The Experts below are selected from a list of 32550 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
N Maxted - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
estimating in Situ Conservation costs of zambian crop wild relatives under alternative Conservation goals
Land Use Policy, 2019Co-Authors: Joana Magos Brehm, N Maxted, Warwick Wainwright, Adam G Drucker, Dickson Nguni, Dominic MoranAbstract:Abstract Crop wild relatives (CWR) are a globally threatened group of plants, harbouring valuable genes that are sometimes used to enhance commercial crop varieties and landraces. A lack of recognition in national planning for biodiversity Conservation has resulted in inadequate CWR Conservation strategies, particularly in Situ. There is little information on in Situ Conservation costs, and this paper uses a payment for agrobiodiversity Conservation services (PACS) approach to estimate the in Situ costs of conserving CWR in Zambia, where 30 CWR have been prioritised for Conservation (of which nine are present in our sample). Competitive tender bid offers were elicited from farmers willing to accept compensation for providing a CWR Conservation service. Using data from 26 communities we determined the on-farm cost of conserving CWR, specifically in field margins/borders. Heterogeneity was evident in farmer bid offers, suggesting discriminatory price mechanisms can potentially deliver cost savings over uniform payment rules. Selection of bid offers under four different Conservation goals using a binary linear programming (BLP) model reveals Conservation costs ranging from US$ 23 to 91/ha per year. An untargeted area goal provided a least-cost procurement of Conservation services ($ 2.3 k per year), followed by a targeted area goal ($ 5.9 k per year). The cost of selecting Conservation sites increased when other constraints were added to the BLP model, including those concerning social equity ($ 6.4 k per year), and diversity ($ 9.2 k per year) goals. Overall, the findings suggest the use of competitive tenders, coupled with CWR data and BLP modelling, can potentially add much to improve the efficiency of in Situ CWR Conservation.
-
prioritising in Situ Conservation of crop resources a case study of african cowpea vigna unguiculata
Scientific Reports, 2015Co-Authors: Camile Moray, E T Game, N MaxtedAbstract:Conserving crop wild relatives (CWR) is critical for maintaining food security. However, CWR-focused Conservation plans are lacking, and are often based on the entire genus, even though only a few taxa are useful for crop improvement. We used taxonomic and geographic prioritisation to identify the best locations for in Situ Conservation of the most important (priority) CWR, using African cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) as a case study. Cowpea is an important crop for subsistence farmers in sub-Saharan Africa, yet its CWR are under-collected, under-conserved and under-utilised in breeding. We identified the most efficient sites to focus in Situ cowpea CWR Conservation and assessed whether priority CWR would be adequately represented in a genus-based Conservation plan. We also investigated whether priority cowpea CWR are likely to be found in existing Conservation areas and in areas important for mammal Conservation. The genus-based method captured most priority CWR, and the distributions of many priority CWR overlapped with established Conservation reserves and targets. These results suggest that priority cowpea CWR can be conserved by building on Conservation initiatives established for other species.
-
plant genetic Conservation the in Situ approach
1997Co-Authors: N Maxted, V Fordlloyd, J G HawkesAbstract:Preface. List of Acronyms and Abbreviations Used in the Text. Part One: introduction. 1. The Conservation of Botanical Diversity G.T. Prance. 2. Complementary Conservation Strategies N. Maxted, et al. Part Two: Theory and Practice of in Situ Conservation. 3. Selection of Target Taxa N. Maxted, J.G. Hawkes. 4. Ecogeographic Surveys N. Maxted, L. Guarino. 5. Technical and Political Factor Constraining Reserve Placement J.T. Williams. 6. Plant Population Genetics M.J. Lawrence, D.F. Marshall. 7. Plant Population Ecology M. Gillman. 8. Reserve Design J.G. Hawkes, et al. 9. Management and Monitoring N. Maxted, et al. 10. Locally Based Crop Plant Conservation C.O. Qualset, et al. 11. Genetic Conservation information Management B.V. Ford-Lloyd, N. Maxted. 12. Estimation of Genetic Diversity H.J. Newbury, B.V. Ford-Lloyd. 13. Conserving the Genetic Resources of Trees in Situ P. Kanowski, D. Boshier. 14. integrating Plant and insect Conservation V. Keesing, S.D. Wratten. Part Three: Case Studies. 15. The Ammiad Experiment Y. Anikster, et al. 16. in Situ Conservation of Genetic Diversity in Turkey A. Ertug Firat, A. Tan. 17. Genetic Conservation: a Role for Rice Farmers M.R. Bellon, et al. 18. Ethiopian in Situ Conservation M. Worede. 19. Peruvian in Situ Conservation of Andean Crops R. Ortega. 20. Central Asian in Situ Conservation of Wild Relatives of Cultivated Plants N. Lunyova, T. Ulyanova. 21. Plant Conservation in Situ for Disease Resistance A. Dinoor, N. Eshed. Part Four: Discussion. 22. A Practical Model for in Situ Genetic Conservation N. Maxted, et al. 24. Towards the Future G.C. Hawtin, T. Hodgkin. References. index.
