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Dominique Votion - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Potential new sources of Hypoglycin A poisoning for equids kept at pasture in spring: a field pilot study
Veterinary Record, 2019Co-Authors: Dominique Votion, Jean Adelite Habyarimana, Marie-louise Scippo, Eric Richard, Christel Marcillaud-pitel, Michel Erpicum, Pascal GustinAbstract:Equine atypical myopathy in Europe results from Hypoglycin A (HGA) exposure through the ingestion of samaras or seedlings of the sycamore maple tree. This pilot study aimed at better defining sources of HGA intoxication in spring. Samaras fallen on the ground and then seedlings were collected at two-week intervals from sycamore, Norway, and field maple trees over the spring 2016. In early April, rainwater from wet seedlings collected after a rainy night was harvested to be analysed. Mid-May, samaras of the box elder, common ash, and inflorescences of sycamore maples were collected on the tree. Quantification of HGA in samples was performed using high performance thin layer chromatography. Hypoglycin A was detected in all samples from sycamore including rainwater but tested negative for Norway, field maples. The samaras of the box elder found in the present study area did not contain a seed within their husk and thus tested negative. From the maximum HGA concentrations found, it may be extrapolated that at some periods and locations, about 20 g of samaras, 50 seedlings, 150 g of inforescences or 2 liters of water that has been in contact with seedlings would contain the maximum tolerated dose per day for a horse.
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Acylcarnitines profile best predicts survival in horses with atypical myopathy - Fig 1
2017Co-Authors: Francois Boemer, Eric Richard, Christel Marcillaud-pitel, Helene Amory, Laurence Lefere, Gaby Van Galen, Johann Detilleux, Christophe Cello, Gunther Van Loon, Dominique VotionAbstract:Box plot of (a) Hypoglycin A, (b) C2-Carnitine; (c) C10:2-Carnitine, and (d) C18-Carnitine concentrations in sera of atypical myopathy horses among them 11 survived and 40 deceased (Hypoglycin A was only measured on 9 survivors and 22 deceased horses). Comments: The central box represents the values from the lower to upper quartile (25 to 75 percentile). The middle line represents the median. A line extends from the minimum to the maximum value, excluding “outside” values (value that is smaller/higher than the lower/upper quartile ± 1.5 times the interquartile range) or “far out” values (value that is smaller/higher than the lower/upper quartile ± 3 times the interquartile range) which are displayed as separate points or red marks, respectively.
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Analysing Hypoglycin A, methylenecyclopropylacetic acid conjugates and acylcarnitines in blood to confirm the diagnosis and improve our understanding of atypical myopathy
Equine Veterinary Education, 2016Co-Authors: Dominique VotionAbstract:Summary Owing to recent methodological validation studies, we have now the opportunity to determine Hypoglycin A, methylenecyclopropylacetic acid–carnitine and acylcarnitines concentrations in equine serum. These analytes are essential to confirm the diagnosis of atypical myopathy but also to improve our understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease. In particular, they might help elucidate why some horses seem more resistant to Hypoglycin A poisoning.
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samaras and seedlings of acer pseudoplatanus are potential sources of Hypoglycin a intoxication in atypical myopathy without necessarily inducing clinical signs
Equine Veterinary Journal, 2016Co-Authors: Etienne Baise, Jean Adelite Habyarimana, Pascal Gustin, Helene Amory, Francois Boemer, Caroline Douny, Christel Marcillaudpitel, Florence Patarin, Mireille Weber, Dominique VotionAbstract:Summary Reasons for performing study Ingestion of sycamore seeds (Acer pseudoplatanus) is the likely source of Hypoglycin A in atypical myopathy (AM) but ingestion of seedlings in spring might also contribute to intoxication. Objectives To test for Hypoglycin A in seeds and seedlings collected on pastures where AM cases were reported and compare its concentration in serum of affected and healthy horses. Study design Field investigation of clinical cases. Methods Whenever present, samaras (the winged nuts that each contain one seed) and/or seedlings were collected from pastures of 8 AM cases and 5 unaffected horses from different premises. Two AM cases were each co-grazing with an apparently healthy horse. Acylcarnitines and Hypoglycin A were quantified in blood samples of all horses involved in the study. Results Hypoglycin A was detected in serum of AM (5.47 ± 1.60 μmol/l) but not in healthy controls pasturing where A. pseudoplatanus trees were not present. However, Hypoglycin A was detected at high concentrations (7.98 μmol/l) in serum of a clinically healthy horse grazing a pasture with seedlings and samaras and also in the 2 healthy horses co-grazing with AM cases (0.43 ± 0.59 μmol/l). Hypoglycin A was detected in all samples of seeds and spring seedlings of A. pseudoplatanus. Conclusions Atypical myopathy can be associated with the ingestion of sycamore samaras and also ingestion of seedlings. Hypoglycin A can be detected in the blood of horses with no detectable clinical signs at pasture in which there is A. pseudoplatanus. Determination of Hypoglycin A concentration in blood is useful for screening for exposure in suspected cases of AM.
