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Gary J. Samuels - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Genera in Bionectriaceae, Hypocreaceae, and Nectriaceae (Hypocreales) proposed for acceptance or rejection
IMA Fungus, 2013Co-Authors: Amy Y. Rossman, Gary J. Samuels, Kadri Põldmaa, Keith A. Seifert, Andrew M. Minnis, Hans-josef Schroers, Lorenzo Lombard, Pedro W. Crous, Paul F. Cannon, Richard C. SummerbellAbstract:With the recent changes concerning pleomorphic fungi in the new International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN), it is necessary to propose the acceptance or protection of sexual morph-typified or asexual morph-typified generic names that do not have priority, or to propose the rejection or suppression1 of competing names. In addition, sexual morph-typified generic names, where widely used, must be proposed for rejection or suppression in favour of asexual morph-typified names that have priority, or the latter must be proposed for conservation or protection. Some pragmatic criteria used for deciding the acceptance or rejection of generic names include: the number of name changes required when one generic name is used over another, the clarity of the generic concept, their relative frequencies of use in the scientific literature, and a vote of interested mycologists. Here, twelve widely used generic names in three families of Hypocreales are proposed for acceptance, either by conservation or protection, despite their lack of priority of publication, or because they are widely used asexual morph-typified names. Each pair of generic names is evaluated, with a recommendation as to the generic name to be used, and safeguarded, either through conservation or protection. Four generic names typified by a species with a sexual morph as type that are younger than competing generic names typified by a species with an asexual morph type, are proposed for use. Eight older generic names typified by species with an asexual morph as type are proposed for use over younger competing generic names typified by a species with a sexual morph as type. Within Bionectriaceae, Clonostachys is recommended over Bionectria; in Hypocreaceae, Hypomyces is recommended over Cladobotryum, Sphaerostilbella over Gliocladium, and Trichoderma over Hypocrea; and in Nectriaceae, Actinostilbe is recommended over Lanatonectria, Cylindrocladiella over Nectricladiella, Fusarium over Gibberella, Gliocephalotrichum over Leuconectria, Gliocladiopsis over Glionectria, Nalanthamala over Rubrinectria, Nectria over Tubercularia, and Neonectria over Cylindrocarpon.
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Hypocrea peltata: a mycological Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde?
Mycologia, 2011Co-Authors: Gary J. Samuels, Adnan IsmaielAbstract:Hypocrea peltata (Pezizomycotina, Hypocreales, Hypocreaceae) is a common, widespread essentially subtropical species, with an uncharacteristically large stroma and asci containing four large and fo...
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Trichoderma amazonicum, a new endophytic species on Hevea brasiliensis and H. guianensis from the Amazon basin
Mycologia, 2011Co-Authors: Priscila Chaverri, Romina Gazis, Gary J. SamuelsAbstract:A new species of Trichoderma (teleomorph Hypocrea, Ascomycota, Sordariomycetes, Hypocreales, Hypocreaceae), T. amazonicum, endophytic on the living sapwood and leaves of Hevea spp. trees is described. Trichoderma amazonicum is distinguished from closely related species in the Harzianum clade (e.g. Hypocrea alni, H. brunneoviridis, H. epimyces, H. parepimyces, T. aggressivum, T. harzianum, T. pleuroticola and T. pleuroti) by morphological and ecological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of three loci (ITS nrDNA, tef1 and rpb2). The closest relatives of this species are the facultatively fungicolous species T. pleuroticola and T. pleuroti.
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Reconsideration of Protocrea (Hypocreales, Hypocreaceae).
Mycologia, 2008Co-Authors: Walter M. Jaklitsch, Kadri Põldmaa, Gary J. SamuelsAbstract:The genus Protocrea is redefined, based on holotype and fresh specimens of its type species P. farinosa, using morphology of teleomorph and anamorph and phylogenetic analyses of rpb2 sequences. Data based on currently available specimens suggest the existence of three well defined and three still unnamed species. Apart from the type, P. farinosa, none of the species originally included are accepted in the genus. Species of Protocrea are characterized by perithecia formed in or on a subiculum, bicellular ascospores that disarticulate at the septum while still in the ascus and by anamorphs belonging to Gliocladium sensu stricto. For Hypocrea farinosa sensu auct. the new species H. decipiens is introduced. Hypocrea pallida is recognized as a species of Protocrea. It is closely related to P. farinosa, morphologically, phylogenetically and by habit. Protocrea illinoensis is described here as the sister taxon of P. farinosa found in the USA. All species are polyporicolous, with the principal hosts Skeletocutis ...
