The Experts below are selected from a list of 110298 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Mirko S. Winkler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Experience and lessons from Health Impact Assessment for human rights Impact Assessment.
BMC International Health and Human Rights, 2015Co-Authors: Kendyl Salcito, Gary R. Krieger, Mark Wielga, Burton H Singer, Mirko S. Winkler, Jürg Utzinger, Mitchell G. WeissAbstract:As globalisation has opened remote parts of the world to foreign investment, global leaders at the United Nations and beyond have called on multinational companies to foresee and mitigate negative Impacts on the communities surrounding their overseas operations. This movement towards corporate Impact Assessment began with a push for environmental and social inquiries. It has been followed by demands for more detailed Assessments, including Health and human rights. In the policy world the two have been joined as a right-to-Health Impact Assessment. In the corporate world, the right-to-Health approach fulfils neither managers’ need to comprehensively understand Impacts of a project, nor rightsholders’ need to know that the full suite of their human rights will be safe from violation. Despite the limitations of a right-to-Health tool for companies, integration of Health into human rights provides numerous potential benefits to companies and the communities they affect. Here, a detailed Health analysis through the human rights lens is carried out, drawing on a case study from the United Republic of Tanzania. This paper examines the positive and negative Health and human rights Impacts of a corporate operation in a low-income setting, as viewed through the human rights lens, considering observations on the added value of the approach. It explores the relationship between Health Impact Assessment (HIA) and human rights Impact Assessment (HRIA). First, it considers the ways in which HIA, as a study directly concerned with human welfare, is a more appropriate guide than environmental or social Impact Assessment for evaluating human rights Impacts. Second, it considers the contributions HRIA can make to HIA, by viewing determinants of Health not as direct versus indirect, but as interrelated.
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The Search for Underlying Principles of Health Impact Assessment: Progress and Prospects; Comment on “Investigating Underlying Principles to Guide Health Impact Assessment”
International journal of health policy and management, 2014Co-Authors: Mirko S. Winkler, Jürg UtzingerAbstract:Health Impact Assessment (HIA) is a relatively young field of endeavour, and hence, future progress will depend on the planning, implementation and rigorous evaluation of additional HIAs of projects, programmes and policies the world over. In the June 2014 issue of the International Journal of Health Policy and Management, Fakhri and colleagues investigated underlying principles of HIA through a comprehensive review of the literature and expert consultation. With an emphasis on the Islamic Republic of Iran, the authors identified multiple issues that are relevant for guiding HIA practice. At the same time, the study unravelled current shortcomings in the understanding and definition of HIA principles and best practice at national, regional, and global levels. In this commentary we scrutinise the research presented, highlight strengths and limitations, and discuss the findings in the context of other recent attempts to guide HIA.
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untapped potential of Health Impact Assessment
Bulletin of The World Health Organization, 2013Co-Authors: Mirko S. Winkler, Gary R. Krieger, Mark Wielga, Burton H Singer, Mark J. Divall, Gueladio Cisse, Marcel Tanner, Jürg UtzingerAbstract:The World Health Organization has promoted Health Impact Assessment (HIA) for over 20 years. At the 2012 United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio+20), HIA was discussed as a critical method for linking Health to "green economy" and "institutional framework" strategies for sustainable development. In countries having a high human development index (HDI), HIA has been added to the overall Assessment suite that typically includes potential environmental and social Impacts, but it is rarely required as part of the environmental and social Impact Assessment for large development projects. When they are performed, project-driven HIAs are governed by a combination of project proponent and multilateral lender performance standards rather than host country requirements. Not surprisingly, in low-HDI countries HIA is missing from the programme and policy arena in the absence of an external project driver. Major drivers of global change (e.g. population growth and urbanization, growing pressure on natural resources and climate change) inordinately affect low- and medium-HDI countries; however, in such countries HIA is conspicuously absent. If the cloak of HIA invisibility is to be removed, it must be shown that HIA is useful and beneficial and, hence, an essential component of the 21st century's sustainable development agenda. We analyse where and how HIA can become fully integrated into the Impact Assessment suite and argue that the Impact of HIA must not remain obscure.
