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Kadri Põldmaa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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available online at www.studiesinmycology.org Studies in Mycology 68: 1–34. 2011. doi:10.3114/sim.2011.68.01 Tropical species of Cladobotryum and Hypomyces producing red pigments
2013Co-Authors: Kadri PõldmaaAbstract:Abstract: Twelve species of Hypomyces/Cladobotryum producing red pigments are reported growing in various tropical areas of the world. Ten of these are described as new, including teleomorphs for two previously known anamorphic species. In two species the teleomorph has been found in nature and in three others it was obtained in culture; only anamorphs are known for the rest. None of the studied tropical collections belongs to the common temperate species H. rosellus and H. odoratus to which the tropical teleomorphic collections had previously been assigned. Instead, taxa encountered in the tropics are genetically and morphologically distinct from the nine species of Hypomyces/Cladobotryum producing red pigments known from temperate regions. Besides observed host preferences, anamorphs of several species can spread fast on soft ephemeral agaricoid basidiomata but the slower developing teleomorphs are mostly found on polyporoid basidiomata or bark. While a majority of previous records from the tropics involve collections from Central America, this paper also reports the diversity of these fungi in the Paleotropics. Africa appears to hold a variety of taxa as five of the new species include material collected in scattered localities of this mostly unexplored continent. In examining distribution patterns, most of the taxa do not appear to be pantropical. Some species are known only from the Western Hemisphere, while others have a geographic range from southeastern Asia to Africa or Australia. The use of various morphological characters of anamorphs and teleomorphs as well as culture characteristics in species delimitation is evaluated. For detecting genetic segregation, partial sequences of the two largest subunits of the ribosomal polymerase perform the best in terms of providing informative sites and the number of well-supported groups recognised in the phylogenies. These are followed by the sequence data of the translation-elongation factor 1-alpha, while the ribosomal DNA ITS regions are of only limite
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diversity host associations and phylogeography of temperate aurofusarin producing Hypomyces cladobotryum including causal agents of cobweb disease of cultivated mushrooms
Fungal Biology, 2013Co-Authors: Heidi Tamm, Kadri PõldmaaAbstract:Temperate species of Hypomyces and Cladobotryum that produce the red pigment aurofusarin are common on agaricoid and polyporoid basidiomata of species from five orders of Agaricomycetes. Several cause cobweb disease of commercially cultivated mushrooms resulting in serious losses. We sequenced rpb1, rpb2, tef1, and FG1093 regions in 90 wild strains and 30 strains from mushroom farms, isolated from Europe, North America, Africa, Asia, Australia, and New Zealand. Multigene analyses support the distinctness of five species but reveal Hypomyces rosellus to be paraphyletic, comprising several cryptic lineages. Hypomyces rosellus s. str. is characterised by wide dispersal and gene flow across Eurasia but does not occur in North America. Instead, the lineages from the West and the East Coast appear distinct, having given rise to species inhabiting the Southern Hemisphere. Our results reveal wide misuse of the name H. rosellus, especially for cobweb isolates. The majority of these belong to Hypomyces odoratus, including a weakly supported group of fungicide-resistant strains from Europe and North America sharing identical sequence data. New collections are presented for Cladobotryum rubrobrunnescens and Cladobotryum tenue as well as Cladobotryum multiseptatum and Hypomyces dactylarioides, all previously known only from their type material. The former species pair occurs in Europe and the latter in Australia and New Zealand. Separate lineages appear to be maintained by geographic isolation in North America and temperate Australasia but by host specialisation in the species occurring sympatrically in Europe and Asia. Both specialist and generalist host use strategies have evolved in the group. Although teleomorphs are known in most of the species and unnamed lineages, analyses of the five-gene regions suggest the prevalence of clonal reproduction in H. odoratus. This can be the reason for its success in mushroom farms, also facilitating the spread of fungicide resistance. While tef1 and rpb2 can be recommended for species delimitation, low variation, not exceeding 1 % in the whole ingroup, impeaches the use of ITS as a barcoding gene region in this group of fungi.
