The Experts below are selected from a list of 297 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Jeong Ran Lee - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Developing Fall-Impact Protection Pad with 3D Mesh Curved Surface Structure using 3D Printing Technology.
Polymers, 2019Co-Authors: Jung Hyun Park, Jeong Ran LeeAbstract:In this study, we present the development of fall-Impact Protection pads for elderly people using three-dimensional (3D) printing technology. To develop fall-Impact Protection clothing, it is important to maintain the functionality of the Protection pad while ensuring that its effectiveness and appearance remain optimal in the process of inserting it. Therefore, this study explores the benefit of exploiting 3D scan data of the human body using 3D printing technology to develop a fall-Impact Protection pad that is highly suited to the human body shape. The purpose of this study was to present a 3D modeling process for creating curved protective pads comprising a hexagonal mesh with a spacer fabric structure and to verify the Impact Protection performance by printing curved pads. To this end, we set up a section that includes pads in the 3D human body scan data and extracted body surface information to be applied in the generation of the pad surface. The sheet-shaped hexagonal mesh structure was cut and separated according to the pad outline, and then deformed according to the curved surface of the human body. The pads were printed, and their Protection performance was evaluated; a 79.2–81.8% reduction in Impact force was observed compared to similar cases in which the pads were not used.
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Development and Evaluation of Fall Impact Protection Pads Using Additive Manufacturing
Materials, 2019Co-Authors: Jung Hyun Park, Hee-kyeong Jung, Jeong Ran LeeAbstract:This paper presents the development and evaluation of fall-Impact Protection pants for elderly women using additive manufacturing. The protective pants were designed incorporating a protective pad in the hip area to reduce the Impact of falls on the human body. The protective pad is a 3D mesh structure with a curved surface to fit the human body. Pads printed with flexible thermoplastic polyurethane were combined with foam to create the final pad. The Impact-absorbing performance of the pad was verified through physical Impact experiments. When dropping a bowling ball onto the protective pad from heights of 15, 20, and 25 cm, the protective pad was found to reduce the Impact force by more than 82% in all cases. The Impact force was less than the average fracture threshold of 3472 N. A subject group and an expert group evaluated the appearance, pad characteristics, motion functionality, and the wearability of the Protection pants. Despite the insertion of a pad, the pants appeared natural and had a good fit. The pads were evaluated as being well-designed in terms of their position, shape, area, thickness, weight, flexibility, ease of insertion, and ease of use. Users were comfortable performing various motions when wearing the designed protective clothing. Therefore, this work can be considered to have developed protective clothing that provides satisfactory Impact-Protection performance and comfort thereby advancing the possibility of applying additive manufacturing to the creation of functional garments.
Ronald W. Palmer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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SPH-4 Aircrew Helmet Impact Protection Improvements 1970-1990
1991Co-Authors: Ronald W. PalmerAbstract:Abstract : The Sound Protective Helmet-4 (SPH-4), a derivative of the Navy SPH- 3, has been used by the Army since1970. As our knowledge of crash environments and human Impact tolerance has increased through analyses of aircraft accidents and laboratory research, the performance of the standard SPH-4 helmet has been continuously reappraised, and the helmet's shell, liner, retention, earcups, and suspension have been upgraded to provide more Impact Protection. This report includes a discussion of improvements made in the SPH-4 helmet and the effects these improvements have had on its performance. The SPH-4, SPH-4B, and HGU-56/P are compared in terms of major design features, Impact Protection, and retention capabilities. The development of helmet Impact testing methodology used at the U.S. Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory, Fort Rucker, Alabama, also is discussed.
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Evaluation Of The Head Injury Hazard During Military Parachuting
1990Co-Authors: Charles R. Paschal, Ronald W. Palmer, Dennis F. Shanahan, Joseph L. HaleyAbstract:Abstract : The incidence of head injury during U.S. Army airborne training and airborne operations has doubled in recent years. A number of factors are known to contribute to head injuries incurred during airborne training/operations. These factors include the small amount of Impact Protection provided by the PASGT helmet, shortcomings in training procedures, and failure of trained airborne troops to follow proper procedures when jumping. Other factors are involved as well. This report shows, with relatively little modification, the Impact Protection and retention characteristics of the PASGT airborne helmet can be significantly improved. Also, this report evaluates a number of factors present in airborne training and operational environments that contribute to head injury and explains how training and operational procedures can be modified to reduce the incidence of repeated headstrikes and subsequent serious head injuries. Head injury; Impact Protection; PASGT helmet; Operational environments; Headstrikes.
