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Claudio R. Lazzari - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Host-seeking behavior in larvae of the robber fly Mallophora ruficauda (Diptera: Asilidae).
Journal of insect physiology, 2004Co-Authors: Marcela Karina Castelo, Claudio R. LazzariAbstract:The robber fly Mallophora ruficauda is the most important pest of apiculture in the Pampas region of Argentina. Adults prey on honeybees and other insects, while larvae parasitize larvae of scarab beetles, which live underground. Females of M. ruficauda do not search for Hosts but instead lay eggs in tall pastures. Once hatched, larvae drop to the ground and burrow underground to search for their Hosts. We tested in the laboratory whether larvae of M. ruficauda actively search for their Hosts using Host and/or Host-related chemical cues. We report that M. ruficauda detects its Host using chemical cues that originate in the posterior half of the Host's body, most likely from an abdominal exocrine structure. This particular Host-Searching strategy is described for the first time in Asilidae.
Marcela Karina Castelo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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spatial density dependent parasitism and specificity in the robber fly mallophora ruficauda diptera asilidae
Austral Ecology, 2010Co-Authors: Marcela Karina Castelo, Juan C CorleyAbstract:The density-dependence in parasitism by the robber fly Mallophora ruficauda (Diptera: Asilidae) on scarab beetle larvae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) populations was studied in the present research. Mallophora ruficauda is a pestiferous species common in the open grasslands of the Pampas region of South America. Adults are predators of insects and larvae are solitary parasitoids of third instar larvae of several species of scarab beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). In contrast with most studied Host-parasitoid interactions, Host Searching by M. ruficauda is carried out by both larvae and adults.Typically, robber fly females lay eggs on tall grasses from where larvae drop to the ground, and attack Hosts which are buried in the soil.We carried out our study at two spatial scales close to 14 apiaries located in the provinces of Buenos Aires and Entre Rios (Argentina). We found that parasitism is density-independent at the larger spatial scale and inversely density-dependent at the smaller one.We also found that M. ruficauda selects Cyclocephala signaticollis among several scarab beetle species. Specificity is observed both at large and small spatial scales. We discuss the implications of both Host specificity and Host Searching behaviour on the observed parasitism patterns.
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Host-seeking behavior in larvae of the robber fly Mallophora ruficauda (Diptera: Asilidae).
Journal of insect physiology, 2004Co-Authors: Marcela Karina Castelo, Claudio R. LazzariAbstract:The robber fly Mallophora ruficauda is the most important pest of apiculture in the Pampas region of Argentina. Adults prey on honeybees and other insects, while larvae parasitize larvae of scarab beetles, which live underground. Females of M. ruficauda do not search for Hosts but instead lay eggs in tall pastures. Once hatched, larvae drop to the ground and burrow underground to search for their Hosts. We tested in the laboratory whether larvae of M. ruficauda actively search for their Hosts using Host and/or Host-related chemical cues. We report that M. ruficauda detects its Host using chemical cues that originate in the posterior half of the Host's body, most likely from an abdominal exocrine structure. This particular Host-Searching strategy is described for the first time in Asilidae.
Yooichi Kainoh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Deterrent effects of intact plants on Host-Searching behavior of parasitoid wasps
Applied Entomology and Zoology, 2020Co-Authors: Kosuke Isono, Kazumu Kuramitsu, Yooichi KainohAbstract:Female parasitoids distinguish between Host-infested and intact plants using chemical cues; however, the contribution of intact plants to Host Searching of parasitoids has not been investigated so far. Here, we tested how Host-Searching behavior of the parasitoid wasp, Cotesia kariyai (Watanabe) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), was affected by intact maize plants in a wind tunnel. To determine the best color for material to create a plant model, we observed flight responses of female wasps to paper plant models of four different colors. Wasps tended to land more frequently on green models than other models. Therefore, a green paper model was used for subsequent experiments. In a no-choice test, female wasps showed higher landing rates on a paper plant model treated with herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) than on an intact plant. Moreover, in two-choice tests, wasps preferred the plant model with HIPVs over an intact plant with HIPVs. Intact plants seem to deter C. kariyai females. Our findings suggest that information from intact plants also contributes to the Host-Searching behavior of females in the natural environment.