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Diversity, host associations, and phylogeography of temperate aurofusarin-producing Hypomyces/Cladobotryum including causal agents of cobweb disease of cultivated mushrooms.
Fungal biology, 2013Co-Authors: Heidi Tamm, Kadri PõldmaaAbstract:Temperate species of Hypomyces and Cladobotryum that produce the red pigment aurofusarin are common on agaricoid and polyporoid basidiomata of species from five orders of Agaricomycetes. Several cause cobweb disease of commercially cultivated mushrooms resulting in serious losses. We sequenced rpb1, rpb2, tef1, and FG1093 regions in 90 wild strains and 30 strains from mushroom farms, isolated from Europe, North America, Africa, Asia, Australia, and New Zealand. Multigene analyses support the distinctness of five species but reveal Hypomyces rosellus to be paraphyletic, comprising several cryptic lineages. Hypomyces rosellus s. str. is characterised by wide dispersal and gene flow across Eurasia but does not occur in North America. Instead, the lineages from the West and the East Coast appear distinct, having given rise to species inhabiting the Southern Hemisphere. Our results reveal wide misuse of the name H. rosellus, especially for cobweb isolates. The majority of these belong to Hypomyces odoratus, including a weakly supported group of fungicide-resistant strains from Europe and North America sharing identical sequence data. New collections are presented for Cladobotryum rubrobrunnescens and Cladobotryum tenue as well as Cladobotryum multiseptatum and Hypomyces dactylarioides, all previously known only from their type material. The former species pair occurs in Europe and the latter in Australia and New Zealand. Separate lineages appear to be maintained by geographic isolation in North America and temperate Australasia but by host specialisation in the species occurring sympatrically in Europe and Asia. Both specialist and generalist host use strategies have evolved in the group. Although teleomorphs are known in most of the species and unnamed lineages, analyses of the five-gene regions suggest the prevalence of clonal reproduction in H. odoratus. This can be the reason for its success in mushroom farms, also facilitating the spread of fungicide resistance. While tef1 and rpb2 can be recommended for species delimitation, low variation, not exceeding 1 % in the whole ingroup, impeaches the use of ITS as a barcoding gene region in this group of fungi.
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Tropical species of Cladobotryum and Hypomyces producing red pigments
Studies in mycology, 2011Co-Authors: Kadri PõldmaaAbstract:Twelve species of Hypomyces/Cladobotryum producing red pigments are reported growing in various tropical areas of the world. Ten of these are described as new, including teleomorphs for two previously known anamorphic species. In two species the teleomorph has been found in nature and in three others it was obtained in culture; only anamorphs are known for the rest. None of the studied tropical collections belongs to the common temperate species H. rosellus and H. odoratus to which the tropical teleomorphic collections had previously been assigned. Instead, taxa encountered in the tropics are genetically and morphologically distinct from the nine species of Hypomyces/Cladobotryum producing red pigments known from temperate regions. Besides observed host preferences, anamorphs of several species can spread fast on soft ephemeral agaricoid basidiomata but the slower developing teleomorphs are mostly found on polyporoid basidiomata or bark. While a majority of previous records from the tropics involve collections from Central America, this paper also reports the diversity of these fungi in the Paleotropics. Africa appears to hold a variety of taxa as five of the new species include material collected in scattered localities of this mostly unexplored continent. In examining distribution patterns, most of the taxa do not appear to be pantropical. Some species are known only from the Western Hemisphere, while others have a geographic range from southeastern Asia to Africa or Australia. The use of various morphological characters of anamorphs and teleomorphs as well as culture characteristics in species delimitation is evaluated. For detecting genetic segregation, partial sequences of the two largest subunits of the ribosomal polymerase perform the best in terms of providing informative sites and the number of well-supported groups recognised in the phylogenies. These are followed by the sequence data of the translation-elongation factor 1-alpha, while the ribosomal DNA ITS regions are of only limited use in distinguishing species and their phylogenetic relationships.