Toby Hodgkin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
in Situ Conservation of crop wild relatives: status and trends
Biodiversity & Conservation, 2004Co-Authors: Brien A. Meilleur, Toby HodgkinAbstract:Recognized as a priority three decades ago, in Situ Conservation of crop wild relatives has developed theoretical and methodological focus and achieved significant on-the-ground progress in the last 10 years, most notably under the impetus of the plant genetic resources community. Literature and internet searches and interviews with experts were undertaken as a basis for reviewing the current status and trends of this effort worldwide. Country-by-country summaries on in Situ crop wild relatives Conservation activities are presented, and recommendations are made for future action. Principal recommendations include ‘flagging’ of appropriate taxa as crop wild relatives in botanical and Conservation databases, undertaking gap analyses to locate crop wild relatives hotspots, and enhancing cooperation between the plant genetic resources and plant Conservation communities.
Yunyue Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
asymmetric gene flow between traditional and hybrid rice varieties oryza sativa indicated by nuclear simple sequence repeats and implications for germplasm Conservation
New Phytologist, 2004Co-Authors: Jun Rong, Hui Xia, Youyong Zhu, Yunyue WangAbstract:Summary • Mixed-planting of traditional and hybrid rice (Oryza sativa) varieties is an ecological approach for rice disease control and yield increase, in addition to its effective role in in Situ Conservation of traditional rice varieties. To estimate gene flow between traditional and hybrid rice varieties, an experiment involving Huangkenuo and Shanyou-63 was conducted to allow free gene flow by mixed-planting of the two varieties in different cultivation patterns. • A simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker RM167 was used to detect natural hybrids between the two varieties by examining seeds collected randomly from both varieties in the experiment. • The result showed an extremely low number of hybrids between the two varieties with an average frequency of 0.04% in Huangkenuo and 0.18% in Shanyou-63. • It is concluded that no significant gene flow occurs naturally between Huangkenuo and Shanyou-63, and that crop diversity management is a proper means for in Situ Conservation of traditional rice varieties. It is also implied that the potential transgene flow from transgenic hybrid rice to traditional rice variety would be extremely low.