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Hypocrea/Trichoderma (Ascomycota, Hypocreales, Hypocreaceae): species with green ascospores.
2003Co-Authors: Pricila. Chaverri, Gary J. SamuelsAbstract:The systematics of species of Hypocrea with green ascospores and their Trichoderma anamorphs is presented. Multiple phenotypic characters were analysed, including teleomorph and anamorph, as well as colony morphology and growth rates at various temperatures. In addition, phylogenetic analyses of two genes, the RNA polymerase II subunit (RPB2) and translation elongation factor 1-alpha (EF-1α), were performed. These analyses revealed that species of Hypocrea with green ascospores and Trichoderma anamorphs are derived from within Hypocrea but do not form a monophyletic group. Therefore, Creopus and Chromocrea, genera formerly segregated from Hypocrea only based on their coloured ascospores, are considered synonyms of Hypocrea. The present study showed that phenotypic characters alone are generally not helpful in understanding phylogenetic relationships in this group of organisms, because teleomorph characters are generally highly conserved and anamorph characters tend to be morphologically divergent within monophyletic lineages or clades. The species concept used here for Hypocrea/Trichoderma is based on a combination of phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. In this study 40 species of Hypocrea/Trichoderma having green ascospores are described and illustrated. Dichotomous keys to the species are given. The following species are treated (names in bold are new species or new combinations): H. albocornea, H. atrogelatinosa, H. aureoviridis/T. aureoviride, H. candida/T. candidum, H. catoptron/T. catoptron, H. centristerilis, H. ceracea/T. ceraceum, H. ceramica/T. ceramicum, H. chlorospora/T. chlorosporum, H. chromosperma/T. chromospermum, H. cinnamomea/T. cinnamomeum, H. clusiae, H. cornea, H. costaricensis, H. crassa/T. crassum, H. cremea/T. cremeum, H. cuneispora/T. cuneisporum, H. estonica/T. estonicum, H. gelatinosa/T. gelatinosum, H. gyrosa, H. lixii/T. harzianum, H. macrospora, H. melanomagna/T. melanomagnum, H. nigrovirens/T. nigrovirens, H. phyllostachydis/T. phyllostachydis, H. rugulosa, H. sinuosa/T. sinuosum, H. spinulosa, H. straminea/T. stramineum, H. strictipilosa/T. strictipile, H. substipitata, H. sulawesensis, H. surrotunda/T. surrotundum, H. tawa/T. tawa, H. thailandica/T. thailandicum, H. thelephoricola/T. thelephoricola, H. tuberosa, H. velenovskyi, H. virens/T. virens, and H. virescentiflava. The following species are excluded: H. andinogelatinosa, H. dacrymycella, H. dichromospora, H. palmicola, H. pseudogelatinosa, H. subalbocornea, H. subatrogelatinosa, H. tropicosinensis, H. viscidula, H. viridis, and Chromocrea leucostroma.
Jae-jin Kim - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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New Report of Three Unrecorded Species in Trichoderma harzianum Species Complex in Korea
Mycobiology, 2018Co-Authors: Seokyoon Jang, Sun Lul Kwon, Hanbyul Lee, Yeongseon Jang, Myung Soo Park, Young Woon Lim, Changmu Kim, Jae-jin KimAbstract:The genus Trichoderma (Hypocreaceae, Ascomycota) consists of globally distributed fungi. Among them, T. harzianum, one of the most commonly collected Trichoderma species, had been known as a polyph...
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New Report of Three Unrecorded Species in Trichoderma harzianum Species Complex in Korea
Taylor & Francis Group, 2018Co-Authors: Seokyoon Jang, Sun Lul Kwon, Hanbyul Lee, Yeongseon Jang, Myung Soo Park, Young Woon Lim, Changmu Kim, Jae-jin KimAbstract:The genus Trichoderma (Hypocreaceae, Ascomycota) consists of globally distributed fungi. Among them, T. harzianum, one of the most commonly collected Trichoderma species, had been known as a polyphyletic or aggregate species. However, a total of 19 species were determined from the polyphyletic groups of T. harzianum. Thus, we explored Korean “T. harzianum” specimens that were collected in 2013–2014. These specimens were re-examined based on a recent study with translate elongation factor 1-alpha (EF1α) sequences to reveal cryptic Trichoderma species in Korea. As a result, four different species, T. afroharzianum, T. atrobruneum, T. pyramidale, and T. harzianum, were identified. Except T. harzianum, the other three species have not been reported in Korea. In this work, we describe these species and provide figures
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Five New Records of Soil-Derived Trichoderma in Korea: T. albolutescens, T. asperelloides, T. orientale, T. spirale, and T. tomentosum.
