The Experts below are selected from a list of 267 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Michel M Maharbiz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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recent developments in the remote radio control of Insect Flight
Frontiers in Neuroscience, 2010Co-Authors: Hirotaka Sato, Michel M MaharbizAbstract:The continuing miniaturization of digital circuits and the development of low power radio systems coupled with continuing studies into the neurophysiology and dynamics of Insect Flight are enabling a new class of implantable interfaces capable of controlling Insects in free Flight for extended periods. We provide context for these developments, review the state-of-the-art and discuss future directions in this field.
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remote radio control of Insect Flight
Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience, 2009Co-Authors: Hirotaka Sato, Christopher W Berry, Yoav Peeri, Emen Baghoomian, Brendan E Casey, G Lavella, John M Vandenbrooks, Jon F Harrison, Michel M MaharbizAbstract:We demonstrated the remote control of Insects in free Flight via an implantable radio-equipped miniature neural stimulating system. The pronotum mounted system consisted of neural stimulators, muscular stimulators, a radio transceiver-equipped microcontroller and a microbattery. Flight initiation, cessation and elevation control were accomplished through neural stimulus of the brain which elicited, suppressed or modulated wing oscillation. Turns were triggered through the direct muscular stimulus of either of the basalar muscles. We characterized the response times, success rates, and free-Flight trajectories elicited by our neural control systems in remotely-controlled beetles. We believe this type of technology will open the door to in-Flight perturbation and recording of Insect Flight responses.
Jane Z Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Insect Flight from newton s law to neurons
Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics, 2016Co-Authors: Jane Z WangAbstract:Why do animals move the way they do? Bacteria, Insects, birds, and fish share with us the necessity to move so as to live. Although each organism follows its own evolutionary course, it also obeys a set of common laws. At the very least, the movement of animals, like that of planets, is governed by Newton’s law: All things fall. On Earth, most things fall in air or water, and their motions are thus subject to the laws of hydrodynamics. Through trial and error, animals have found ways to interact with fluid so they can float, drift, swim, sail, glide, soar, and fly. This elementary struggle to escape the fate of falling shapes the development of motors, sensors, and mind. Perhaps we can deduce parts of their neural computations by understanding what animals must do so as not to fall. Here I discuss recent developments along this line of inquiry in the case of Insect Flight. Asking how often a fly must sense its orientation in order to balance in air has shed new light on the role of motor neurons and steering muscles responsible for Flight stability.
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predicting fruit fly s sensing rate with Insect Flight simulations
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2014Co-Authors: Song Chang, Jane Z WangAbstract:Without sensory feedback, flies cannot fly. Exactly how various feedback controls work in Insects is a complex puzzle to solve. What do Insects measure to stabilize their Flight? How often and how fast must Insects adjust their wings to remain stable? To gain insights into algorithms used by Insects to control their dynamic instability, we develop a simulation tool to study free Flight. To stabilize Flight, we construct a control algorithm that modulates wing motion based on discrete measurements of the body-pitch orientation. Our simulations give theoretical bounds on both the sensing rate and the delay time between sensing and actuation. Interpreting our findings together with experimental results on fruit flies’ reaction time and sensory motor reflexes, we conjecture that fruit flies sense their kinematic states every wing beat to stabilize their Flight. We further propose a candidate for such a control involving the fly’s haltere and first basalar motor neuron. Although we focus on fruit flies as a case study, the framework for our simulation and discrete control algorithms is applicable to studies of both natural and man-made fliers.
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passive wing pitch reversal in Insect Flight
Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 2007Co-Authors: Attila J Bergou, Jane Z WangAbstract:Wing pitch reversal, the rapid change of angle of attack near stroke transition, represents a difference between hovering with flapping wings and with a continuously rotating blade (e.g. helicopter Flight). Although Insects have the musculature to control the wing pitch during Flight, we show here that aerodynamic and wing inertia forces are sufficient to pitch the wing without the aid of the muscles. We study the passive nature of wing pitching in several observed wing kinematics, including the wing motion of a tethered dragonfly, Libellula pulchella, hovering fruitfly, hovering hawkmoth and simplified dragonfly hovering kinematics. To determine whether the pitching is passive, we calculate rotational power about the torsion axis owing to aerodynamic and wing inertial forces. This is done using both direct numerical simulations and quasi-steady fluid force models. We find that, in all the cases studied here, the net rotational power is negative, signifying that the fluid force assists rather than resists the wing pitching. To further understand the generality of these results, we use the quasi-steady force model to analyse the effect of the components of the fluid forces at pitch reversal, and predict the conditions under which the wing pitch reversal is passive. These results suggest the pitching motion of the wings can be passive in Insect Flight.