Brian N Fildes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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IMPROVED SIDE Impact Protection (ISIP) IN AUSTRALIA: OVERVIEW OF A COLLABORATIVE APPROACH
2001Co-Authors: Brian N Fildes, Laurie J. Sparke, Keith SeyerAbstract:This paper includes an overview of a collaborative research project of Improved Side Impact Protection (ISIP) that commenced in 1997. The research program was sponsored by the Australian Research Council and involved a partnership of industry, government and research agencies, both in Australia and overseas. The overall aim was to develop a new approach to optimising vehicle design using Harm as the main outcome criteria. The program involved a number of research activities including mass data analysis, in-depth real-world crash investigations, simulation modelling and the development of a family of Injury Assessment Functions. The paper outlines the structure and progress of these activities, summarises the results and provides an overview of the optimiser model emanating from this research. For the covering abstract see ITRD E111577.
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Improved side Impact Protection: the development of injury assessment functions
2001Co-Authors: Tom Gibson, Evangelos Benetatos, Stuart Newstead, Brian N FildesAbstract:The objective of the ISIP Project has been to develop a methodology to allow vehicle designers to optimize safety systems of vehicles in side Impacts. This optimization was based on the minimization of the cost of injury or Harm. To form the link between the safety system protective capability in a crash and the cost of injury to the occupant required the development of a series of lateral Impact Injury Assessment Functions (IAFs). These IAFs had to be able to predict the risk of injury, in AIS (abbreviated injury scale), for each of the major body regions of the occupant. The injury predictions were used to derive Harm for the crash and were based on the responses of a human surrogate, the BioSID. This paper describes the development of these lateral injury IAFs from the analysis of cadaver test data.
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Optimal side Impact Protection
1998Co-Authors: Brian N Fildes, Tom Gibson, Peter Vulcan, Raphael H Grzebieta, Laurie J. Sparke, Keith Seyer, J McleanAbstract:A three year collaborative research program was funded recently by the Australian Research Council in conjunction with the Federal Office of Road Safety, Holden and the Australian Automobile Association to develop a procedure to optimise vehicle design for minimal Harm. The research will be undertaken at the Monash University Accident Research Centre and involves research effort by the collaborative partners and its associate investigators. Four main study tasks are involved namely (i), collection of data on a sample of real world crashes and mass data analysis, (ii), establishment of up-dated Australian injury costs and Harm associated with vehicle occupants, (iii), development of Injury Assessment Functions (IAFs) relating crash test criteria with probability of injury, and (iv), construction of a computer package to optimise design. The project commenced in January 1998 and work has progressed on a number of the research tasks. It is expected to be of significant benefit to all international car manufacturers in their attempts to improve side Impact Protection. In addition, the Federal Office of Road Safety will be able to use these findings to help in the development of a single enhanced side Impact standard world-wide. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see IRRD abstract no. E200232.
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Side Impact Protection: occupants in the far-side seat
International Journal of Crashworthiness, 1998Co-Authors: Richard Stolinski, Raphael H Grzebieta, Brian N FildesAbstract:Abstract Much of the applied vehicle side Impact occupant Protection research to date has concentrated on occupants seated beside the struck side of vehicles. These occupants are defined as ‘near-side occupants’. Regulatory side Impact test standards focus exclusively on this scenario. Real world crash evidence however has shown that occupants seated on the side away from the struck side, defined as ‘far-side occupants’, are still subject to a risk of injury. Relatively little research literature is available that addresses the Protection of far-side occupants. Existing three-pint seat belt restraint systems were primarily designed for frontal Impacts. Consequently, there is an inability for these systems to perform as effectively under lateral loading, compared to longitudinal loading. This is particularly the case for far-side occupant restraints, where the occupant's upper tom has often been observed to slip out from under the sash part of the seat belt system. This paper examines side Impact epidemiol...
Jung Hyun Park - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Developing Fall-Impact Protection Pad with 3D Mesh Curved Surface Structure using 3D Printing Technology.