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Synergistic Effects of Volatiles from Host-Infested Plants on Host-Searching Behavior in the Parasitoid Wasp Lytopylus rufipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)
Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2019Co-Authors: Chia-ming Liu, Shigeru Matsuyama, Yooichi KainohAbstract:Herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) are important cues for natural enemies to find their Hosts. HIPVs are usually present as blends and the effects of combinations of individual components are less studied. Here, we investigated plant volatiles in a tritrophic system, comprising the parasitoid wasp Lytopylus rufipes Nees (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), the Oriental fruit moth Grapholita molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), and Japanese pear, Pyrus pyrifolia ‘Kosui’, so as to elucidate the effects of single components and blends on wasp behaviors. Bioassays in a four-arm olfactometer, using either shoots or their isolated volatiles collected on adsorbent, revealed that female wasps preferred volatiles from Host-infested shoots over those from intact shoots. Analyses identified ( Z )-3-hexenyl acetate (H), linalool (L), ( E )-β-ocimene (O), ( E )-3,8-dimethyl-1,4,7-nonatriene (D), and ( E , E )-α-farnesene (F). Among them, only F was induced by infestation with G . molesta . When tested singly, only O and D elicited positive responses by L. rufipes . Binary blends of HO and DF elicited a positive response, but that of HD elicited a negative one, even though D alone elicited a positive response. Remarkably, wasps did not prefer either the ODF or HL blends, but showed a highest positive response to a quinary blend (HLODF). These results show that synergism among volatiles released from Host-infested plants is necessary for eliciting high behavioral responses in L. rufipes , enabling L. rufipes to find its Host efficiently.
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Differences in food plant species of the polyphagous herbivore Mythimna separata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) influence Host Searching behavior of its larval parasitoid, Cotesia kariyai (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)
Arthropod-Plant Interactions, 2019Co-Authors: Kazumu Kuramitsu, Edelyn Joy M. Vicencio, Yooichi KainohAbstract:In tri-trophic interactions among plants, herbivorous insects, and parasitoids, the food plant species of herbivores may affect parasitoid performance, such as Host Searching behavior and development and survival of immature parasitoids in the Host body. Here, we tested the effects of food plant species of the Host Mythimna separata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on Host Searching behavior (i.e., flight responses to Host-infested plant volatiles [HIPVs] and antennal responses to Host feces or fecal extract) by the larval parasitoid Cotesia kariyai (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). In laboratory tests, female wasps responded differentially to HIPVs and feces produced from Host caterpillars on different diets. Female wasps showed stronger responses to HIPVs from infested maize than to those from infested daikon. Similarly, wasps showed stronger contact responses to feces from caterpillars fed on maize or kidney bean than to those fed on daikon or an artificial diet. Previous studies demonstrated that maize-fed caterpillars are suitable Hosts, whereas daikon-fed caterpillars are unsuitable Hosts, for parasitism by C. kariyai . Therefore, our results indicate that female wasps show stronger responses to the chemicals related to suitable Hosts than to those of unsuitable Hosts.