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Health Impact Assessment of industrial development projects: a spatio-temporal visualization
Geospatial health, 2012Co-Authors: Mirko S. Winkler, Gary R. Krieger, Burton H Singer, Mark J. Divall, Jürg UtzingerAbstract:Development and implementation of large-scale industrial projects in complex eco-epidemiological settings typically require combined environmental, social and Health Impact Assessments. We present a generic, spatio-temporal Health Impact Assessment (HIA) visualization, which can be readily adapted to specific projects and key stakeholders, including poorly literate communities that might be affected by consequences of a project. We illustrate how the occurrence of a variety of complex events can be utilized for stakeholder communication, awareness creation, interactive learning as well as formulating HIA research and implementation questions. Methodological features are highlighted in the context of an iron ore development in a rural part of Africa.
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Health Impact Assessment: the state of the art
Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal, 2012Co-Authors: Ben Harris-roxas, Francesca Viliani, Ben Cave, Patrick Harris, Matthew Soeberg, Aaron Wernham, Peter Furu, Mark J. Divall, Alan Bond, Mirko S. WinklerAbstract:Health Impact Assessment (HIA) has matured as a form of Impact Assessment over the past two decades. The use of HIA methods and approaches has expanded rapidly, and it now has applications in both the public and private sectors and in an increasing number of countries around the world. This paper presents an overview of the historical and recent international developments in HIA, before detailing the existing strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats to practice. It draws upon the HIA literature, five workshops on ‘Current issues in HIA practice’ held at International Association for Impact Assessment (IAIA) conferences between 2006 and 2011, and the experience of the authors.
Jürg Utzinger - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Experience and lessons from Health Impact Assessment for human rights Impact Assessment.
BMC International Health and Human Rights, 2015Co-Authors: Kendyl Salcito, Gary R. Krieger, Mark Wielga, Burton H Singer, Mirko S. Winkler, Jürg Utzinger, Mitchell G. WeissAbstract:As globalisation has opened remote parts of the world to foreign investment, global leaders at the United Nations and beyond have called on multinational companies to foresee and mitigate negative Impacts on the communities surrounding their overseas operations. This movement towards corporate Impact Assessment began with a push for environmental and social inquiries. It has been followed by demands for more detailed Assessments, including Health and human rights. In the policy world the two have been joined as a right-to-Health Impact Assessment. In the corporate world, the right-to-Health approach fulfils neither managers’ need to comprehensively understand Impacts of a project, nor rightsholders’ need to know that the full suite of their human rights will be safe from violation. Despite the limitations of a right-to-Health tool for companies, integration of Health into human rights provides numerous potential benefits to companies and the communities they affect. Here, a detailed Health analysis through the human rights lens is carried out, drawing on a case study from the United Republic of Tanzania. This paper examines the positive and negative Health and human rights Impacts of a corporate operation in a low-income setting, as viewed through the human rights lens, considering observations on the added value of the approach. It explores the relationship between Health Impact Assessment (HIA) and human rights Impact Assessment (HRIA). First, it considers the ways in which HIA, as a study directly concerned with human welfare, is a more appropriate guide than environmental or social Impact Assessment for evaluating human rights Impacts. Second, it considers the contributions HRIA can make to HIA, by viewing determinants of Health not as direct versus indirect, but as interrelated.
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The Search for Underlying Principles of Health Impact Assessment: Progress and Prospects; Comment on “Investigating Underlying Principles to Guide Health Impact Assessment”
International journal of health policy and management, 2014Co-Authors: Mirko S. Winkler, Jürg UtzingerAbstract:Health Impact Assessment (HIA) is a relatively young field of endeavour, and hence, future progress will depend on the planning, implementation and rigorous evaluation of additional HIAs of projects, programmes and policies the world over. In the June 2014 issue of the International Journal of Health Policy and Management, Fakhri and colleagues investigated underlying principles of HIA through a comprehensive review of the literature and expert consultation. With an emphasis on the Islamic Republic of Iran, the authors identified multiple issues that are relevant for guiding HIA practice. At the same time, the study unravelled current shortcomings in the understanding and definition of HIA principles and best practice at national, regional, and global levels. In this commentary we scrutinise the research presented, highlight strengths and limitations, and discuss the findings in the context of other recent attempts to guide HIA.