Fernandes, Rebeca Catanio - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Regeneration and in Situ Conservation of jelly palm (Butia odorata, Arecaceae) genetic resources
'Revista Brasileira de Hematologia e Hemoterapia (RBHH)', 2018Co-Authors: Fernandes, Rebeca CatanioAbstract:Butia odorata is a palm tree from the Arecaceae family, which is part of the identity and culture of southern Brazil. With the significant decrease of areas where there were jelly palm groves and the difficulty related to the regeneration of this species, it is in threat of extinction. The Conservation of these remaining areas can be considered the key element for the recovery and maintenance of the still existing palm groves. This work had the general objective of contributing to the advancement of knowledge related to the regeneration and in Situ Conservation of B. odorata genetic resources. The specific objectives were to evaluate a production of fruits and seeds; to evaluate the B. odorata seed bank in the soil in Conservation area of palm groves in the Pampa Biome; monitoring regeneration of palm grove under different livestock management practices. The study was developed in a well conserved in Situ palm grove, at Tapes (RS State, Brazil). in March 2017, total bunch weight, number of fruits per bunch, fruit color, fruit format, weight of 50 fruits, weight of 50 fruit pulp, weight of 50 endocarps, number of seeds per fruit, height and diameter of the fruits were evaluated. The endocarps in soil were collected in samples from different areas of the palm grove considering presence and absence of cattle. The regeneration of palm grove was monitored under different grazing management practices: extensive cattle grazing, intermittent grazing and exclusion of cattle. in the autumn of 2017, the number of new palms, stature of these plants when presented pinned leaves and height of the herbaceous vegetation were evaluated in six plots of 400m2. The fruit traits variability was evidenced. The total weight of bunches varied from 1.85kg to 13.51kg. Most of the endocarps found in the soil samples were damaged or with unviable seeds. The plot with grazing exclusion had a higher number of juvenile palms, but these were already present there when the area was excluded. in the intermittent grazing management plot, which is the exclusion of grazing in the coldest months of the year in which the germination of the jelly palm seeds usually occurs, a higher number of small young palms was observed, showing a significant palm grove regeneration. The results indicate that the process of palm grove regeneration is occurring and its success depends on the type of management adopted.Sem bolsaButia odorata é uma palmeira da família Arecaceae, que faz parte da identidade e cultura do sul do Brasil. Com a expressiva diminuição de áreas onde existiam butiazais e a dificuldade encontrada em relação à regeneração dessa espécie, ela se encontra em ameaça de extinção. A conservação dessas áreas remanescentes pode ser considerada o elemento chave para a recuperação e manutenção dos butiazais ainda existentes. Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo geral de contribuir para o avanço do conhecimento relacionado à regeneração e conservação in Situ de recursos genéticos de B. odorata. Os objetivos específicos foram avaliar a produção de frutos e sementes; avaliar o banco de sementes de B. odorata no solo em área de conservação in Situ de butiazais no Bioma Pampa; e realizar um monitoramento da regeneração do butiazal sob diferentes práticas de manejo da pecuária. As atividades foram realizadas em uma área de conservação in Situ de butiazais no município de Tapes (RS). Em março de 2017 foi avaliado peso total do cacho, número de frutos por cacho, cor dos frutos, formato dos frutos, peso de 50 frutos, peso da polpa de 50 frutos, peso de 50 endocarpos, número de sementes por fruto, altura e diâmetro dos frutos. Foram coletados os endocarpos presentes em amostras de solos de diferentes áreas do butiazal com e sem a presença de gado. Foi realizado um monitoramento para verificar a regeneração do butiazal em locais com diferentes práticas de manejo da pecuária: pecuária extensiva, pecuária com manejo conservativo para a regeneração dos butiazais e exclusão de pastejo. No outono de 2017 foi avaliado o número de novos butiazeiros, a estatura dessas plantas quando apresentavam folhas pinadas e altura da vegetação herbácea, em seis parcelas de 400m². Foi evidenciada variabilidade para os caracteres de fruto avaliados. O peso total de cacho variou desde 1,85kg até 13,51kg. A maioria dos endocarpos encontrados nas amostras de solo estava danificada, ou com sementes totalmente inviáveis. A parcela com exclusão de pastejo apresentou maior número de butiazeiros jovens, mas esses já poderiam estar no local quando a área selecionada foi excluída. Na parcela de manejo conservativo, que consiste na exclusão de pastejo nos meses mais frios do ano em que ocorre normalmente a germinação das sementes de butiá, foi observado um maior número de butiazeiros menores, mostrando uma regeneração significativa. Os resultados obtidos indicam que o processo de regeneração do butiazal está ocorrendo e que seu sucesso depende do tipo de manejo adotado
