The Experts below are selected from a list of 2865 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Sylvester Elikana Anami - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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sweet sorghum Ideotypes genetic improvement of the biofuel syndrome
Food and Energy Security, 2015Co-Authors: Sylvester Elikana Anami, Limin Zhang, Yumiao Zhang, Haichun JingAbstract:Compared to other potential feedstocks such as sugarcane, sugar beet, maize, and watermelon, sweet sorghum possesses higher levels of directly fermentable reducing sugars within the culm and the ability to accumulate high biomass under low-input production systems. In addition, it is tolerant to drought and has more efficient utilization of solar radiation and nitrogen-based fertilizers than maize and sugar cane on marginal lands that are not optimal for food production. These collectively make sweet sorghum to be considered with huge potential as a biofuel crop. Novel phenotypes generated during plant domestication and continued crop improvements via artificial selection constitute the domestication syndrome (Am. J. Bot., 101, 2014, 1711). Here, we draw an analogy and introduce the term the biofuel syndrome to refer to a suite of sweet sorghum traits, such as plant architecture (root, leave, and stem), flowering time and maturity as well as biomass bioconversion efficiency, that are associated with biofuel production and distinguish it from grain and forage sorghum traits. We discuss the biofuel syndrome amenable for targeted genetic modulation and what is currently known about the genetics and genomics of these traits as a potential route to optimize sweet sorghum for biofuel production. Continuous availability of sweet sorghum, transport and storing much mass and minimizing the postharvest loss of fermentable sugars are fundamental to exploiting sweet sorghum as a bioenergy crop. Due to the relatively short history of sweet sorghum breeding, we consider the development of Ideotypes adapting to various phenological requirements to maximize the rapid deployment of sweet sorghum for biofuel production.
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sweet sorghum Ideotypes genetic improvement of stress tolerance
Food and Energy Security, 2015Co-Authors: Sylvester Elikana Anami, Limin Zhang, Yumiao Zhang, Haichun JingAbstract:Stress tolerance is a prerequisite for the success of biofuel production, which normally requires the use of marginal lands and nonfood biofuel feedstocks. Sorghum is known for its ability to withstand stress conditions, however, terminal stresses threaten its growth and development negatively impacting yield and sugar accumulation. It is crucial, therefore, that research aimed at developing sorghum resistance to stress factors should be pursued to expand the range of its growth to marginal and barren soils to meet the needs of a growing population, changing diets, and biofuel production. In this context, the leaf architectural trait of stay-green drought tolerance, in addition to salinity, cold, and aluminium toxicity and biotic stress tolerance and their genetic basis discussed in this review are expected to be available in future sweet sorghum Ideotypes. Also highlighted is the key role of efficient management of farming systems, in particular the use of herbicides to control weeds, to ensure the sustainability of the sweet sorghum biomass productions.
Haichun Jing - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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sweet sorghum Ideotypes genetic improvement of the biofuel syndrome
Food and Energy Security, 2015Co-Authors: Sylvester Elikana Anami, Limin Zhang, Yumiao Zhang, Haichun JingAbstract:Compared to other potential feedstocks such as sugarcane, sugar beet, maize, and watermelon, sweet sorghum possesses higher levels of directly fermentable reducing sugars within the culm and the ability to accumulate high biomass under low-input production systems. In addition, it is tolerant to drought and has more efficient utilization of solar radiation and nitrogen-based fertilizers than maize and sugar cane on marginal lands that are not optimal for food production. These collectively make sweet sorghum to be considered with huge potential as a biofuel crop. Novel phenotypes generated during plant domestication and continued crop improvements via artificial selection constitute the domestication syndrome (Am. J. Bot., 101, 2014, 1711). Here, we draw an analogy and introduce the term the biofuel syndrome to refer to a suite of sweet sorghum traits, such as plant architecture (root, leave, and stem), flowering time and maturity as well as biomass bioconversion efficiency, that are associated with biofuel production and distinguish it from grain and forage sorghum traits. We discuss the biofuel syndrome amenable for targeted genetic modulation and what is currently known about the genetics and genomics of these traits as a potential route to optimize sweet sorghum for biofuel production. Continuous availability of sweet sorghum, transport and storing much mass and minimizing the postharvest loss of fermentable sugars are fundamental to exploiting sweet sorghum as a bioenergy crop. Due to the relatively short history of sweet sorghum breeding, we consider the development of Ideotypes adapting to various phenological requirements to maximize the rapid deployment of sweet sorghum for biofuel production.