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Three species of Hypomyces growing on basidiomata of Stereaceae.
Mycologia, 2003Co-Authors: Kadri PõldmaaAbstract:Of the eight species of Hypomyces that occur on basidiomata of Stereum species, only H. sympodiophorus grows exclusively on members of this genus. Morphologically similar fungi were found on species of Xylobolus, a genus closely related to Stereum. These are described as two new species of Hypomyces: H. thailandicus, collected on Xylobolus cf. illudens in Thailand; and H. xyloboli, on X. frustulatus and X. subpileatus in the eastern United States. These three species are unusual in Hypomyces because of their almost indistinguishable anamorphs. In parsimony analysis of LSU nuclear rDNA sequences, the three species growing only on Stereaceae do not form a monophyletic group but their constrained monophyly is not rejected either. A morphologically similar anamorphic species, Sibirina gamsii, included in the study, is transferred to the genus Cladobotryum.
Gary J. Samuels - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Aphyllophoricolous species of Hypomyces with KOH-negative perithecia
Mycologia, 1999Co-Authors: Kadri Põldmaa, Gary J. SamuelsAbstract:The aphyllophoricolous species of Hypo- myces that have pallid, KOH-negative perithecia and Cladobotryum anamorphs form the biggest subset within the genus. Twelve holomorphic members and one asexual member of this group that occur in tem- perate regions of the northern hemisphere are dis- cussed. Several new European collections are report- ed for H. albidus, H. orthosporus, H. polyporinus and H. semitranslucens. Hypomyces pseudopolyporinus, H. sympodiophorus and H. viridigriseus are presented from Europe for the first time. Two new species, H. corticiicola and H. rostratus, are described from Eu- rope. Cladobotryum stereicola, for which no teleo- morph is known, is not the anamorph of H. sympo- diophorus, as has been reported. The new combina- tion Cladobotryum uniseptatum is proposed for the anamorph of H. sympodiophorus. A previously un- known Cladobotryum anamorph is found associated with the teleomorph of H. tegillum in herbarium ma- terial from Central and South America. Hypomyces si- birinae, previously known only from its type location in Indonesia, is reported from North America. The role of anamorphic vs. teleomorphic characters and the use of ascospore measurements in delimitation of species and identification of specimens is discussed in the group of KOH- aphyllophoricolous Hypomyces.
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Agaricicolous species of Hypomyces
Mycologia, 1994Co-Authors: Clark T. Rogerson, Gary J. SamuelsAbstract:Thirteen species of Hypomyces occur on gilled fungi. Most are found on members of the Russulaceae; other hosts include Amanita spp., Crepidotus spp., Leptonia strigosissima, and Pholiota sp. Anamor...
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New species of Hypocreales (Fungi, Ascomycetes)
Brittonia, 1992Co-Authors: Clark T. Rogerson, Gary J. SamuelsAbstract:The new ascomycetes Hypomyces succineus, Podostroma eperuae, and Nectria phialotrichi are proposed. Hypomyces succineus occurs on basidiomata of Pholiota sp. in New York; its anamorph is described as the new species Cladobotryum succineum. Podostroma eperuae occurs on decaying pods of a species of Eperua found in French Guiana and Guyana. Its anamorph is unknown. Nectria phialotrichi occurs on perithecia of Nectria sp. and bark in Guyana; its anamorph is referred to the anamorph genus Onychophora.
Hugo Germain - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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DNA distribution pattern and metabolite profile of wild edible lobster mushroom (Hypomyces lactifluorum/Russula brevipes)
Genome, 2018Co-Authors: Genevieve Laperriere, Isabel Desgagné-penix, Hugo GermainAbstract:Lobster mushroom is a wild edible mushroom with potential commercial value. It is the product resulting of the infection, most commonly of Russula brevipes, by Hypomyces lactifluorum. This study un...