-
Regeneration and in Situ Conservation of jelly palm (Butia odorata, Arecaceae) genetic resources
'Revista Brasileira de Hematologia e Hemoterapia (RBHH)', 2018Co-Authors: Fernandes, Rebeca CatanioAbstract:Butia odorata is a palm tree from the Arecaceae family, which is part of the identity and culture of southern Brazil. With the significant decrease of areas where there were jelly palm groves and the difficulty related to the regeneration of this species, it is in threat of extinction. The Conservation of these remaining areas can be considered the key element for the recovery and maintenance of the still existing palm groves. This work had the general objective of contributing to the advancement of knowledge related to the regeneration and in Situ Conservation of B. odorata genetic resources. The specific objectives were to evaluate a production of fruits and seeds; to evaluate the B. odorata seed bank in the soil in Conservation area of palm groves in the Pampa Biome; monitoring regeneration of palm grove under different livestock management practices. The study was developed in a well conserved in Situ palm grove, at Tapes (RS State, Brazil). in March 2017, total bunch weight, number of fruits per bunch, fruit color, fruit format, weight of 50 fruits, weight of 50 fruit pulp, weight of 50 endocarps, number of seeds per fruit, height and diameter of the fruits were evaluated. The endocarps in soil were collected in samples from different areas of the palm grove considering presence and absence of cattle. The regeneration of palm grove was monitored under different grazing management practices: extensive cattle grazing, intermittent grazing and exclusion of cattle. in the autumn of 2017, the number of new palms, stature of these plants when presented pinned leaves and height of the herbaceous vegetation were evaluated in six plots of 400m2. The fruit traits variability was evidenced. The total weight of bunches varied from 1.85kg to 13.51kg. Most of the endocarps found in the soil samples were damaged or with unviable seeds. The plot with grazing exclusion had a higher number of juvenile palms, but these were already present there when the area was excluded. in the intermittent grazing management plot, which is the exclusion of grazing in the coldest months of the year in which the germination of the jelly palm seeds usually occurs, a higher number of small young palms was observed, showing a significant palm grove regeneration. The results indicate that the process of palm grove regeneration is occurring and its success depends on the type of management adopted.Butia odorata é uma palmeira da família Arecaceae, que faz parte da identidade e cultura do sul do Brasil. Com a expressiva diminuição de áreas onde existiam butiazais e a dificuldade encontrada em relação à regeneração dessa espécie, ela se encontra em ameaça de extinção. A conservação dessas áreas remanescentes pode ser considerada o elemento chave para a recuperação e manutenção dos butiazais ainda existentes. Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo geral de contribuir para o avanço do conhecimento relacionado à regeneração e conservação in Situ de recursos genéticos de B. odorata. Os objetivos específicos foram avaliar a produção de frutos e sementes; avaliar o banco de sementes de B. odorata no solo em área de conservação in Situ de butiazais no Bioma Pampa; e realizar um monitoramento da regeneração do butiazal sob diferentes práticas de manejo da pecuária. As atividades foram realizadas em uma área de conservação in Situ de butiazais no município de Tapes (RS). Em março de 2017 foi avaliado peso total do cacho, número de frutos por cacho, cor dos frutos, formato dos frutos, peso de 50 frutos, peso da polpa de 50 frutos, peso de 50 endocarpos, número de sementes por fruto, altura e diâmetro dos frutos. Foram coletados os endocarpos presentes em amostras de solos de diferentes áreas do butiazal com e sem a presença de gado. Foi realizado um monitoramento para verificar a regeneração do butiazal em locais com diferentes práticas de manejo da pecuária: pecuária extensiva, pecuária com manejo conservativo para a regeneração dos butiazais e exclusão de pastejo. No outono de 2017 foi avaliado o número de novos butiazeiros, a estatura dessas plantas quando apresentavam folhas pinadas e altura da vegetação herbácea, em seis parcelas de 400m². Foi evidenciada variabilidade para os caracteres de fruto avaliados. O peso total de cacho variou desde 1,85kg até 13,51kg. A maioria dos endocarpos encontrados nas amostras de solo estava danificada, ou com sementes totalmente inviáveis. A parcela com exclusão de pastejo apresentou maior número de butiazeiros jovens, mas esses já poderiam estar no local quando a área selecionada foi excluída. Na parcela de manejo conservativo, que consiste na exclusão de pastejo nos meses mais frios do ano em que ocorre normalmente a germinação das sementes de butiá, foi observado um maior número de butiazeiros menores, mostrando uma regeneração significativa. Os resultados obtidos indicam que o processo de regeneração do butiazal está ocorrendo e que seu sucesso depende do tipo de manejo adotado