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sweet sorghum Ideotypes genetic improvement of stress tolerance
Food and Energy Security, 2015Co-Authors: Sylvester Elikana Anami, Limin Zhang, Yumiao Zhang, Haichun JingAbstract:Stress tolerance is a prerequisite for the success of biofuel production, which normally requires the use of marginal lands and nonfood biofuel feedstocks. Sorghum is known for its ability to withstand stress conditions, however, terminal stresses threaten its growth and development negatively impacting yield and sugar accumulation. It is crucial, therefore, that research aimed at developing sorghum resistance to stress factors should be pursued to expand the range of its growth to marginal and barren soils to meet the needs of a growing population, changing diets, and biofuel production. In this context, the leaf architectural trait of stay-green drought tolerance, in addition to salinity, cold, and aluminium toxicity and biotic stress tolerance and their genetic basis discussed in this review are expected to be available in future sweet sorghum Ideotypes. Also highlighted is the key role of efficient management of farming systems, in particular the use of herbicides to control weeds, to ensure the sustainability of the sweet sorghum biomass productions.
Mikhail A Semenov - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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substantial increase in yield predicted by wheat Ideotypes for europe under future climate
Climate Research, 2020Co-Authors: Nimai Senapati, Simon Griffiths, Malcolm J Hawkesford, Peter R Shewry, Mikhail A SemenovAbstract:A substantial increase in food production is needed for global food security. Europe is the largest wheat producer, delivering 35% of wheat globally, but its future genetic yield potential is yet unknown. We estimated the genetic yield potential of wheat in Europe under 2050 climate by designing in silico wheat Ideotypes based on genetic variation in wheat germplasm. To evaluate the importance of heat and drought stresses around flowering, a critical stage in wheat development, sensitive and tolerant Ideotypes were designed. Ideotype yields ranged from 9 to 17 t ha−1 across major wheat growing regions in Europe under 2050 climate. Both Ideotypes showed a substantial increase in yield of 66−89% compared to current local cultivars under future climate. Key traits for wheat improvements under future climate were identified. Ideotype design is a powerful tool for estimating crop genetic yield potential in a target environment, along with the potential to accelerate breeding by providing target traits for improvements.
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large increase in yield is predicted by wheat Ideotypes for europe under future climate
Global Change Biology, 2019Co-Authors: Nimai Senapati, Simon Griffiths, Malcolm J Hawkesford, Peter R Shewry, Mikhail A SemenovAbstract:: A substantial increase in food production is needed for future global food security. Raising upper limits in crop yield potential is the key for increasing food production under future climates. Europe is the largest wheat producer delivering about 35% wheat globally, but its genetic yield potential under future climate is yet unknown. Using the Sirius wheat model, we estimated genetic yield potential of wheat in Europe under 2050-climate (HadGEM2, RCP8.5) by designing in silico wheat Ideotypes, based on state-of-the-art knowledge in crop physiology and availability of genetic variation in wheat germplasm. Wheat Ideotypes were optimised for yield in rainfed condition by using an evolutionary algorithm with self-adaptation and utilizing the full parameter ranges in a multidimensional space of cultivar traits. To evaluate importance of heat and drought stresses around flowering, a critical stage in wheat development, sensitive and tolerant Ideotypes were designed. Grain yields of wheat Ideotypes under 2050-climate ranged from 9-17 t/ha across major wheat growing regions in Europe. Yield potential of wheat Ideotypes were highest in north-western Europe, followed by central-western and central-eastern Europe, whereas yield was lowest in north-eastern and south-western Europe. Both Ideotypes showed a substantially greater yield of 66%-89% compared to current local cultivars under optimal managements. Advantages of a tolerant ideotype over sensitive were region specific reaching up to 44% greater yields for tolerant Ideotypes in south-western Europe. Optimal canopy structure, phenology and root water uptake, and tolerance to heat and drought stresses around flowering were identified as key traits for improvements to achieve maximum genetic yield potentials. Ideotype design is a powerful methodology with the potential to accelerate crop improvement, genetic adaptation and breeding by providing selection targets and their optimal combination for increased yield under global climate change.
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raising genetic yield potential in high productive countries designing wheat Ideotypes under climate change
Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2019Co-Authors: Nimai Senapati, H E Brown, Mikhail A SemenovAbstract:Abstract Designing crop ideotype is an important step to raise genetic yield potential in a target environment. In the present study, we designed wheat Ideotypes based on the state-of-the-art knowledge in crop physiology to increase genetic yield potential for the 2050-climate, as projected by the HadGEM2 global climate model for the RCP8.5 emission scenario, in two high-wheat-productive countries, viz. the United Kingdom (UK) and New Zealand (NZ). Wheat Ideotypes were optimized to maximize yield potential for both water-limited (IW2050) and potential (IP2050) conditions by using Sirius model and exploring the full range of cultivar parameters. On average, a 43–51% greater yield potential over the present winter wheat cv. Claire was achieved for IW2050 in the UK and NZ, whereas a 51–62% increase was obtained for IP2050. Yield benefits due to the potential condition over water-limitation were small in the UK, but 13% in NZ. The yield potentials of wheat were 16% (2.6 t ha−1) and 31% (5 t ha−1) greater in NZ than in the UK under 2050-climate in water-limited and potential conditions respectively. Modelling predicts the possibility of substantial increase in genetic yield potential of winter wheat under climate change in high productive countries. Wheat Ideotypes optimized for future climate could provide plant scientists and breeders with a road map for selection of the target traits and their optimal combinations for wheat improvement and genetic adaptation to raise the yield potential.
