The Experts below are selected from a list of 264 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Mikhail A Semenov - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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substantial increase in yield predicted by wheat Ideotypes for europe under future climate
Climate Research, 2020Co-Authors: Nimai Senapati, Malcolm J Hawkesford, Peter R. Shewry, Simon Griffiths, Mikhail A SemenovAbstract:A substantial increase in food production is needed for global food security. Europe is the largest wheat producer, delivering 35% of wheat globally, but its future genetic yield potential is yet unknown. We estimated the genetic yield potential of wheat in Europe under 2050 climate by designing in silico wheat Ideotypes based on genetic variation in wheat germplasm. To evaluate the importance of heat and drought stresses around flowering, a critical stage in wheat development, sensitive and tolerant Ideotypes were designed. Ideotype yields ranged from 9 to 17 t ha−1 across major wheat growing regions in Europe under 2050 climate. Both Ideotypes showed a substantial increase in yield of 66−89% compared to current local cultivars under future climate. Key traits for wheat improvements under future climate were identified. Ideotype design is a powerful tool for estimating crop genetic yield potential in a target environment, along with the potential to accelerate breeding by providing target traits for improvements.
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large increase in yield is predicted by wheat Ideotypes for europe under future climate
Global Change Biology, 2019Co-Authors: Nimai Senapati, Malcolm J Hawkesford, Peter R. Shewry, Simon Griffiths, Mikhail A SemenovAbstract:: A substantial increase in food production is needed for future global food security. Raising upper limits in crop yield potential is the key for increasing food production under future climates. Europe is the largest wheat producer delivering about 35% wheat globally, but its genetic yield potential under future climate is yet unknown. Using the Sirius wheat model, we estimated genetic yield potential of wheat in Europe under 2050-climate (HadGEM2, RCP8.5) by designing in silico wheat Ideotypes, based on state-of-the-art knowledge in crop physiology and availability of genetic variation in wheat germplasm. Wheat Ideotypes were optimised for yield in rainfed condition by using an evolutionary algorithm with self-adaptation and utilizing the full parameter ranges in a multidimensional space of cultivar traits. To evaluate importance of heat and drought stresses around flowering, a critical stage in wheat development, sensitive and tolerant Ideotypes were designed. Grain yields of wheat Ideotypes under 2050-climate ranged from 9-17 t/ha across major wheat growing regions in Europe. Yield potential of wheat Ideotypes were highest in north-western Europe, followed by central-western and central-eastern Europe, whereas yield was lowest in north-eastern and south-western Europe. Both Ideotypes showed a substantially greater yield of 66%-89% compared to current local cultivars under optimal managements. Advantages of a tolerant Ideotype over sensitive were region specific reaching up to 44% greater yields for tolerant Ideotypes in south-western Europe. Optimal canopy structure, phenology and root water uptake, and tolerance to heat and drought stresses around flowering were identified as key traits for improvements to achieve maximum genetic yield potentials. Ideotype design is a powerful methodology with the potential to accelerate crop improvement, genetic adaptation and breeding by providing selection targets and their optimal combination for increased yield under global climate change.
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raising genetic yield potential in high productive countries designing wheat Ideotypes under climate change
Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2019Co-Authors: Nimai Senapati, H E Brown, Mikhail A SemenovAbstract:Abstract Designing crop Ideotype is an important step to raise genetic yield potential in a target environment. In the present study, we designed wheat Ideotypes based on the state-of-the-art knowledge in crop physiology to increase genetic yield potential for the 2050-climate, as projected by the HadGEM2 global climate model for the RCP8.5 emission scenario, in two high-wheat-productive countries, viz. the United Kingdom (UK) and New Zealand (NZ). Wheat Ideotypes were optimized to maximize yield potential for both water-limited (IW2050) and potential (IP2050) conditions by using Sirius model and exploring the full range of cultivar parameters. On average, a 43–51% greater yield potential over the present winter wheat cv. Claire was achieved for IW2050 in the UK and NZ, whereas a 51–62% increase was obtained for IP2050. Yield benefits due to the potential condition over water-limitation were small in the UK, but 13% in NZ. The yield potentials of wheat were 16% (2.6 t ha−1) and 31% (5 t ha−1) greater in NZ than in the UK under 2050-climate in water-limited and potential conditions respectively. Modelling predicts the possibility of substantial increase in genetic yield potential of winter wheat under climate change in high productive countries. Wheat Ideotypes optimized for future climate could provide plant scientists and breeders with a road map for selection of the target traits and their optimal combinations for wheat improvement and genetic adaptation to raise the yield potential.