Yêyinou Laura Estelle Loko - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
On-Farm Management of Rice Diversity, Varietal Preference Criteria, and Farmers’ Perceptions of the African (Oryza glaberrima Steud.) Versus Asian Rice (Oryza sativa L.) in the Republic of Benin (West Africa): Implications for Breeding and Conservation
Economic Botany, 2021Co-Authors: Yêyinou Laura Estelle Loko, Eben-ezer Ewedje, Azize Orobiyi, Gustave Djedatin, Joelle Toffa, Chalemagne D.s.j. Gbemavo, Cyrille Tchakpa, Dieudonné Gavoedo, Paulin Sedah, François SabotAbstract:Rice ( Oryza spp.) is an important food and cash crop in the Republic of Benin. However, despite its production increase in recent years, the yield of cultivated varieties remains low, and the introduction of improved varieties threatens the rice diversity existing in traditional agriculture. Therefore, documenting the on-farm management of rice diversity, farmers’ varietal preferences, and their perceptions of the performance of cultivated varieties and species are important prerequisites for the development of on-site breeding and Conservation programs. To fill these gaps in Benin, 418 rice farmers, belonging to 21 ethnic groups, were surveyed in 39 villages using participatory rural appraisal tools. Subject to synonymy, 30 improved varieties and 68 local varieties were registered and their folk nomenclature and taxonomy were documented. The north of Benin had the highest diversity of rice with the greatest number of traditional varieties, making this region the best place for an in Situ Conservation program. The number of rice varieties maintained per village varied from 1 to 15 (six on average). The foursquare analysis revealed that the improved variety IR 841 was by far the most popular variety. Most of NERICA varieties were abandoned in the south, while the north still hosts a wide range of local varieties. Twenty-one reasons explained varietal abandonment by farmers, varying according to geographic areas and ethnic groups. The seed system was both formal and informal in the study area. The participatory evaluation revealed the necessity to create and introduce tolerant/resistant rice varieties to drought and flooding stresses in Beninese agriculture that meet farmers’ preferences. Our results showed that north Benin would be the most suitable place for in Situ Conservation of local rice diversity.
-
On-farm management of rice diversity, varietal preference criteria, and farmers' perceptions of the African (Oryza glaberrima Steud.) versus Asian rice (Oryza sativa L.) in the Republic of Benin (West Africa): implications for breeding and Conservation
'Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH', 2021Co-Authors: Yêyinou Laura Estelle Loko, Eben-ezer Ewedje, Azize Orobiyi, Gustave Djedatin, Joelle Toffa, Chalemagne D.s.j. Gbemavo, Cyrille Tchakpa, Paulin Sedah, Gavoedo Dieudonné, Sabot FrancoisAbstract:international audienceRice (Oryza spp.) is an important food and cash crop in the Republic of Benin. However, despite its production increase during the recent years, the yield of cultivated varieties remains low, and the introduction of improved varieties threatens the rice diversity existing in the traditional agriculture. Therefore, documenting the on-farm management of rice diversity, farmers' varietal preferences, and their perceptions of the performance of cultivated varieties and species are important prerequisites for the development of on-site breeding and Conservation programs. To fill these gaps in Benin, 418 rice farmers, belonging to 21 ethnic groups, were surveyed in 39 villages using participatory rural appraisal tools. Subject to synonymy, 30 improved varieties and 2 68 local varieties were registered and their folk nomenclature and taxonomy were documented. The north of Benin had the highest diversity of rice with the greatest number of traditional varieties, making this region the best place for an in Situ Conservation program. The number of rice varieties maintained per village varied from 1 to 15 (six on average). The foursquare analysis revealed that the improved variety IR 841 was by far the most popular variety. Most of NERICA varieties were abandoned in the south, while the north still host a wide range of local varieties. Twenty-one reasons explained varietal abandonment by farmers, varying according to geographic areas and ethnic groups. The seed system was both formal and informal in the study area. The participatory evaluation revealed the necessity to create and introduce tolerant/resistant rice varieties to drought and flooding stresses in Beninese agriculture that meet farmers' preferences. Our results showed that the north Benin would be the most suitable place for in Situ Conservation of local rice diversity