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assessing yield gap in high productive countries by designing wheat Ideotypes
Scientific Reports, 2019Co-Authors: Nimai Senapati, Mikhail A SemenovAbstract:Designing crop Ideotypes in silico is a powerful tool to explore the crop yield potential and yield gap. We defined yield gap as the difference between yield potential of a crop ideotype optimized under local environment and yield of an existing cultivar under optimal management. Wheat Ideotypes were designed for the current climate using the Sirius model for both water-limited and irrigated conditions in two high wheat-productive countries viz. the United Kingdom (UK) and New Zealand (NZ) with the objective of estimating yield gap. The mean ideotype yields of 15.0–19.0 t ha−1 were achieved in water-limited conditions in the UK and NZ, whereas 15.6–19.5 t ha−1 under irrigated conditions. Substantial yield gaps were found in both water-limited, 28–31% (4–6 t ha−1), and irrigated conditions, 30–32% (5–6 t ha−1) in the UK and NZ. Both yield potential (25–27%) and yield gap (32–38%) were greater in NZ than the UK. Ideotype design is generic and could apply globally for estimating yield gap. Despite wheat breeding efforts, the considerable yield gap still potentially exists in high productive countries such as the UK and NZ. To accelerate breeding, wheat Ideotypes can provide the key traits for wheat improvement and closing the yield gap.
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designing future barley Ideotypes using a crop model ensemble
European Journal of Agronomy, 2017Co-Authors: Reimund P. Rötter, Mikhail A Semenov, Taru Palosuo, Carlos Gregorio Hernandez Diazambrona, Ines M Minguez, K C Kersebaum, Claas Nendel, Davide Cammarano, Holger Hoffmann, Frank EwertAbstract:Abstract Climate change and its associated higher frequency and severity of adverse weather events require genotypic adaptation. Process-based ecophysiological modelling offers a powerful means to better target and accelerate development of new crop cultivars. Barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) is an important crop throughout the world, and a good model for study of the genetics of stress adaptation because many quantitative trait loci and candidate genes for biotic and abiotic stress tolerance have been identified in it. Here, we developed a new approach to design future crop Ideotypes using an ensemble of eight barley simulation models (i.e. APSIM, CropSyst, HERMES, MCWLA, MONICA, SIMPLACE, SiriusQuality , and WOFOST), and applied it to design climate-resilient barley Ideotypes for Boreal and Mediterranean climatic zones in Europe. The results showed that specific barley genotypes, represented by sets of cultivar parameters in the crop models, could be promising under future climate change conditions, resulting in increased yields and low inter-annual yield variability. In contrast, other genotypes could result in substantial yield declines. The most favorable climate-zone-specific barley Ideotypes were further proposed, having combinations of several key genetic traits in terms of phenology, leaf growth, photosynthesis, drought tolerance, and grain formation. For both Boreal and Mediterranean climatic zones, barley Ideotypes under future climatic conditions should have a longer reproductive growing period, lower leaf senescence rate, larger radiation use efficiency or maximum assimilation rate, and higher drought tolerance. Such characteristics can produce substantial positive impacts on yields under contrasting conditions. Moreover, barley Ideotypes should have a low photoperiod and high vernalization sensitivity for the Boreal climatic zone; for the Mediterranean, in contrast, it should have a low photoperiod and low vernalization sensitivity. The drought-tolerance trait is more beneficial for the Mediterranean than for the Boreal climatic zone. Our study demonstrates a sound approach to design future barley Ideotypes based on an ensemble of well-tested, diverse crop models and on integration of knowledge from multiple disciplines. The robustness of model-aided Ideotypes design can be further enhanced by continuously improving crop models and enhancing information exchange between modellers, agro-meteorologists, geneticists, physiologists, and plant breeders.