Mycobiology, 2017Co-Authors: Seokyoon Jang, Hanbyul Lee, Yeongseon Jang, Chul Kim, Joo Hyun Hong, Young Mok Heo, Young Min Lee, Dong Wan Lee, Hyang Burm Lee, Jae-jin KimAbstract:Despite the huge worldwide diversity of Trichoderma (Hypocreaceae, Ascomycota), only about 22 species have been reported in Korea. Thus, between 2013 and 2015, soil-derived Trichoderma spp. were isolated to reveal the diversity of Korean Trichoderma. Phylogenetic analysis of translation elongation factor 1 alpha gene was used for identification. Among the soil-derived Trichoderma, Trichoderma albolutescens, T. asperelloides, T. orientale, T. spirale, and T. tomentosum have not been previously reported in Korea. Thus, we report the five Trichoderma species as new in Korea with morphological descriptions and images.
Patrice Rey - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Analyses of the Temporal Dynamics of Fungal Communities Colonizing the Healthy Wood Tissues of Esca Leaf-Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Vines
PLoS ONE, 2014Co-Authors: Emilie Bruez, Jessica Vallance, Jonathan Gerbore, Pascal Lecomte, Jean-pierre Da Costa, Lucia Guerin-dubrana, Patrice ReyAbstract:Esca, a Grapevine Trunk Disease (GTD), is of major concern for viticulture worldwide. Our study compares the fungal communities that inhabit the wood tissues of vines that expressed or not foliar esca-symptoms. The trunk and rootstock tissues were apparently healthy, whether the 10 year-old plants were symptomatic or not. The only difference was in the cordon, which contained white rot, a typical form of esca, in 79% of symptomatic plants. Observations over a period of one year using a fingerprint method, Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism (SSCP), and the ITS-DNA sequencing of cultivable fungi, showed that shifts occurred in the fungal communities colonizing the healthy wood tissues. However, whatever the sampling time, spring, summer, autumn or winter, the fungi colonizing the healthy tissues of asymptomatic or symptomatic plants were not significantly different. Forty-eight genera were isolated, with species of Hypocreaceae and Botryosphaeriaceae being the most abundant species. Diverse fungal assemblages, made up of potentially plant-pathogenic and -protective fungi, colonized these non-necrotic tissues. Some fungi, possibly involved in GTD, inhabited the non-necrotic wood of young plants, but no increase in necrosis areas was observed over the one-year period.
Walter M. Jaklitsch - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Biodiversity of Trichoderma (Hypocreaceae) in Southern Europe and Macaronesia
Studies in Mycology, 2015Co-Authors: Walter M. Jaklitsch, Hermann VoglmayrAbstract:The first large-scale survey of sexual and asexual Trichoderma morphs collected from plant and fungal materials conducted in Southern Europe and Macaronesia including a few collections from French islands east of Africa yielded more than 650 specimens identified to the species level. Routine sequencing of tef1 revealed a genetic variation among these isolates that exceeds previous experience and ca. 90 species were recognized, of which 74 are named and 17 species newly described. Aphysiostroma stercorarium is combined in Trichoderma. For the first time a sexual morph is described for T. hamatum. The hitherto most complete phylogenetic tree is presented for the entire genus Trichoderma, based on rpb2 sequences. For the first time also a genus-wide phylogenetic tree based on acl1 sequences is shown. Detailed phylogenetic analyses using tef1 sequences are presented in four separate trees representing major clades of Trichoderma. Discussions involve species composition of clades and ecological and biogeographic considerations including distribution of species.
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The rise and fall of Sarawakus (Hypocreaceae, Ascomycota).
Mycologia, 2014Co-Authors: Walter M. Jaklitsch, Christian Lechat, Hermann VoglmayrAbstract:Species of Sarawakus are rarely encountered. Their teleomorphs resemble sexual stages of Trichoderma, formerly called Hypocrea, but differ from that genus by unicellular ascospores. The two green-s...