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assessing yield gap in high productive countries by designing wheat Ideotypes
Scientific Reports, 2019Co-Authors: Nimai Senapati, Mikhail A SemenovAbstract:Designing crop Ideotypes in silico is a powerful tool to explore the crop yield potential and yield gap. We defined yield gap as the difference between yield potential of a crop Ideotype optimized under local environment and yield of an existing cultivar under optimal management. Wheat Ideotypes were designed for the current climate using the Sirius model for both water-limited and irrigated conditions in two high wheat-productive countries viz. the United Kingdom (UK) and New Zealand (NZ) with the objective of estimating yield gap. The mean Ideotype yields of 15.0–19.0 t ha−1 were achieved in water-limited conditions in the UK and NZ, whereas 15.6–19.5 t ha−1 under irrigated conditions. Substantial yield gaps were found in both water-limited, 28–31% (4–6 t ha−1), and irrigated conditions, 30–32% (5–6 t ha−1) in the UK and NZ. Both yield potential (25–27%) and yield gap (32–38%) were greater in NZ than the UK. Ideotype design is generic and could apply globally for estimating yield gap. Despite wheat breeding efforts, the considerable yield gap still potentially exists in high productive countries such as the UK and NZ. To accelerate breeding, wheat Ideotypes can provide the key traits for wheat improvement and closing the yield gap.
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designing high yielding wheat Ideotypes for a changing climate
Food and Energy Security, 2013Co-Authors: Mikhail A Semenov, Pierre StratonovitchAbstract:Global warming is characterized by shifts in weather patterns and increases in climatic variability and extreme events. New wheat cultivars will be required for a rapidly changing environment, putting severe pressure on breeders who must select for climate conditions which can only be predicted with a great degree of uncertainty. To assist breeders to identify key wheat traits for improvements under climate change, wheat Ideotypes can be designed and tested in silico using a wheat simulation model for a wide range of future climate scenarios predicted by global climate models. A wheat Ideotype is represented by a set of cultivar parameters in a model, which could be optimized for best wheat performance under projected climate change. As an example, high-yielding wheat Ideotypes were designed at two contrasting European sites for the 2050 (A1B) climate scenario. Simulations showed that wheat yield potential can be substantially increased for new Ideotypes compared with current wheat varieties under climate change. The main factors contributing to yield increase were improvement in light conversion efficiency, extended duration of grain filling resulting in a higher harvest index, and optimal phenology.
Fuat Oduncu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Chemically linked phage idiotype vaccination in the murine B cell lymphoma 1 model
Journal of translational medicine, 2013Co-Authors: Tim Roehnisch, Cornelia Then, Wolfgang Nagel, Christina Blumenthal, Todd Braciak, Mariel Donzeau, Thomas Böhm, Carole Bourquin, Fuat OduncuAbstract:Background: B cell malignancies are characterized by clonal expansion of B cells expressing tumor-specific idiotypes on their surface. These idiotypes are ideal target antigens for an individualized immunotherapy. However, previous idiotype vaccines mostly lacked efficiency due to a low immunogenicity of the idiotype. The objective of the present study was the determination of the feasibility, safety and immunogenicity of a novel chemically linked phage idiotype vaccine. Methods: In the murine B cell lymphoma 1 model, tumor idiotypes were chemically linked to phage particles used as immunological carriers. For comparison, the idiotype was genetically expressed on the major phage coat protein g8 or linked to keyhole limpet hemocynanin. After intradermal immunizations with idiotype vaccines, tolerability and humoral immune responses were assessed. Results: Feasibility and tolerability of the chemically linked phage idiotype vaccine was demonstrated. Vaccination with B cell lymphoma 1 idiotype expressing phage resulted in a significant survival benefit in the murine B cell lymphoma 1 protection model (60.2 ± 23.8 days vs. 41.8 ± 1.6 days and 39.8 ± 3.8 days after vaccination with wild type phage or phosphate buffered saline, respectively). Superior immunogenicity of the chemically linked phage idiotype vaccine compared to the genetically engineered phage idiotype and keyhole limpet hemocynanincoupled idiotype vaccine was demonstrated by significantly higher B cell lymphoma 1 idiotype-specific IgG levels after vaccination with chemically linked phage idiotype.