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untapped potential of Health Impact Assessment
Bulletin of The World Health Organization, 2013Co-Authors: Mirko S. Winkler, Gary R. Krieger, Mark Wielga, Burton H Singer, Mark J. Divall, Gueladio Cisse, Marcel Tanner, Jürg UtzingerAbstract:The World Health Organization has promoted Health Impact Assessment (HIA) for over 20 years. At the 2012 United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio+20), HIA was discussed as a critical method for linking Health to "green economy" and "institutional framework" strategies for sustainable development. In countries having a high human development index (HDI), HIA has been added to the overall Assessment suite that typically includes potential environmental and social Impacts, but it is rarely required as part of the environmental and social Impact Assessment for large development projects. When they are performed, project-driven HIAs are governed by a combination of project proponent and multilateral lender performance standards rather than host country requirements. Not surprisingly, in low-HDI countries HIA is missing from the programme and policy arena in the absence of an external project driver. Major drivers of global change (e.g. population growth and urbanization, growing pressure on natural resources and climate change) inordinately affect low- and medium-HDI countries; however, in such countries HIA is conspicuously absent. If the cloak of HIA invisibility is to be removed, it must be shown that HIA is useful and beneficial and, hence, an essential component of the 21st century's sustainable development agenda. We analyse where and how HIA can become fully integrated into the Impact Assessment suite and argue that the Impact of HIA must not remain obscure.
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Health Impact Assessment of industrial development projects: a spatio-temporal visualization
Geospatial health, 2012Co-Authors: Mirko S. Winkler, Gary R. Krieger, Burton H Singer, Mark J. Divall, Jürg UtzingerAbstract:Development and implementation of large-scale industrial projects in complex eco-epidemiological settings typically require combined environmental, social and Health Impact Assessments. We present a generic, spatio-temporal Health Impact Assessment (HIA) visualization, which can be readily adapted to specific projects and key stakeholders, including poorly literate communities that might be affected by consequences of a project. We illustrate how the occurrence of a variety of complex events can be utilized for stakeholder communication, awareness creation, interactive learning as well as formulating HIA research and implementation questions. Methodological features are highlighted in the context of an iron ore development in a rural part of Africa.
Maurice B Mittelmark - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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promoting social responsibility for Health Health Impact Assessment and Healthy public policy at the community level
Health Promotion International, 2001Co-Authors: Maurice B MittelmarkAbstract:The 1997 Jakarta Declaration on Health Promotion into the 21st Century called for new responses to address emerging threats to Health. The declaration placed a high priority on promoting social responsibility for Health and identified equity-focused Health Impact Assessment as a priority. Continuing on this theme, it is argued here that comprehensive implementation of equity-focused Health Impact Assessment is the essential building block in constructing socially responsible policy and practice. An especially important arena for Healthy public and private policy development is the local community and its settings, such as schools and workplaces. There are several compelling reasons why local level policy-making is an important ingredient in the mix of Health promotion strategies. Policy-making at macro levels may not
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Promoting social responsibility for Health: Health Impact Assessment and Healthy public policy at the community level
Health promotion international, 2001Co-Authors: Maurice B MittelmarkAbstract:The 1997 Jakarta Declaration on Health Promotion into the 21st Century called for new responses to address the emerging threats to Health. The declaration placed a high priority on promoting social responsibility for Health, and it identified equity-focused Health Impact Assessment as a high priority for action. This theme was among the foci at the 2000 Fifth Global Conference on Health Promotion held in Mexico. This paper, which is an abbreviation of a technical report prepared for the Mexico conference, advances arguments for focusing on Health Impact Assessment at the local level. Health Impact Assessment identifies negative Health Impacts that call for policy responses, and identifies and encourages practices and policies that promote Health. Health Impact Assessment may be highly technical and require sophisticated technology and expertise. But it can also be a simple, highly practical process, accessible to ordinary people, and one that helps a community come to grips with local circumstances that need changing for better Health. To illustrate the possibilities, this paper presents a case study, the People Assessing Their Health (PATH) project from Eastern Nova Scotia, Canada. It places ordinary citizens, rather than community elites, at the very heart of local decision-making. Evidence from PATH demonstrates that low technology Health Impact Assessment, done by and for local people, can shift thinking beyond the illness problems of individuals. It can bring into consideration, instead, how programmes and policies support or weaken community Health, and illuminate a community's capacity to improve local circumstances for better Health. This stands in contrast to evidence that highly technological approaches to community-level Health Impact Assessment can be self-defeating. Further development of simple, people-centred, low technology approaches to Health Impact Assessment at the local level is called for.