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New combinations in Trichoderma (Hypocreaceae, Hypocreales).
Mycotaxon, 2013Co-Authors: Walter M. Jaklitsch, Hermann VoglmayrAbstract:: Unitary nomenclature demands the use of a single name for pleomorphic fungi determined according to priority. For this reason combinations in Trichoderma are here provided for 46 species for which such a combination is lacking. Although many more such species are known, only those are included here that are dealt with in more recent papers and where some DNA data are available in GenBank, even if erroneous; for other species it is strongly recommended to consult databases like Index Fungorum or MycoBank. Information on types is provided for most species, and representative cultures, GenBank accessions for tef1 and rpb2, and important references are given for all species.
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Blue pigment in Hypocrea caerulescens sp. nov. and two additional new species in sect. Trichoderma
Mycologia, 2012Co-Authors: Walter M. Jaklitsch, Marc Stadler, Hermann VoglmayrAbstract:Three new species of Hypocrea/Trichoderma sect. Trichoderma (Hypocreaceae, Hypocreales, Ascomycota, Fungi) are described from recent collections in southern Europe and the Canary Islands. They have been characterized by morphological and molecular methods, including microscopic examination of the teleomorph in thin sections, the anamorph, growth rate experiments and phylogenetic analyses based on a part of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha encoding gene (tef1) containing the two last introns and a part of the rpb2 gene, encoding the second largest RNA polymerase subunit. Analyses involving tef1 did not unequivocally resolve the sister clade relationship of Hypocrea caerulescens relative to the Koningii and Viride clades, while analyses based on rpb2 clearly suggest a close relationship with the former, although the phenotype of H. caerulescens is similar to H. viridescens, particularly by its warted conidia and a coconut-like odor in CMD culture. Hypocrea hispanica and T. samuelsii however are cle...
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Short title: Hypocrea caerulescens, H. hispanica, T. samuelsii spp. nov. Blue pigment in Hypocrea caerulescens sp. nov. and two additional new species in sect. Trichoderma
2012Co-Authors: Walter M. JaklitschAbstract:Three new species of Hypocrea/Trichoderma sect. Trichoderma (Hypocreaceae, Hypocreales, Ascomycota, Fungi) are described from recent collections in southern Europe and the Canary Islands. They have been characterized by morphological and molecular methods, including microscopic examination of the teleomorph in thin sections, the anamorph, growth rate experiments and phylogenetic analyses based on a part of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha encoding gene (tef1) containing the two last introns and a part of the rpb2 gene, encoding the second largest RNA polymerase subunit. Analyses involving tef1 did not unequivocally resolve the sister clade relationship of Hypocrea caerulescens relative to the Koningii and Viride clades, while analyses based on rpb2 clearly suggest a close relationship with the former, although the phenotype of H. caerulescens is similar to H. viridescens, particularly by its warted conidia and a coconut-like odor in CMD culture. Hypocrea hispanica and T. samuelsii however are clearly related to the Viride clade by both phylogenetic markers, despite their morphological similarity to H. koningii and its
Hermann Voglmayr - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Biodiversity of Trichoderma (Hypocreaceae) in Southern Europe and Macaronesia
Studies in Mycology, 2015Co-Authors: Walter M. Jaklitsch, Hermann VoglmayrAbstract:The first large-scale survey of sexual and asexual Trichoderma morphs collected from plant and fungal materials conducted in Southern Europe and Macaronesia including a few collections from French islands east of Africa yielded more than 650 specimens identified to the species level. Routine sequencing of tef1 revealed a genetic variation among these isolates that exceeds previous experience and ca. 90 species were recognized, of which 74 are named and 17 species newly described. Aphysiostroma stercorarium is combined in Trichoderma. For the first time a sexual morph is described for T. hamatum. The hitherto most complete phylogenetic tree is presented for the entire genus Trichoderma, based on rpb2 sequences. For the first time also a genus-wide phylogenetic tree based on acl1 sequences is shown. Detailed phylogenetic analyses using tef1 sequences are presented in four separate trees representing major clades of Trichoderma. Discussions involve species composition of clades and ecological and biogeographic considerations including distribution of species.
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The rise and fall of Sarawakus (Hypocreaceae, Ascomycota).