Marco Acutis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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designing a high yielding maize Ideotype for a changing climate in lombardy plain northern italy
Science of The Total Environment, 2014Co-Authors: Alessia Perego, Mattia Sanna, Andrea Giussani, Marcello Ermido Chiodini, Salvatore Pilu, Marco Bindi, Marco Moriondo, Marta Fumagalli, Marco AcutisAbstract:The expected climate change will affect the maize yields in view of air temperature increase and scarce water availability. The application of biophysical models offers the chance to design a drought-resistant Ideotype and to assist plant breeders and agronomists in the assessment of its suitability in future scenarios. The aim of the present work was to perform a model-based estimation of the yields of two hybrids, current vs Ideotype, under future climate scenarios (2030–2060 and 2070–2100) in Lombardy (northern Italy), testing two options of irrigation (small amount at fixed dates vs optimal water supply), nitrogen (N) fertilization (300 vs 400 kg N ha− 1), and crop cycle durations (current vs extended). For the designing of the Ideotype we set several parameters of the ARMOSA process-based crop model: the root elongation rate and maximum depth, stomatal resistance, four stage-specific crop coefficients for the actual transpiration estimation, and drought tolerance factor. The work findings indicated that the current hybrid ensures good production only with high irrigation amount (245–565 mm y− 1). With respect to the current hybrid, the Ideotype will require less irrigation water (− 13%, p < 0.01) and it resulted in significantly higher yield under water stress condition (+ 15%, p < 0.01) and optimal water supply (+ 2%, p < 0.05). The elongated cycle has a positive effect on yield under any combination of options. Moreover, higher yields projected for the Ideotype implicate more crop residues to be incorporated into the soil, which are positively correlated with the SOC sequestration and negatively with N leaching. The crop N uptake is expected to be adequate in view of higher rate of soil mineralization; the N fertilization rate of 400 kg N ha− 1 will involve significant increasing of grain yield, and it is expected to involve a higher rate of SOC sequestration.
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Designing a high-yielding maize Ideotype for a changing climate in Lombardy plain (northern Italy).