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detection of Hypoglycin a in the seeds of sycamore acer pseudoplatanus and box elder a negundo in new zealand the toxin associated with cases of equine atypical myopathy
New Zealand Veterinary Journal, 2016Co-Authors: R K Mckenzie, Francois Boemer, Jean Adelite Habyarimana, F I Hill, Dominique VotionAbstract:AbstractCASE HISTORY AND CLINICAL FINDINGS: During April and May 2014 four horses aged between 5 months and 9 years, located in the Canterbury, Marlborough and Southland regions, presented with a variety of clinical signs including recumbency, stiffness, lethargy, dehydration, depression, and myoglobinuria suggestive of acute muscle damage. Two horses were subjected to euthanasia and two recovered. In all cases seeds of sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus) or box elder (A. negundo) were present in the area where the horse had been grazing.LABORATORY INVESTIGATION: The samaras (seeds) of some Acer spp. may contain Hypoglycin A, that has been associated with cases of atypical myopathy in Europe and North America. To determine if Hypoglycin A is present in the samaras of Acer spp. in New Zealand, samples were collected from trees throughout the country that were associated with historical and/or current cases of atypical myopathy, and analysed for Hypoglycin A. Serum samples from the four cases and four unaf...
Stephanie J Valberg - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Hypoglycin a concentrations in seeds of acer pseudoplatanus trees growing on atypical myopathy affected and control pastures
Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 2014Co-Authors: Lucia Unger, E M Jewitt, Adrian D Hegeman, Larry Sweetman, Anne M. Nicholson, Vinzenz Gerber, Stephanie J ValbergAbstract:BACKGROUND Hypoglycin A, found in seeds of Acer negundo, appears to cause seasonal pasture myopathy (SPM) in North America and is implicated in atypical myopathy (AM) in Europe. Acer negundo is uncommon in Europe. Thus, the potential source of Hypoglycin A in Europe is unknown. HYPOTHESIS AND OBJECTIVES We hypothesized that seeds of Acer pseudoplatanus were the source of Hypoglycin A in Europe. Our objective was to determine the concentration of Hypoglycin A in seeds of A. pseudoplatanus trees located in pastures where previous cases of AM had occurred. ANIMALS None. METHODS University of Berne records were searched to retrospectively identify 6 farms with 10 AM cases and 11 suspected AM deaths between 2007 and 2011. During October 2012, A. pseudoplatanus seeds were collected from 2 to 6 trees per pasture on 6 AM farms (7 pastures) from trees in or close to 2 pastures on 2 control farms where AM had not been previously reported. Hypoglycin A in seeds was analyzed by GC-MS. RESULTS Acer pseudoplatanus trees were identified on all AM pastures. Hypoglycin A was detected in all A. pseudoplatanus seeds in highly variable concentrations ranging from 0.04 to 2.81 μg/mg (mean 0.69) on AM farms and 0.10 to 9.12 μg/mg (mean 1.59) on control farms. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Preventing horses from grazing pastures containing A. pseudoplatanus seeds during late fall and early spring might be the best means to prevent AM.