Limin Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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sweet sorghum Ideotypes genetic improvement of the biofuel syndrome
Food and Energy Security, 2015Co-Authors: Sylvester Elikana Anami, Limin Zhang, Yumiao Zhang, Haichun JingAbstract:Compared to other potential feedstocks such as sugarcane, sugar beet, maize, and watermelon, sweet sorghum possesses higher levels of directly fermentable reducing sugars within the culm and the ability to accumulate high biomass under low-input production systems. In addition, it is tolerant to drought and has more efficient utilization of solar radiation and nitrogen-based fertilizers than maize and sugar cane on marginal lands that are not optimal for food production. These collectively make sweet sorghum to be considered with huge potential as a biofuel crop. Novel phenotypes generated during plant domestication and continued crop improvements via artificial selection constitute the domestication syndrome (Am. J. Bot., 101, 2014, 1711). Here, we draw an analogy and introduce the term the biofuel syndrome to refer to a suite of sweet sorghum traits, such as plant architecture (root, leave, and stem), flowering time and maturity as well as biomass bioconversion efficiency, that are associated with biofuel production and distinguish it from grain and forage sorghum traits. We discuss the biofuel syndrome amenable for targeted genetic modulation and what is currently known about the genetics and genomics of these traits as a potential route to optimize sweet sorghum for biofuel production. Continuous availability of sweet sorghum, transport and storing much mass and minimizing the postharvest loss of fermentable sugars are fundamental to exploiting sweet sorghum as a bioenergy crop. Due to the relatively short history of sweet sorghum breeding, we consider the development of Ideotypes adapting to various phenological requirements to maximize the rapid deployment of sweet sorghum for biofuel production.
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sweet sorghum Ideotypes genetic improvement of stress tolerance
Food and Energy Security, 2015Co-Authors: Sylvester Elikana Anami, Limin Zhang, Yumiao Zhang, Haichun JingAbstract:Stress tolerance is a prerequisite for the success of biofuel production, which normally requires the use of marginal lands and nonfood biofuel feedstocks. Sorghum is known for its ability to withstand stress conditions, however, terminal stresses threaten its growth and development negatively impacting yield and sugar accumulation. It is crucial, therefore, that research aimed at developing sorghum resistance to stress factors should be pursued to expand the range of its growth to marginal and barren soils to meet the needs of a growing population, changing diets, and biofuel production. In this context, the leaf architectural trait of stay-green drought tolerance, in addition to salinity, cold, and aluminium toxicity and biotic stress tolerance and their genetic basis discussed in this review are expected to be available in future sweet sorghum Ideotypes. Also highlighted is the key role of efficient management of farming systems, in particular the use of herbicides to control weeds, to ensure the sustainability of the sweet sorghum biomass productions.
Yumiao Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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sweet sorghum Ideotypes genetic improvement of the biofuel syndrome
Food and Energy Security, 2015Co-Authors: Sylvester Elikana Anami, Limin Zhang, Yumiao Zhang, Haichun JingAbstract:Compared to other potential feedstocks such as sugarcane, sugar beet, maize, and watermelon, sweet sorghum possesses higher levels of directly fermentable reducing sugars within the culm and the ability to accumulate high biomass under low-input production systems. In addition, it is tolerant to drought and has more efficient utilization of solar radiation and nitrogen-based fertilizers than maize and sugar cane on marginal lands that are not optimal for food production. These collectively make sweet sorghum to be considered with huge potential as a biofuel crop. Novel phenotypes generated during plant domestication and continued crop improvements via artificial selection constitute the domestication syndrome (Am. J. Bot., 101, 2014, 1711). Here, we draw an analogy and introduce the term the biofuel syndrome to refer to a suite of sweet sorghum traits, such as plant architecture (root, leave, and stem), flowering time and maturity as well as biomass bioconversion efficiency, that are associated with biofuel production and distinguish it from grain and forage sorghum traits. We discuss the biofuel syndrome amenable for targeted genetic modulation and what is currently known about the genetics and genomics of these traits as a potential route to optimize sweet sorghum for biofuel production. Continuous availability of sweet sorghum, transport and storing much mass and minimizing the postharvest loss of fermentable sugars are fundamental to exploiting sweet sorghum as a bioenergy crop. Due to the relatively short history of sweet sorghum breeding, we consider the development of Ideotypes adapting to various phenological requirements to maximize the rapid deployment of sweet sorghum for biofuel production.
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sweet sorghum Ideotypes genetic improvement of stress tolerance
Food and Energy Security, 2015Co-Authors: Sylvester Elikana Anami, Limin Zhang, Yumiao Zhang, Haichun JingAbstract:Stress tolerance is a prerequisite for the success of biofuel production, which normally requires the use of marginal lands and nonfood biofuel feedstocks. Sorghum is known for its ability to withstand stress conditions, however, terminal stresses threaten its growth and development negatively impacting yield and sugar accumulation. It is crucial, therefore, that research aimed at developing sorghum resistance to stress factors should be pursued to expand the range of its growth to marginal and barren soils to meet the needs of a growing population, changing diets, and biofuel production. In this context, the leaf architectural trait of stay-green drought tolerance, in addition to salinity, cold, and aluminium toxicity and biotic stress tolerance and their genetic basis discussed in this review are expected to be available in future sweet sorghum Ideotypes. Also highlighted is the key role of efficient management of farming systems, in particular the use of herbicides to control weeds, to ensure the sustainability of the sweet sorghum biomass productions.