Mycologia, 2014Co-Authors: Walter M. Jaklitsch, Christian Lechat, Hermann VoglmayrAbstract:Species of Sarawakus are rarely encountered. Their teleomorphs resemble sexual stages of Trichoderma, formerly called Hypocrea, but differ from that genus by unicellular ascospores. The two green-s...
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New combinations in Trichoderma (Hypocreaceae, Hypocreales).
Mycotaxon, 2013Co-Authors: Walter M. Jaklitsch, Hermann VoglmayrAbstract:: Unitary nomenclature demands the use of a single name for pleomorphic fungi determined according to priority. For this reason combinations in Trichoderma are here provided for 46 species for which such a combination is lacking. Although many more such species are known, only those are included here that are dealt with in more recent papers and where some DNA data are available in GenBank, even if erroneous; for other species it is strongly recommended to consult databases like Index Fungorum or MycoBank. Information on types is provided for most species, and representative cultures, GenBank accessions for tef1 and rpb2, and important references are given for all species.
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Blue pigment in Hypocrea caerulescens sp. nov. and two additional new species in sect. Trichoderma
Mycologia, 2012Co-Authors: Walter M. Jaklitsch, Marc Stadler, Hermann VoglmayrAbstract:Three new species of Hypocrea/Trichoderma sect. Trichoderma (Hypocreaceae, Hypocreales, Ascomycota, Fungi) are described from recent collections in southern Europe and the Canary Islands. They have been characterized by morphological and molecular methods, including microscopic examination of the teleomorph in thin sections, the anamorph, growth rate experiments and phylogenetic analyses based on a part of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha encoding gene (tef1) containing the two last introns and a part of the rpb2 gene, encoding the second largest RNA polymerase subunit. Analyses involving tef1 did not unequivocally resolve the sister clade relationship of Hypocrea caerulescens relative to the Koningii and Viride clades, while analyses based on rpb2 clearly suggest a close relationship with the former, although the phenotype of H. caerulescens is similar to H. viridescens, particularly by its warted conidia and a coconut-like odor in CMD culture. Hypocrea hispanica and T. samuelsii however are cle...
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Stromatonectria gen. nov. and notes on Myrmaeciella.
Mycologia, 2011Co-Authors: Walter M. Jaklitsch, Hermann VoglmayrAbstract:Myrmaeciella caraganae was recollected in and around Vienna, Austria and found to be morphologically different generically from the type species of Myrmaeciella, M. endoleuca. We redescribe M. caraganae in the new genus Stromatonectria. Phylogenetic analyses of LSU sequences place the genus in the Bionectriaceae, Hypocreales. S. caraga- nae occurs on branches of Caragana spp., Colutea arborescens and Laburnum anagyroides of the Faba- ceae. It is characterized by spheroid perithecia partly or entirely immersed in a Hypocrea-like stroma, a Nectria-like centrum and bicellular hyaline asco- spores. Conidia of S. caraganae are produced in compound pycnidia that are formed prior to or in association with perithecia. Sporodochia but no pycnidia are formed in culture. We discuss the genus Myrmaeciella and compare S. caraganae with species of the Nectriaceae, including Nectria balansae, N. eustromatica and N. paraguayensis. Hohnel (1905) combined two other fungi, Hypocrea euphorbiae Pat. and Hypocreopsis moriformis Starback in Myrmaeciella ,a sM. euphorbiae (Pat.) Hohn. and M. moriformis (Starback) Hohn. With M. hohneliana Rick the genus eventually contained five species. In his description of M. caraganae (Hohnel 1905, p 54), Hohnel recognized the absence of paraphyses, but in his key to the genera of the Hypocreaceae (1905, p 97) he listed the presence of paraphyses as an important criterion of the genus. Later Hohnel (Hohnel and Weese 1910, Hohnel 1912, p 379) recognized synonymy of Myrmaeciella moriformis with Nectria paraguayensis and transferred this taxon and M. caraganae to Endothia Fr., a genus that he classified within the Hypocreaceae. He also treated Valsonectria Speg. as a synonym of Endothia (Hohnel 1905, p 55; 1909, p 19). Samuels and Brayford (1994, p 132) confirmed synonymy of H. moriformis and N. para- guayensis, a fungus occurring on bark of Celtis in temperate South America, but they accepted it as a species of Nectria. This paper serves to redescribe M. caraganae, to clarify its taxonomic and phylogenetic position and to elucidate relationships to similar fungi.