain specimen transport highly challenging. We sought to address the above challenges and estimate population-level HIV RNA levels in a rural community in southwestern Uganda by measuring VL using a fingerprick blood collection method during a 5-day community-wide Health Campaign offering diagnostic, prevention, and treatment services for communicable and noncommunicable diseases [13]. This approach may hold potential for assessing the rapid ongoing ART scale-up in resource-limited settings that do not offer VL testing during HIV care.