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Hypoglycin A Concentrations in Seeds of Acer Pseudoplatanus Trees Growing on Atypical Myopathy‐Affected and Control Pastures
Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 2014Co-Authors: Lucia Unger, E M Jewitt, Adrian D Hegeman, Larry Sweetman, Anne M. Nicholson, Vinzenz Gerber, Stephanie J ValbergAbstract:BACKGROUND Hypoglycin A, found in seeds of Acer negundo, appears to cause seasonal pasture myopathy (SPM) in North America and is implicated in atypical myopathy (AM) in Europe. Acer negundo is uncommon in Europe. Thus, the potential source of Hypoglycin A in Europe is unknown. HYPOTHESIS AND OBJECTIVES We hypothesized that seeds of Acer pseudoplatanus were the source of Hypoglycin A in Europe. Our objective was to determine the concentration of Hypoglycin A in seeds of A. pseudoplatanus trees located in pastures where previous cases of AM had occurred. ANIMALS None. METHODS University of Berne records were searched to retrospectively identify 6 farms with 10 AM cases and 11 suspected AM deaths between 2007 and 2011. During October 2012, A. pseudoplatanus seeds were collected from 2 to 6 trees per pasture on 6 AM farms (7 pastures) from trees in or close to 2 pastures on 2 control farms where AM had not been previously reported. Hypoglycin A in seeds was analyzed by GC-MS. RESULTS Acer pseudoplatanus trees were identified on all AM pastures. Hypoglycin A was detected in all A. pseudoplatanus seeds in highly variable concentrations ranging from 0.04 to 2.81 μg/mg (mean 0.69) on AM farms and 0.10 to 9.12 μg/mg (mean 1.59) on control farms. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Preventing horses from grazing pastures containing A. pseudoplatanus seeds during late fall and early spring might be the best means to prevent AM.
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seasonal pasture myopathy atypical myopathy in north america associated with ingestion of Hypoglycin a within seeds of the box elder tree
Equine Veterinary Journal, 2013Co-Authors: Stephanie J Valberg, Adrian D Hegeman, Beatrice T Sponseller, J E Earing, Jeff B Bender, Krishona L Martinson, Steven E Patterson, L SweetmanAbstract:Reasons for performing study We hypothesised that seasonal pasture myopathy (SPM), which closely resembles atypical myopathy (AM), was caused by ingestion of a seed-bearing plant abundant in autumn pastures. Objectives To identify a common seed-bearing plant among autumn pastures of horses with SPM, and to determine whether the toxic amino acid Hypoglycin A was present in the seeds and whether Hypoglycin metabolites were present in SPM horse serum or urine. Methods Twelve SPM cases, 11 SPM pastures and 23 control farms were visited to identify a plant common to all SPM farms in autumn. A common seed was analysed for amino acid composition (n = 7/7) by GC-MS and its toxic metabolite (n = 4/4) identified in conjugated form in serum [tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS)] and urine [gas chromatography (GC) MS]. Serum acylcarnitines and urine organic acid profiles (n = 7) were determined for SPM horses. Results Seeds from box elder trees (Acer negundo) were present on all SPM and 61% of control pastures. Hypoglycin A, known to cause acquired multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MADD), was found in box elder seeds. Serum acylcarnitines and urine organic acid profiles in SPM horses were typical for MADD. The Hypoglycin A metabolite methylenecyclopropylacetic acid (MCPA), known to be toxic in other species, was found in conjugated form in SPM horse serum and urine. Horses with SPM had longer turn-out, more overgrazed pastures, and less supplemental feeding than control horses. Potential relevance For the first time, SPM has been linked to a toxin in seeds abundant on autumn pastures whose identified metabolite, MCPA, is known to cause acquired MADD, the pathological mechanism behind SPM and AM. Further research is required to determine the lethal dose of Hypoglycin A in horses, as well as factors that affect annual seed burden and Hypoglycin A content in Acer species in North America and Europe.