Science of The Total Environment, 2014Co-Authors: Alessia Perego, Mattia Sanna, Andrea Giussani, Marcello Ermido Chiodini, Salvatore Pilu, Marco Bindi, Marco Moriondo, Marta Fumagalli, Marco AcutisAbstract:The expected climate change will affect the maize yields in view of air temperature increase and scarce water availability. The application of biophysical models offers the chance to design a drought-resistant Ideotype and to assist plant breeders and agronomists in the assessment of its suitability in future scenarios. The aim of the present work was to perform a model-based estimation of the yields of two hybrids, current vs Ideotype, under future climate scenarios (2030–2060 and 2070–2100) in Lombardy (northern Italy), testing two options of irrigation (small amount at fixed dates vs optimal water supply), nitrogen (N) fertilization (300 vs 400 kg N ha− 1), and crop cycle durations (current vs extended). For the designing of the Ideotype we set several parameters of the ARMOSA process-based crop model: the root elongation rate and maximum depth, stomatal resistance, four stage-specific crop coefficients for the actual transpiration estimation, and drought tolerance factor. The work findings indicated that the current hybrid ensures good production only with high irrigation amount (245–565 mm y− 1). With respect to the current hybrid, the Ideotype will require less irrigation water (− 13%, p
Tim Roehnisch - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Chemically linked phage idiotype vaccination in the murine B cell lymphoma 1 model
Journal of translational medicine, 2013Co-Authors: Tim Roehnisch, Cornelia Then, Wolfgang Nagel, Christina Blumenthal, Todd Braciak, Mariel Donzeau, Thomas Böhm, Carole Bourquin, Fuat OduncuAbstract:Background: B cell malignancies are characterized by clonal expansion of B cells expressing tumor-specific idiotypes on their surface. These idiotypes are ideal target antigens for an individualized immunotherapy. However, previous idiotype vaccines mostly lacked efficiency due to a low immunogenicity of the idiotype. The objective of the present study was the determination of the feasibility, safety and immunogenicity of a novel chemically linked phage idiotype vaccine. Methods: In the murine B cell lymphoma 1 model, tumor idiotypes were chemically linked to phage particles used as immunological carriers. For comparison, the idiotype was genetically expressed on the major phage coat protein g8 or linked to keyhole limpet hemocynanin. After intradermal immunizations with idiotype vaccines, tolerability and humoral immune responses were assessed. Results: Feasibility and tolerability of the chemically linked phage idiotype vaccine was demonstrated. Vaccination with B cell lymphoma 1 idiotype expressing phage resulted in a significant survival benefit in the murine B cell lymphoma 1 protection model (60.2 ± 23.8 days vs. 41.8 ± 1.6 days and 39.8 ± 3.8 days after vaccination with wild type phage or phosphate buffered saline, respectively). Superior immunogenicity of the chemically linked phage idiotype vaccine compared to the genetically engineered phage idiotype and keyhole limpet hemocynanincoupled idiotype vaccine was demonstrated by significantly higher B cell lymphoma 1 idiotype-specific IgG levels after vaccination with chemically linked phage idiotype.
Nimai Senapati - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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substantial increase in yield predicted by wheat Ideotypes for europe under future climate
Climate Research, 2020Co-Authors: Nimai Senapati, Malcolm J Hawkesford, Peter R. Shewry, Simon Griffiths, Mikhail A SemenovAbstract:A substantial increase in food production is needed for global food security. Europe is the largest wheat producer, delivering 35% of wheat globally, but its future genetic yield potential is yet unknown. We estimated the genetic yield potential of wheat in Europe under 2050 climate by designing in silico wheat Ideotypes based on genetic variation in wheat germplasm. To evaluate the importance of heat and drought stresses around flowering, a critical stage in wheat development, sensitive and tolerant Ideotypes were designed. Ideotype yields ranged from 9 to 17 t ha−1 across major wheat growing regions in Europe under 2050 climate. Both Ideotypes showed a substantial increase in yield of 66−89% compared to current local cultivars under future climate. Key traits for wheat improvements under future climate were identified. Ideotype design is a powerful tool for estimating crop genetic yield potential in a target environment, along with the potential to accelerate breeding by providing target traits for improvements.