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Oviposition Experience of Parasitoid Wasps with NonHost Larvae Affects their Olfactory and Contact-Behavioral Responses toward Host- and NonHost-Infested Plants
'Springer Science and Business Media LLC', 2019Co-Authors: 戒能 洋一, Junji Takabayashi, Masayoshi Uefune, Saw Steven, Rika Ozawa, Yooichi KainohAbstract:In nature, parasitoid wasps encounter and sometimes show oviposition behavior to nonHost species. However, little is known about the effect of such negative incidences on their subsequent Host-Searching behavior. We tested this effect in a tritrophic system of maize plants (Zea mays), common armyworms (Hosts), tobacco cutworms (nonHosts), and parasitoid wasps, Cotesia kariyai. We used oviposition inexperienced C. kariyai and negative-experienced individuals that had expressed oviposition behavior toward nonHosts on nonHost-infested maize leaves. We first observed the olfactory behavior of C. kariyai to volatiles from Host-infested plants or nonHost-infested plants in a wind tunnel. Negative-experienced wasps showed significantly lower rates of taking-off behavior (Step-1), significantly longer duration until landing (Step-2), and lower rates of landing behavior (Step-3) toward nonHost-infested plants than inexperienced wasps. However, the negative-experience did not affect these three steps toward Host-infested plants. A negative experience appears to have negatively affected the olfactory responses to nonHost-infested plants. The chemical analyses suggested that the wasps associated (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, a compound that was emitted more in nonHost-infested plants, with the negative experience, and reduced their response to nonHost-infested plants. Furthermore, we observed that the Searching duration of wasps on either nonHost- or Host-infested plants (Step-4) was reduced on both plant types after the negative experiences. Therefore, the negative experience in Step-4 would be nonadaptive for wasps on Host-infested plants. Our study indicated that the density (i.e., possible encounters) of nonHost species as well as that of Host species in the field should be considered when assessing the Host-Searching behavior of parasitoid wasps
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Behavior of the tachinid parasitoid Exorista japonica (Diptera: Tachinidae) on herbivore-infested plants
Applied Entomology and Zoology, 2011Co-Authors: Kazushi Hanyu, Ryoko T. Ichiki, Satoshi Nakamura, Yooichi KainohAbstract:Odors from corn plants infested with the larvae of the noctuid herbivore Mythimna separata (Walker) attract tachinid fly, Exorista japonica Townsend, females; and odors from corn plants artificially damaged also attract this fly. We investigated the responses of flies to herbivore-infested, artificially damaged, and undamaged plants before and after arrival at the target plants to measure timing of the behavioral sequence. The behavior of the flies for 10 min after takeoff from a release point was observed in a wind-tunnel bioassay. The percentage of flies attracted to the plants was higher in infested and artificially damaged plants than in undamaged plants. Latency before takeoff was longer in undamaged plants, and time from takeoff to arrival at the plant was also longer in undamaged plants. Moreover, flies stayed longer on infested and artificially damaged plants. Flies walked longer on infested plants than on artificially damaged and undamaged plants. In this paper, we summarize the behavioral data and discuss the Host-Searching behavior of E. japonica females.
Junji Takabayashi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Oviposition Experience of Parasitoid Wasps with NonHost Larvae Affects their Olfactory and Contact-Behavioral Responses toward Host- and NonHost-Infested Plants
'Springer Science and Business Media LLC', 2019Co-Authors: 戒能 洋一, Junji Takabayashi, Masayoshi Uefune, Saw Steven, Rika Ozawa, Yooichi KainohAbstract:In nature, parasitoid wasps encounter and sometimes show oviposition behavior to nonHost species. However, little is known about the effect of such negative incidences on their subsequent Host-Searching behavior. We tested this effect in a tritrophic system of maize plants (Zea mays), common armyworms (Hosts), tobacco cutworms (nonHosts), and parasitoid wasps, Cotesia kariyai. We used oviposition inexperienced C. kariyai and negative-experienced individuals that had expressed oviposition behavior toward nonHosts on nonHost-infested maize leaves. We first observed the olfactory behavior of C. kariyai to volatiles from Host-infested plants or nonHost-infested plants in a wind tunnel. Negative-experienced wasps showed significantly lower rates of taking-off behavior (Step-1), significantly longer duration until landing (Step-2), and lower rates of landing behavior (Step-3) toward nonHost-infested plants than inexperienced wasps. However, the negative-experience did not affect these three steps toward Host-infested plants. A negative experience appears to have negatively affected the olfactory responses to nonHost-infested plants. The chemical analyses suggested that the wasps associated (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, a compound that was emitted more in nonHost-infested plants, with the negative experience, and reduced their response to nonHost-infested plants. Furthermore, we observed that the Searching duration of wasps on either nonHost- or Host-infested plants (Step-4) was reduced on both plant types after the negative experiences. Therefore, the negative experience in Step-4 would be nonadaptive for wasps on Host-infested plants. Our study indicated that the density (i.e., possible encounters) of nonHost species as well as that of Host species in the field should be considered when assessing the Host-Searching behavior of parasitoid wasps
