The Experts below are selected from a list of 7854 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Evamarie Meemken - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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smallholder farmers and contract farming in developing countries
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2020Co-Authors: Evamarie Meemken, Marc F BellemareAbstract:Poverty is prevalent in the small-farm sector of many developing countries. A large literature suggests that contract farming-a preharvest agreement between farmers and buyers-can facilitate smallholder market participation, improve household welfare, and promote rural development. These findings have influenced the development policy debate, but the external validity of the extant evidence is limited. Available studies typically focus on a single contract scheme or on a small geographical area in one country. We generate evidence that is generalizable beyond a particular contract scheme, crop, or country, using nationally representative survey data from 6 countries. We focus on the implications of contract farming for household income and Labor demand, finding that contract farmers obtain higher incomes than their counterparts without contracts only in some countries. Contract farmers in most countries exhibit increased demand for Hired Labor, which suggests that contract farming stimulates employment, yet we do not find evidence of spillover effects at the community level. Our results challenge the notion that contract farming unambiguously improves welfare. We discuss why our results may diverge from previous findings and propose research designs that yield greater internal and external validity. Implications for policy and research are relevant beyond contract farming.
Sudhir K Singh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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can Labor market imperfections explain changes in the inverse farm size productivity relationship longitudinal evidence from rural india
Land Economics, 2016Co-Authors: Klaus Deininger, Songqing Jin, Yanyan Liu, Sudhir K SinghAbstract:A large national farm panel from India covering a quarter century (1982, 1999, and 2008) is used to show that the inverse farm size-yield relationship weakened significantly over time, despite an increase in the dispersion of farm sizes. Key reasons are substitution of capital for Labor in response to nonagricultural Labor demand. Family Labor was more efficient than Hired Labor in 1982-99, but not in 1999–2008. In line with Labor market imperfections as a key factor, separability of Labor supply and demand decisions cannot be rejected in the second period, except in villages with very low nonagricultural Labor demand.
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can Labor market imperfections explain changes in the inverse farm size productivity relationship longitudinal evidence from rural india
2016Co-Authors: Klaus Deininger, Songqing Jin, Yanyan Liu, Sudhir K SinghAbstract:To understand whether and how inverse relationship between farm size and productivity changes when Labor market performance improves, we use large national farm panel from India covering a quarter-century (1982, 1999, 2008) to show that the inverserelationship weakened significantly over time, despite an increase in the dispersion of farm sizes. A key reason was the substitution of capital for Labor in response to nonagricultural Labor demand. In addition, family Labor wasmore efficient than Hired Labor in the 1982–1999 period, but not during the 1999–2008period.In line with Labor market imperfections as a key factor, separability of Labor supply and demand decisions cannot be rejected in the second period,except in villages with very low nonagricultural Labor demand.
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short term effects of india s employment guarantee program on Labor markets and agricultural productivity
2016Co-Authors: Klaus Deininger, Hari K Nagarajan, Sudhir K SinghAbstract:This paper uses a large national household panel from 1999/2000 and 2007/08 to analyze the short-term effects of India's Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme on wages, Labor supply, agricultural Labor use, and productivity. The scheme prompted a 10-point wage increase and higher Labor supply to nonagricultural casual work and agricultural self-employment. Program-induced drops in Hired Labor demand were more than outweighed by more intensive use of family Labor, machinery, fertilizer, and diversification to crops with higher risk-return profiles, especially by small farmers. Although the aggregate productivity effects were modest, total employment generated by the program (but not employment in irrigation-related activities) significantly increased productivity, suggesting alleviation of liquidity constraints and implicit insurance provision rather than quality of works undertaken as a main channel for program-induced productivity effects.