-
large increase in yield is predicted by wheat Ideotypes for europe under future climate
Global Change Biology, 2019Co-Authors: Nimai Senapati, Malcolm J Hawkesford, Peter R. Shewry, Simon Griffiths, Mikhail A SemenovAbstract:: A substantial increase in food production is needed for future global food security. Raising upper limits in crop yield potential is the key for increasing food production under future climates. Europe is the largest wheat producer delivering about 35% wheat globally, but its genetic yield potential under future climate is yet unknown. Using the Sirius wheat model, we estimated genetic yield potential of wheat in Europe under 2050-climate (HadGEM2, RCP8.5) by designing in silico wheat Ideotypes, based on state-of-the-art knowledge in crop physiology and availability of genetic variation in wheat germplasm. Wheat Ideotypes were optimised for yield in rainfed condition by using an evolutionary algorithm with self-adaptation and utilizing the full parameter ranges in a multidimensional space of cultivar traits. To evaluate importance of heat and drought stresses around flowering, a critical stage in wheat development, sensitive and tolerant Ideotypes were designed. Grain yields of wheat Ideotypes under 2050-climate ranged from 9-17 t/ha across major wheat growing regions in Europe. Yield potential of wheat Ideotypes were highest in north-western Europe, followed by central-western and central-eastern Europe, whereas yield was lowest in north-eastern and south-western Europe. Both Ideotypes showed a substantially greater yield of 66%-89% compared to current local cultivars under optimal managements. Advantages of a tolerant Ideotype over sensitive were region specific reaching up to 44% greater yields for tolerant Ideotypes in south-western Europe. Optimal canopy structure, phenology and root water uptake, and tolerance to heat and drought stresses around flowering were identified as key traits for improvements to achieve maximum genetic yield potentials. Ideotype design is a powerful methodology with the potential to accelerate crop improvement, genetic adaptation and breeding by providing selection targets and their optimal combination for increased yield under global climate change.
-
raising genetic yield potential in high productive countries designing wheat Ideotypes under climate change
Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2019Co-Authors: Nimai Senapati, H E Brown, Mikhail A SemenovAbstract:Abstract Designing crop Ideotype is an important step to raise genetic yield potential in a target environment. In the present study, we designed wheat Ideotypes based on the state-of-the-art knowledge in crop physiology to increase genetic yield potential for the 2050-climate, as projected by the HadGEM2 global climate model for the RCP8.5 emission scenario, in two high-wheat-productive countries, viz. the United Kingdom (UK) and New Zealand (NZ). Wheat Ideotypes were optimized to maximize yield potential for both water-limited (IW2050) and potential (IP2050) conditions by using Sirius model and exploring the full range of cultivar parameters. On average, a 43–51% greater yield potential over the present winter wheat cv. Claire was achieved for IW2050 in the UK and NZ, whereas a 51–62% increase was obtained for IP2050. Yield benefits due to the potential condition over water-limitation were small in the UK, but 13% in NZ. The yield potentials of wheat were 16% (2.6 t ha−1) and 31% (5 t ha−1) greater in NZ than in the UK under 2050-climate in water-limited and potential conditions respectively. Modelling predicts the possibility of substantial increase in genetic yield potential of winter wheat under climate change in high productive countries. Wheat Ideotypes optimized for future climate could provide plant scientists and breeders with a road map for selection of the target traits and their optimal combinations for wheat improvement and genetic adaptation to raise the yield potential.
-
assessing yield gap in high productive countries by designing wheat Ideotypes
Scientific Reports, 2019Co-Authors: Nimai Senapati, Mikhail A SemenovAbstract:Designing crop Ideotypes in silico is a powerful tool to explore the crop yield potential and yield gap. We defined yield gap as the difference between yield potential of a crop Ideotype optimized under local environment and yield of an existing cultivar under optimal management. Wheat Ideotypes were designed for the current climate using the Sirius model for both water-limited and irrigated conditions in two high wheat-productive countries viz. the United Kingdom (UK) and New Zealand (NZ) with the objective of estimating yield gap. The mean Ideotype yields of 15.0–19.0 t ha−1 were achieved in water-limited conditions in the UK and NZ, whereas 15.6–19.5 t ha−1 under irrigated conditions. Substantial yield gaps were found in both water-limited, 28–31% (4–6 t ha−1), and irrigated conditions, 30–32% (5–6 t ha−1) in the UK and NZ. Both yield potential (25–27%) and yield gap (32–38%) were greater in NZ than the UK. Ideotype design is generic and could apply globally for estimating yield gap. Despite wheat breeding efforts, the considerable yield gap still potentially exists in high productive countries such as the UK and NZ. To accelerate breeding, wheat Ideotypes can provide the key traits for wheat improvement and closing the yield gap.