I. Forde - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A review of Health Impact Assessment frameworks
Journal of Public Health, 2008Co-Authors: I. FordeAbstract:Background: Consideration of Health Impacts of non-Health sector policies has been encouraged in many countries, with Health Impact Assessment (HIA) increasingly used worldwide for this purpose. HIA aims to assess the potential Impacts of a proposal and make recommendations to improve the potential Health outcomes and minimize inequalities. Although many of the same techniques can be used, such as community consultation, engagement or profiling, HIA differs from other community Health approaches in its starting point, purpose and relationship to interventions. Many frameworks have been produced to aid practitioners in conducting HIA. Objective: To review the many HIA frameworks in a systematic and comparative way. Study design: Systematic review. Method: The literature was searched to identify published frameworks giving sufficient guidance for those with the necessary skills to be able to undertake an HIA. Results: Approaches to HIA reflect their origins, particularly those derived from Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). Early HIA resources tended to use a biomedical model of Health and examine projects. Later developmentswere designed for usewith policy proposals, and tended to use a socio-economic or environmental model of Health. There aremore similarities than differences in approaches to HIA, with convergence over time, such as the distinction between ‘narrow’ and ‘broad’ focus HIA disappearing. Consideration of Health disparities is integral to most HIA frameworks but not universal. A few resources focus solely on inequalities. The extent of community participation advocated varies considerably. Conclusion: It is important to select an HIA framework designed for a comparable context, level of proposal and available resources.
Kevin J. Krizek - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Testing three Health Impact Assessment tools in planning: A process evaluation
Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 2011Co-Authors: Carissa Schively Slotterback, Ann Forsyth, Kevin J. Krizek, Amanda Johnson, Aly PennucciAbstract:Abstract There is increasing interest in Health Impact Assessment in planning. This paper describes the results of different approaches to Health Impact Assessment (HIA) conducted in 10 municipalities and one county in Minnesota. The paper outlines the HIA processes, outputs, and short-term outcomes concluding that it is important to engage a diverse group of stakeholders. Overall, HIA is potentially an important new tool in the planning toolkit. Strategic use of HIA to evaluate draft plans and inform plan updates and project redesigns can help raise awareness about Health issues and focus planning on important human problems.
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Health Impact Assessment in planning: Development of the design for Health HIA tools
Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 2010Co-Authors: Ann Forsyth, Carissa Schively Slotterback, Kevin J. KrizekAbstract:Abstract How can planners more systematically incorporate Health concerns into practical planning processes? This paper describes a suite of Health Impact Assessment tools (HIAs) developed specifically for planning practice. Taking an evidence-based approach the tools are designed to fit into existing planning activities. The tools include: a short audit tool, the Preliminary Checklist; a structured participatory workshop, the Rapid HIA; an intermediate Health Impact Assessment, the Threshold Analysis; and a set of Plan Review Checklists. This description provides a basis for future work including assessing tool validity, refining specific tools, and creating alternatives.