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dna distribution pattern and metabolite profile of wild edible lobster mushroom Hypomyces lactifluorum russula brevipes
Genome, 2018Co-Authors: Genevieve Laperriere, Isabel Desgagnepenix, Hugo GermainAbstract:Lobster mushroom is a wild edible mushroom with potential commercial value. It is the product resulting of the infection, most commonly of Russula brevipes, by Hypomyces lactifluorum. This study un...
Heidi Tamm - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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diversity host associations and phylogeography of temperate aurofusarin producing Hypomyces cladobotryum including causal agents of cobweb disease of cultivated mushrooms
Fungal Biology, 2013Co-Authors: Heidi Tamm, Kadri PõldmaaAbstract:Temperate species of Hypomyces and Cladobotryum that produce the red pigment aurofusarin are common on agaricoid and polyporoid basidiomata of species from five orders of Agaricomycetes. Several cause cobweb disease of commercially cultivated mushrooms resulting in serious losses. We sequenced rpb1, rpb2, tef1, and FG1093 regions in 90 wild strains and 30 strains from mushroom farms, isolated from Europe, North America, Africa, Asia, Australia, and New Zealand. Multigene analyses support the distinctness of five species but reveal Hypomyces rosellus to be paraphyletic, comprising several cryptic lineages. Hypomyces rosellus s. str. is characterised by wide dispersal and gene flow across Eurasia but does not occur in North America. Instead, the lineages from the West and the East Coast appear distinct, having given rise to species inhabiting the Southern Hemisphere. Our results reveal wide misuse of the name H. rosellus, especially for cobweb isolates. The majority of these belong to Hypomyces odoratus, including a weakly supported group of fungicide-resistant strains from Europe and North America sharing identical sequence data. New collections are presented for Cladobotryum rubrobrunnescens and Cladobotryum tenue as well as Cladobotryum multiseptatum and Hypomyces dactylarioides, all previously known only from their type material. The former species pair occurs in Europe and the latter in Australia and New Zealand. Separate lineages appear to be maintained by geographic isolation in North America and temperate Australasia but by host specialisation in the species occurring sympatrically in Europe and Asia. Both specialist and generalist host use strategies have evolved in the group. Although teleomorphs are known in most of the species and unnamed lineages, analyses of the five-gene regions suggest the prevalence of clonal reproduction in H. odoratus. This can be the reason for its success in mushroom farms, also facilitating the spread of fungicide resistance. While tef1 and rpb2 can be recommended for species delimitation, low variation, not exceeding 1 % in the whole ingroup, impeaches the use of ITS as a barcoding gene region in this group of fungi.
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Diversity, host associations, and phylogeography of temperate aurofusarin-producing Hypomyces/Cladobotryum including causal agents of cobweb disease of cultivated mushrooms.
Fungal biology, 2013Co-Authors: Heidi Tamm, Kadri PõldmaaAbstract:Temperate species of Hypomyces and Cladobotryum that produce the red pigment aurofusarin are common on agaricoid and polyporoid basidiomata of species from five orders of Agaricomycetes. Several cause cobweb disease of commercially cultivated mushrooms resulting in serious losses. We sequenced rpb1, rpb2, tef1, and FG1093 regions in 90 wild strains and 30 strains from mushroom farms, isolated from Europe, North America, Africa, Asia, Australia, and New Zealand. Multigene analyses support the distinctness of five species but reveal Hypomyces rosellus to be paraphyletic, comprising several cryptic lineages. Hypomyces rosellus s. str. is characterised by wide dispersal and gene flow across Eurasia but does not occur in North America. Instead, the lineages from the West and the East Coast appear distinct, having given rise to species inhabiting the Southern Hemisphere. Our results reveal wide misuse of the name H. rosellus, especially for cobweb isolates. The majority of these belong to Hypomyces odoratus, including a weakly supported group of fungicide-resistant strains from Europe and North America sharing identical sequence data. New collections are presented for Cladobotryum rubrobrunnescens and Cladobotryum tenue as well as Cladobotryum multiseptatum and Hypomyces dactylarioides, all previously known only from their type material. The former species pair occurs in Europe and the latter in Australia and New Zealand. Separate lineages appear to be maintained by geographic isolation in North America and temperate Australasia but by host specialisation in the species occurring sympatrically in Europe and Asia. Both specialist and generalist host use strategies have evolved in the group. Although teleomorphs are known in most of the species and unnamed lineages, analyses of the five-gene regions suggest the prevalence of clonal reproduction in H. odoratus. This can be the reason for its success in mushroom farms, also facilitating the spread of fungicide resistance. While tef1 and rpb2 can be recommended for species delimitation, low variation, not exceeding 1 % in the whole ingroup, impeaches the use of ITS as a barcoding gene region in this group of fungi.