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Effects of larval densities and the duration since larval infestation on the Host-Searching behavior of Diadegma semiclausum, a parasitoid of diamondback moth larvae on plants
Journal of Ethology, 2012Co-Authors: Yoshitsugu Ohara, Junji TakabayashiAbstract:The Host-Searching behavior of Diadegma semiclausum , a parasitoid of diamondback moth (DBM) larvae, was studied in a wind tunnel. Wasps flew preferentially to a cabbage plant, freshly infested by 1 DBM larva, or one freshly infested by 10 DBM larvae, than to an intact plant. There was no significant difference between wasps’ responses to plants infested by different DBM larvae densities. We also found that the duration since the last infestation by 10 DBM larvae (1 or 3 days) negatively affected the attractiveness of infested plants. We also studied the time wasps spent Searching for larvae on a cabbage plant (residence time). The wasps spent ca. 400 s on a plant freshly infested by 1 larva. Residence time was significantly longer (ca. 1,200 s) on a plant freshly infested by either 5 or 15 DBM larvae. Residence time of D. semiclausum on a plant freshly infested by 5 DBM larvae was significantly longer than on a previously infested plant (1 or 3 days after the last infestation). These results showed that Host densities on a plant and the duration since their last infestation affected the Host-Searching behavior of D. semiclausum .
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Host-Searching responses to herbivory-associated chemical information and patch use depend on mating status of female solitary parasitoid wasps
Ecological Entomology, 2010Co-Authors: Soichi Kugimiya, Takeshi Shimoda, Eric Wajnberg, Masayoshi Uefune, Junji TakabayashiAbstract:1. In a tritrophic interaction system consisting of plants, herbivores, and their parasitoids, chemicals released from plants after herbivory are known to play important roles for many female parasitoids to find their Hosts efficiently. On the plant side, chemical information associated with herbivory can act as an indirect defence by attracting the natural enemies of the Host herbivores. 2. However, mated and virgin females of haplodiploid parasitoids might not necessarily respond to such chemical cues in the same way. Since virgin females can produce only sons, they might refrain from Searching for Hosts to invest eggs until copulation, in order to produce both sexes. 3. Here, we investigated differential Host-Searching behaviours shown by mated and virgin females in the solitary parasitoid wasp, Cotesia vestalis, in response to herbivory-associated chemical information from cruciferous plants infested by their Host larvae, Plutella xylostella. 4. Mated females showed a significantly higher flight preference for Host-infested plants over intact plants, while no preference was observed with virgin females. Mated females also showed more intensive antennal Searching and ovipositor probing behaviours to leaf squares with wounds caused by Hosts than did virgin females. Furthermore, mated females stayed longer in Host patches with higher parasitism rates than virgin females. 5. These results indicate that mating status of C. vestalis females clearly influences their Host-Searching behaviour in response to herbivory-associated chemical information and patch exploitation. Female parasitoids seem to forage for Hosts depending on their own physiological condition in a tritrophic system.
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role of the lipoxygenase lyase pathway of Host food plants in the Host Searching behavior of two parasitoid species cotesia glomerata and cotesia plutellae
Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2006Co-Authors: Kaori Shiojiri, Soichi Kugimiya, Rika Ozawa, Kenji Matsui, Kyutaro Kishimoto, Junji TakabayashiAbstract:To elucidate the role of the plant lipoxygenase (LOX)/lyase pathway for Host search behavior of two parasitic wasps attacking herbivorous larvae, an Arabidopsis mutant (all84) was isolated with a mutation somewhere in the LOX/lyase pathway. Detached leaves of the mutant were shown to release less (Z)-3-hexenal, a first green leaf volatile (GLV) product of the LOX/lyase pathway. The braconid larval parasitoids studied, Cotesia glomerata and Cotesia plutella, differ in their ability to discriminate among plant volatiles induced by feeding of lepidopteran Hosts and nonHosts: C. plutella only responds to plant volatiles induced by Hosts (Plutella larvae), whereas the response by the more generalist C. glomerata is not Host specific. The Arabidopsis mutant all84 infested by Pieris larvae was less attractive to C. glomerata than Arabidopsis wild type (wt) infested by the Host larvae. C. glomerata was attracted by two of the GLV biosynthesized through the LOX/lyase pathway, (E)-2-hexenal and (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate. However, attraction of C. plutellae to volatiles from Plutella-infested all84 plants did not differ from attraction to Host-infested wt Arabidopsis. Both wasp species were arrested to the respective Host-infested edge of the wt leaf by showing characteristic antennal Searching behavior on the edge. In C. glomerata, the duration of this Searching behavior at the infested leaf edge was significantly shorter on all84 plants than on wt plants. By contrast, the duration of the Searching behavior of C. plutellae on the Host-infested leaf edge of all84 was not significantly different from that on the wt leaf. These data suggest that the LOX/lyase pathway is directly involved in the production of attractants and arrestants important for Host search behavior of the more generalist C. glomerata, but not for the specialist C. plutellae.