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Seasonal pasture myopathy/atypical myopathy in North America associated with ingestion of Hypoglycin A within seeds of the box elder tree
Equine Veterinary Journal, 2012Co-Authors: Stephanie J Valberg, Adrian D Hegeman, Beatrice T Sponseller, J E Earing, Jeff B Bender, Krishona L Martinson, Steven E Patterson, L SweetmanAbstract:Reasons for performing study We hypothesised that seasonal pasture myopathy (SPM), which closely resembles atypical myopathy (AM), was caused by ingestion of a seed-bearing plant abundant in autumn pastures. Objectives To identify a common seed-bearing plant among autumn pastures of horses with SPM, and to determine whether the toxic amino acid Hypoglycin A was present in the seeds and whether Hypoglycin metabolites were present in SPM horse serum or urine. Methods Twelve SPM cases, 11 SPM pastures and 23 control farms were visited to identify a plant common to all SPM farms in autumn. A common seed was analysed for amino acid composition (n = 7/7) by GC-MS and its toxic metabolite (n = 4/4) identified in conjugated form in serum [tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS)] and urine [gas chromatography (GC) MS]. Serum acylcarnitines and urine organic acid profiles (n = 7) were determined for SPM horses. Results Seeds from box elder trees (Acer negundo) were present on all SPM and 61% of control pastures. Hypoglycin A, known to cause acquired multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MADD), was found in box elder seeds. Serum acylcarnitines and urine organic acid profiles in SPM horses were typical for MADD. The Hypoglycin A metabolite methylenecyclopropylacetic acid (MCPA), known to be toxic in other species, was found in conjugated form in SPM horse serum and urine. Horses with SPM had longer turn-out, more overgrazed pastures, and less supplemental feeding than control horses. Potential relevance For the first time, SPM has been linked to a toxin in seeds abundant on autumn pastures whose identified metabolite, MCPA, is known to cause acquired MADD, the pathological mechanism behind SPM and AM. Further research is required to determine the lethal dose of Hypoglycin A in horses, as well as factors that affect annual seed burden and Hypoglycin A content in Acer species in North America and Europe.
Hans G J Mol - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Hypoglycin A in maple trees in the Netherlands and the risk of equine atypical myopathy
Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 2016Co-Authors: C M Westermann, R Van Leeuwen, Hans G J MolAbstract:The Acer (maple) genus of trees comprises over 120 species worldwide. Some of these contain the plant-toxin Hypoglycin-A which has been proven to be a cause of the highly fatal condition called atypical myopathy (AM) in horses and ponies. In an earlier study of maple-tree samples (leaves and seeds) collected by owners of healthy and AM-affected horses it was shown that the seeds contain significantly more toxin than the leaves. There is a concern as to whether maple trees can be safely retained or planted around paddocks or pastures, and whether there is a difference in toxicity between different species. The aim of the present study was to investigate the amount of toxin in different maple-tree species present in The Netherlands. The seeds of 20 different tree-species of the ‘Acer’ genus, present in the arboretum in Wageningen, The Netherlands, were analysed for Hypoglycin-A; 8 species belonged to the ‘Platanoidea’ subgenus (section), 7 to the ‘Acer’, 3 to the ‘Palmata’ and 2 to the ‘Negundo’ subgenera. Assay was carried out using a newly validated method based on liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Seeds of the maple trees belonging to the ‘Platanoidea’ contained no Hypoglycin-A. The seeds of species belonging to the ‘Acer’, ‘Palmata’ and ‘Negundo’ subgenera however contained 96– 1744 mg/kg, 4–32 mg/kg and 3–444 mg/kg of the toxin respectively. These results indicate that the precise tree species is an important aspect when giving advice regarding the toxicity of maple trees and the consequent risk for horses.
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Hypoglycin a concentrations in maple tree species in the netherlands and the occurrence of atypical myopathy in horses
Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 2016Co-Authors: C M Westermann, R Van Leeuwen, L W D Van Raamsdonk, Hans G J MolAbstract:BACKGROUND: Atypical myopathy (AM) in horses is caused by the plant toxin Hypoglycin A, which in Europe typically is found in the sycamore maple tree (Acer pseudoplatanus). Owners are concerned about whether their horses are in danger if they graze near maple trees. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES: To measure Hypoglycin A in the most common maple tree species in the Netherlands, and to determine whether concentration of toxin is a predictor of AM in horses. METHODS: A total of 278 samples of maple tree leaves, sprouts, and seeds were classified by species. Mean concentrations of Hypoglycin A were compared for the type of sample, the season and the occurrence of AM in the pasture (non-AM versus AM). Statistical analysis was performed using generalized a linear model (SPPS22). RESULTS: Almost all Acer pseudoplatanus samples contained Hypoglycin A, with concentrations differing significantly among sources (P < .001). Concentrations were significantly higher in seeds from the AM group than in seeds from the non-AM group (856 ± 677 and 456 ± 358 mg/kg, respectively; P = .039). In sprouts and leaves this was not the case. Acer platanoides and Acer campestre samples did not contain detectable concentrations of Hypoglycin A. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Acer platanoides and campestre seem to be safe around paddocks and pastures, whereas almost all Acer pseudoplatanus samples contained Hypoglycin A. In all AM cases, Acer pseudoplatanus was found. Despite significantly higher concentration of Hypoglycin A in seeds of pastures where AM has occurred, individual prediction of AM cannot be made by measuring these concentrations because of the high standard deviation.