Wen-ying Zhuang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Ascomycetes from the Qilian Mountains, China - Hypocreales.
MycoKeys, 2020Co-Authors: Zhao-qing Zeng, Huan-di Zheng, Xin-cun Wang, Sheng-long Wei, Wen-ying ZhuangAbstract:To investigate fungi from the Qilian Mountains in Gansu Province, ascomycetous specimens were collected and hypocrealean fungi were examined. Eighteen species belonging to six genera in the families Hypocreaceae and Nectriaceae were identified, including 11 species of Hypomyces and Trichoderma in Hypocreaceae and seven species of Nectria, Stylonectria, Thelonectria, and Thyronectria in Nectriaceae. Among them, Stylonectria qilianshanensis and Trichoderma gansuanum are new to science. DNA sequence analyses of combined ACL1, ITS, RPB2, and TEF1 regions confirmed their taxonomic placements. Morphological distinctions between the new species and their close relatives are discussed. Hypomyces tremellicola is reported for the first time in China.
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Two New Species and a New Chinese Record of Hypocreaceae as Evidenced by Morphological and Molecular Data.
Mycobiology, 2019Co-Authors: Zhao-qing Zeng, Wen-ying ZhuangAbstract:To explore species diversity of Hypocreaceae, collections from Guangdong, Hubei, and Tibet of China were examined and two new species and a new Chinese record were discovered. Morphological characteristics and DNA sequence analyses of the ITS, LSU, EF-1α, and RPB2 regions support their placements in Hypocreaceae and the establishments of the new species. Hypomyces hubeiensis sp. nov. is characterized by occurrence on fruitbody of Agaricus sp., concentric rings formed on MEA medium, verticillium-like conidiophores, subulate phialides, rod-shaped to narrowly ellipsoidal conidia, and absence of chlamydospores. Trichoderma subiculoides sp. nov. is distinguished by effuse to confluent rudimentary stromata lacking of a well-developed flank and not changing color in KOH, subcylindrical asci containing eight ascospores that disarticulate into 16 dimorphic part-ascospores, verticillium-like conidiophores, subcylindrical phialides, and subellipsoidal to rod-shaped conidia. Morphological distinctions between the new species and their close relatives are discussed. Hypomyces orthosporus is found for the first time from China.
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A new seco-pimarane diterpene and four new β-resorcylic acid lactones from a fungicolous Hypomyces subiculosus
RSC Advances, 2017Co-Authors: Li Liu, Zhao-qing Zeng, Wen-ying Zhuang, Ruixing Liu, Bahadur Basnet, Li Bao, Junjie Han, Jinwei Ren, Hongwei LiuAbstract:One new pimarane diterpene (1) and four new β-resorcylic acid lactones (2–5), together with eight known compounds (6–13) were isolated from the solid culture of the fungicolous Hypomyces subiculosus. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated using extensive spectroscopic methods, including 1D and 2D NMR, HRESIMS, CD experiments, and chemical means. Compound 1 is a ring cleavage pimarane diterpene possessing a bicyclic ring system. All compounds were evaluated for cytotoxic activities. Only compound 7 showed moderate cytotoxicity against the A549 cell line with an IC50 of 44.5 μM.