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response to Host infested plants in females of diadegma semiclausum hellen hymenoptera ichneumonidae
Applied Entomology and Zoology, 2003Co-Authors: Yoshitsugu Ohara, Akio Takafuji, Junji TakabayashiAbstract:Responses of Diadegma semiclausum, a specialist solitary parasitoid of diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) larvae, to Host-infested cabbage plants were studied. Females were more attracted to Host-infested plants than uninfested plants in a wind tunnel. The origin of the attraction was neither the Hosts nor their associated products, such as feces, silk and exuviae, but the infested plant itself. Once on the infested plant, the females initiated specific antennal contact with a Host-damaged site on a leaf to search for Hosts. Based on these data, the effect of chemical cues from infested plants on Host Searching by females is discussed.
Chenzhu Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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an odorant receptor and glomerulus responding to farnesene in helicoverpa assulta lepidoptera noctuidae
Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2019Co-Authors: Han Wu, Ruiting Li, Junfeng Dong, Nanji Jiang, Lingqiao Huang, Chenzhu WangAbstract:Abstract Terpenoids emitted from herbivore-damaged plants were found to play an important role in regulating tritrophic interactions. How herbivores and their natural enemies perceive terpenoids has not been thoroughly elucidated to date. Using in vivo calcium imaging, we found in this study that farnesene activates one glomerulus in the antennal lobe of female Helicoverpa assulta. The response induced by a mixture of farnesene isomers is stronger than that elicited by E-β-farnesene alone. In the Xenopus oocyte expression system, HassOR23/ORco is narrowly tuned to farnesene isomers and compounds with similar structures. Finally, the behavioral studies showed that the farnesene isomers have an inhibitory effect on oviposition of female H. assulta, but have an attractive effect on Host Searching of Campoletis chlorideae, the key endoparasitoid of H. assulta larvae. These results demonstrate that farnesene isomers are encoded by a labeled-line mode in the olfactory system of female H. assulta, suggesting that farnesene as a chemical signal from plants has important behavioral relevance and evolutionary implications in the tritrophic context.
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an odorant receptor and glomerulus responding to farnesene in helicoverpa assulta lepidoptera noctuidae
Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2019Co-Authors: Junfeng Dong, Nanji Jiang, Lingqiao Huang, Chenzhu WangAbstract:Abstract Terpenoids emitted from herbivore-damaged plants were found to play an important role in regulating tritrophic interactions. How herbivores and their natural enemies perceive terpenoids has not been thoroughly elucidated to date. Using in vivo calcium imaging, we found in this study that farnesene activates one glomerulus in the antennal lobe of female Helicoverpa assulta. The response induced by a mixture of farnesene isomers is stronger than that elicited by E-β-farnesene alone. In the Xenopus oocyte expression system, HassOR23/ORco is narrowly tuned to farnesene isomers and compounds with similar structures. Finally, the behavioral studies showed that the farnesene isomers have an inhibitory effect on oviposition of female H. assulta, but have an attractive effect on Host Searching of Campoletis chlorideae, the key endoparasitoid of H. assulta larvae. These results demonstrate that farnesene isomers are encoded by a labeled-line mode in the olfactory system of female H. assulta, suggesting that farnesene as a chemical signal from plants has important behavioral relevance and evolutionary implications in the tritrophic context.