Forhad Shilpi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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agricultural productivity Hired Labor wages and poverty evidence from bangladesh
World Development, 2014Co-Authors: Shahe M Emran, Forhad ShilpiAbstract:This paper provides evidence on the effects of agricultural productivity on wage rates, Labor supply to market oriented activities, and Labor allocation between own farming and wage Labor in agriculture. To guide the empirical work, this paper develops a general equilibrium model that underscores the role of reallocation of family Labor engaged in the production of non-marketed services at home (`home production'). The model predicts positive effects of a favorable agricultural productivity shock on wages and income, but the effect on Hired Labor is ambiguous; it depends on the strength of reallocation of Labor from home to market production by Labor surplus and deficit households. Taking rainfall variations as a measure of shock to agricultural productivity, and using subdistrict level panel data from Bangladesh, this paper finds significant positive effects of a favorable rainfall shock on agricultural wages, Labor supply to market work, and per capita household expenditure. The share of Hired Labor in contrast declines substantially in response to a favorable productivity shock, which is consistent with a case where Labor-deficit households respond more than the Labor-surplus ones in reallocating Labor from home production.
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Agricultural Productivity, Hired Labor, Wages and Poverty: Evidence from Bangladesh
2014Co-Authors: M. Shahe Emran, Forhad ShilpiAbstract:This paper provides evidence on the effects of agricultural productivity on wage, Labor supply to market oriented activities and Labor allocation between own farming and wage Labor in agriculture. To guide the empirical work, it develops a general equilibrium model that underscores the role of reallocation of family Labor engaged in the production of non-marketed services at home (`home production'). The model predicts positive effects of a favorable agricultural productivity shock on wage and income, but the effect on Hired Labor is ambiguous; it depends on the strength of reallocation of Labor from home to market production by Labor surplus and deficit households. Taking rainfall variations as a measure of shock to agricultural productivity and using sub-district level panel data from Bangladesh, we find significant positive effects of a favorable rainfall shock on agricultural wage, Labor supply to market work and per capita household expenditure. The share of Hired Labor in contrast declines substantially in response to a favorable productivity shock which is consistent with a case where Labor-deficit households respond more than the Labor-surplus ones in reallocating Labor from home production.
Cosmas Kweyu Lutomia - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Regional impact of COVID-19 on the production and food security of common bean smallholder farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa: Implication for SDG's
Global food security, 2021Co-Authors: Eileen Bogweh Nchanji, Cosmas Kweyu LutomiaAbstract:Abstract Concerns about the implications of COVID-19 on agriculture and food security in Sub-Saharan Africa abound. Containment measures in response to the pandemic have markedly different outcomes depending on the degree of enforcement of the measures and the existing vulnerabilities pre-COVID. In this descriptive study, we document the possible impacts of the pandemic on bean production and food security using data collected from March to April 2020 in eleven countries in four sub-regions in Sub-Saharan Africa. The results reveal that COVID-19 created significant bean production challenges across the sub-regions, including low access to seed, farm inputs, Hired Labor, and agricultural finance. We also show that COVID-19 threatens to reverse gains made in the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals number 1 and 2. Countries in Southern and Eastern Africa are likely to suffer temporal food shortages than those in Western and Central Africa. Although governments have responded by offering economic stimulus packages, much needs to be done to enable the sub-sector to recover from ruins caused by the pandemic. We recommend building sustainable and resilient food systems through strengthening and enabling public-private partnerships. Governments should invest directly in input supply systems and short food supply chains through digital access and food delivery.
Marc F Bellemare - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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smallholder farmers and contract farming in developing countries
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2020Co-Authors: Evamarie Meemken, Marc F BellemareAbstract:Poverty is prevalent in the small-farm sector of many developing countries. A large literature suggests that contract farming-a preharvest agreement between farmers and buyers-can facilitate smallholder market participation, improve household welfare, and promote rural development. These findings have influenced the development policy debate, but the external validity of the extant evidence is limited. Available studies typically focus on a single contract scheme or on a small geographical area in one country. We generate evidence that is generalizable beyond a particular contract scheme, crop, or country, using nationally representative survey data from 6 countries. We focus on the implications of contract farming for household income and Labor demand, finding that contract farmers obtain higher incomes than their counterparts without contracts only in some countries. Contract farmers in most countries exhibit increased demand for Hired Labor, which suggests that contract farming stimulates employment, yet we do not find evidence of spillover effects at the community level. Our results challenge the notion that contract farming unambiguously improves welfare. We discuss why our results may diverge from previous findings and propose research designs that yield greater internal and external validity. Implications for policy and research are relevant beyond contract farming.