Votion Dominique - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Potential new sources of Hypoglycin A poisoning for equids kept at pasture in spring: a field pilot study
'BMJ', 2019Co-Authors: Votion Dominique, Marcillaud-pitel Christel, Habyarimana, Jean Adelite, Scippo Marie-louise, Richard Eric, Erpicum Michel, Gustin PascalAbstract:International audienceEquine atypical myopathy in Europe results from Hypoglycin A (HGA) exposure through the ingestion of samaras or seedlings of the sycamore maple tree. This pilot study aimed at better defining sources of HGA intoxication in spring. Samaras fallen on the ground and then seedlings were collected at two-week intervals from sycamore, Norway, and field maple trees over the spring 2016. In early April, rainwater from wet seedlings collected after a rainy night was harvested to be analysed. Mid-May, samaras of the box elder, common ash, and inflorescences of sycamore maples were collected on the tree. Quantification of HGA in samples was performed using high performance thin layer chromatography. Hypoglycin A was detected in all samples from sycamore including rainwater but tested negative for Norway, field maples. The samaras of the box elder found in the present study area did not contain a seed within their husk and thus tested negative. From the maximum HGA concentrations found, it may be extrapolated that at some periods and locations, about 20 g of samaras, 50 seedlings, 150 g of inforescences or 2 liters of water that has been in contact with seedlings would contain the maximum tolerated dose per day for a horse
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Hypoglycin-A intoxication by sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus) in zoo animals - a rising danger
2019Co-Authors: Bunert Carolin, Grund Lisa, Ziemssen Eva, Gregersen H, Renaud Benoît, Kruse Caroline, Votion DominiqueAbstract:Atypische Weidemyopathie ist eine bei Equiden bekannte Erkrankung, die durch die Aufnahme von toxinhaltigen Anteilen des Bergahorns (Acer pseudoplatanus) ausgelöst wird. Das Toxin Hypoglycin A ist in den Samen und Sämlingen von Bergahorn-Pflanzen in besonders hoher Konzentration enthalten; entsprechend tritt die Erkrankung vor allem im Herbst und im Frühling auf, wenn die jeweiligen Pflanzenteile für Tiere erreichbar sind. Hypoglycin A wird zu MCPA-CoA metabolisiert, welches die Fettsäureoxidation in den Mitochondrien hemmt. In der Folge kommt es zu Energiemangel in lebenswichtigen Organen (Herz, Hirn, Atemmuskulatur) und einer massiven Rhabdomyolyse. Erkrankte Pferde zeigen Steifheit, Schwäche und Myoglobinurie, die Mortalitätsrate liegt bei 70-90%.