Polymers, 2019Co-Authors: Jung Hyun Park, Jeong Ran LeeAbstract:In this study, we present the development of fall-Impact Protection pads for elderly people using three-dimensional (3D) printing technology. To develop fall-Impact Protection clothing, it is important to maintain the functionality of the Protection pad while ensuring that its effectiveness and appearance remain optimal in the process of inserting it. Therefore, this study explores the benefit of exploiting 3D scan data of the human body using 3D printing technology to develop a fall-Impact Protection pad that is highly suited to the human body shape. The purpose of this study was to present a 3D modeling process for creating curved protective pads comprising a hexagonal mesh with a spacer fabric structure and to verify the Impact Protection performance by printing curved pads. To this end, we set up a section that includes pads in the 3D human body scan data and extracted body surface information to be applied in the generation of the pad surface. The sheet-shaped hexagonal mesh structure was cut and separated according to the pad outline, and then deformed according to the curved surface of the human body. The pads were printed, and their Protection performance was evaluated; a 79.2–81.8% reduction in Impact force was observed compared to similar cases in which the pads were not used.
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Development and Evaluation of Fall Impact Protection Pads Using Additive Manufacturing
Materials, 2019Co-Authors: Jung Hyun Park, Hee-kyeong Jung, Jeong Ran LeeAbstract:This paper presents the development and evaluation of fall-Impact Protection pants for elderly women using additive manufacturing. The protective pants were designed incorporating a protective pad in the hip area to reduce the Impact of falls on the human body. The protective pad is a 3D mesh structure with a curved surface to fit the human body. Pads printed with flexible thermoplastic polyurethane were combined with foam to create the final pad. The Impact-absorbing performance of the pad was verified through physical Impact experiments. When dropping a bowling ball onto the protective pad from heights of 15, 20, and 25 cm, the protective pad was found to reduce the Impact force by more than 82% in all cases. The Impact force was less than the average fracture threshold of 3472 N. A subject group and an expert group evaluated the appearance, pad characteristics, motion functionality, and the wearability of the Protection pants. Despite the insertion of a pad, the pants appeared natural and had a good fit. The pads were evaluated as being well-designed in terms of their position, shape, area, thickness, weight, flexibility, ease of insertion, and ease of use. Users were comfortable performing various motions when wearing the designed protective clothing. Therefore, this work can be considered to have developed protective clothing that provides satisfactory Impact-Protection performance and comfort thereby advancing the possibility of applying additive manufacturing to the creation of functional garments.
Michael Grinberg - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A Pre-Crash System for Side-Impact Protection
Vision zero international, 2009Co-Authors: Joachim Tandler, Eric Zimmerman, Vlad Radu Muntean, Tobiaz Melz, Björn Seipel, Thorsten Koch, Dieter Willersinn, Michael GrinbergAbstract:Among automobile collisions, side Impacts are among the most serious. By using a pre-crash sensing system researched under the auspices of the Advanced Protection Systems (APROSYS) Sub-Project 6, however, valuable active technology deployment time can be gained by assessing likely side-Impact severity before its occurrence. The authors focus on the pre-crash sensing system, including its radar network, stereo video system, fusion system, decision module, and actuator system; as well as the side-Impact Protection system, including its SMA reversible actuator and structural door-seat coupling.
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A new pre-crash system for side Impact Protection
International Journal of Crashworthiness, 2008Co-Authors: J. Tandler, Eric Zimmerman, Björn Seipel, Dieter Willersinn, Michael Grinberg, Muntean, Tom Koch, Christian Mayer, M DiezAbstract:Sub-project 6 of the European Integrated Project APROSYS, implemented within the 6th Framework Programme, has developed an integrated safety system for side Impact Protection. For this, two different innovative technologies have been applied for the first time as a technology showcase in a car: shape memory alloy based actuators and a pre-crash sensing subsystem using radar and stereo-vision observing the side of a vehicle. Several technical challenges had to be met during development work. The sensing subsystem detects an imminent collision and decides about the probability of a collision. It activates the actuator before the crash occurs in order to reduce intrusion into the passenger compartment. This article describes the sensing subsystem, the actuator subsystem and finally the testing programme that was executed to evaluate the complete system.