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Myopathie atypique chez le cerf du père David (Elaphurus davidianus) associée à l'ingestion d'Hypoglycine A
'Oxford University Press (OUP)', 2018Co-Authors: Burnet C., Boemer François, Votion Dominique, Langer S., Müller A., Ternes K., Liesegang A.Abstract:peer reviewedaudience: researcher, professional, student, popularizationFrom 2004 until 2016, 21 Père David’s deer (Elaphurus davidianus) have died for unknown reason at Zoo Duisburg. Hypoglycin A and MCPA-carnitine were found in the blood of Père David’s deer and thus, Hypoglycin A intoxication was considered to be a poten-tial cause for the myopathies by ingestion of sycamore maple samaras that were present in the enclosure of the affected animals
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Myopathie atypique chez le cerf du père David (Elaphurus davidianus) associée à l'ingestion d'Hypoglycine A
'Oxford University Press (OUP)', 2018Co-Authors: Burnet C., Boemer François, Votion Dominique, Langer S., Müller A., Ternes K., Liesegang A.Abstract:From 2004 until 2016, 21 Père David’s deer (Elaphurus davidianus) have died for unknown reason at Zoo Duisburg. Hypoglycin A and MCPA-carnitine were found in the blood of Père David’s deer and thus, Hypoglycin A intoxication was considered to be a poten-tial cause for the myopathies by ingestion of sycamore maple samaras that were present in the enclosure of the affected animals.Peer reviewe
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Analysing Hypoglycin A, methylenecyclopropylacetic acid conjugates and acylcarnitines in blood to confirm the diagnosis and improve our understanding of atypical myopathy
'Wiley', 2016Co-Authors: Votion DominiqueAbstract:peer reviewedaudience: researcher, professional, studentOwing to recent methodological validation studies, we have now the opportunity to determine Hypoglycin A, methylenecyclopropylacetic acid–carnitine and acylcarnitines concentrations in equine serum. These analytes are essential to confirm the diagnosis of atypical myopathy but also to improve our understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease. In particular, they might help elucidate why some horses seem more resistant to Hypoglycin A poisoning
C M Westermann - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Hypoglycin A in maple trees in the Netherlands and the risk of equine atypical myopathy
Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 2016Co-Authors: C M Westermann, R Van Leeuwen, Hans G J MolAbstract:The Acer (maple) genus of trees comprises over 120 species worldwide. Some of these contain the plant-toxin Hypoglycin-A which has been proven to be a cause of the highly fatal condition called atypical myopathy (AM) in horses and ponies. In an earlier study of maple-tree samples (leaves and seeds) collected by owners of healthy and AM-affected horses it was shown that the seeds contain significantly more toxin than the leaves. There is a concern as to whether maple trees can be safely retained or planted around paddocks or pastures, and whether there is a difference in toxicity between different species. The aim of the present study was to investigate the amount of toxin in different maple-tree species present in The Netherlands. The seeds of 20 different tree-species of the ‘Acer’ genus, present in the arboretum in Wageningen, The Netherlands, were analysed for Hypoglycin-A; 8 species belonged to the ‘Platanoidea’ subgenus (section), 7 to the ‘Acer’, 3 to the ‘Palmata’ and 2 to the ‘Negundo’ subgenera. Assay was carried out using a newly validated method based on liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Seeds of the maple trees belonging to the ‘Platanoidea’ contained no Hypoglycin-A. The seeds of species belonging to the ‘Acer’, ‘Palmata’ and ‘Negundo’ subgenera however contained 96– 1744 mg/kg, 4–32 mg/kg and 3–444 mg/kg of the toxin respectively. These results indicate that the precise tree species is an important aspect when giving advice regarding the toxicity of maple trees and the consequent risk for horses.
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Hypoglycin a concentrations in maple tree species in the netherlands and the occurrence of atypical myopathy in horses
Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 2016Co-Authors: C M Westermann, R Van Leeuwen, L W D Van Raamsdonk, Hans G J MolAbstract:BACKGROUND: Atypical myopathy (AM) in horses is caused by the plant toxin Hypoglycin A, which in Europe typically is found in the sycamore maple tree (Acer pseudoplatanus). Owners are concerned about whether their horses are in danger if they graze near maple trees. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES: To measure Hypoglycin A in the most common maple tree species in the Netherlands, and to determine whether concentration of toxin is a predictor of AM in horses. METHODS: A total of 278 samples of maple tree leaves, sprouts, and seeds were classified by species. Mean concentrations of Hypoglycin A were compared for the type of sample, the season and the occurrence of AM in the pasture (non-AM versus AM). Statistical analysis was performed using generalized a linear model (SPPS22). RESULTS: Almost all Acer pseudoplatanus samples contained Hypoglycin A, with concentrations differing significantly among sources (P < .001). Concentrations were significantly higher in seeds from the AM group than in seeds from the non-AM group (856 ± 677 and 456 ± 358 mg/kg, respectively; P = .039). In sprouts and leaves this was not the case. Acer platanoides and Acer campestre samples did not contain detectable concentrations of Hypoglycin A. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Acer platanoides and campestre seem to be safe around paddocks and pastures, whereas almost all Acer pseudoplatanus samples contained Hypoglycin A. In all AM cases, Acer pseudoplatanus was found. Despite significantly higher concentration of Hypoglycin A in seeds of pastures where AM has occurred, individual prediction of AM cannot be made by measuring these concentrations because of the high standard deviation.