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energy minimizing kinematics in hovering Insect Flight
Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 2007Co-Authors: Gordon J Berman, Jane Z WangAbstract:We investigate aspects of hovering Insect Flight by finding the optimal wing kinematics which minimize power consumption while still providing enough lift to maintain a time-averaged constant altitude over one flapping period. In particular, we study the Flight of three Insects whose masses vary by approximately three orders of magnitude: fruitfly (Drosophila melanogaster), bumblebee (Bombus terrestris), and hawkmoth (Manduca sexta). Here, we model an Insect wing as a rigid body with three rotational degrees of freedom. The aerodynamic forces are modelled via a quasi-steady model of a thin plate interacting with the surrounding fluid. The advantage of this model, as opposed to the more computationally costly method of direct numerical simulation via computational fluid dynamics, is that it allows us to perform optimization procedures and detailed sensitivity analyses which require many cost function evaluations. The optimal solutions are found via a hybrid optimization algorithm combining aspects of a genetic algorithm and a gradient-based optimizer. We find that the results of this optimization yield kinematics which are qualitatively and quantitatively similar to previously observed data. We also perform sensitivity analyses on parameters of the optimal kinematics to gain insight into the values of the observed optima. Additionally, we find that all of the optimal kinematics found here maintain the same leading edge throughout the stroke, as is the case for nearly all Insect wing motions. We show that this type of stroke takes advantage of a passive wing rotation in which aerodynamic forces help to reverse the wing pitch, similar to the turning of a free-falling leaf.
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dissecting Insect Flight
Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, 2005Co-Authors: Jane Z WangAbstract:▪ Abstract “What force does an Insect wing generate?” Finding answers to this enduring question is an essential step toward our understanding of interactions of moving objects with fluids that enable most living species such as Insects, birds, and fish to travel efficiently and us to follow similar suit with sails, oars, and airfoils. We give a brief history of research in Insect Flight and discuss recent findings in unsteady aerodynamics of flapping Flight at intermediate range Reynolds numbers (10–104). In particular, we examine the unsteady mechanisms in uniform and accelerated motions, forward and hovering Flight, as well as passive Flight of free-falling objects. The results obtained by “taking the Insects apart” helped us to resolve previous puzzles about the force estimates in hovering Insects, to ellucidate basic mechanisms essential to flapping Flight, and to gain insights about the efficieny of Flight.
Hao Liu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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integrated modeling of Insect Flight from morphology kinematics to aerodynamics
Journal of Computational Physics, 2009Co-Authors: Hao LiuAbstract:An integrated and rigorous model for the simulation of Insect flapping Flight is addressed. The method is very versatile, easily integrating the modeling of realistic wing-body morphology, realistic flapping-wing and body kinematics, and unsteady aerodynamics in Insect Flight. A morphological model is built based on an effective differential geometric method for reconstructing geometry of and a specific grid generator for the wings and body; and a kinematic model is constructed capable to mimic the realistic wing-body kinematics of flapping Flight. A fortified FVM-based NS solver for dynamically moving multi-blocked, overset-grid systems is developed and verified to be self-consistent by a variety of benchmark tests; and evaluation of flapping energetics is established on inertial and aerodynamic forces, torques and powers. Validation of this integrated Insect dynamic Flight simulator is achieved by comparisons of aerodynamic force-production with measurements in terms of the time-varying and mean lift and drag forces. Results for three typical Insect hovering Flights (hawkmoth, honeybee and fruitfly) over a wide rang of Reynolds numbers from O(10^2) to O(10^4) demonstrate its feasibility in accurately modeling and quantitatively evaluating the unsteady aerodynamic mechanisms in Insect flapping Flight.
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a numerical study of Insect Flight
Journal of Computational Physics, 1998Co-Authors: Hao Liu, Keiji KawachiAbstract:A numerical modeling of Insect Flight is addressed. Unsteady aerodynamics around a flapping wing is studied by using a time accurate solution of the three-dimensional, incompressible, laminar Navier?Stokes equations. A moth's forewing and hindwing are modeled, which can mimic the three-dimensional movements of a realistic flapping wing. Validation of the method is first verified by two extensive numerical tests, which involve comparisons with the experimental and numerical results available. Results are then presented for a hawkmoth's wing undergoing hovering Flight and discussed by comparing these with the smoke-visualized flows around a manmade flapper, which validates the computational model and demonstrates the feasibility of this numerical approach on analyzing fluid dynamics phenomena in Insect Flight.
Hirotaka Sato - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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recent developments in the remote radio control of Insect Flight
Frontiers in Neuroscience, 2010Co-Authors: Hirotaka Sato, Michel M MaharbizAbstract:The continuing miniaturization of digital circuits and the development of low power radio systems coupled with continuing studies into the neurophysiology and dynamics of Insect Flight are enabling a new class of implantable interfaces capable of controlling Insects in free Flight for extended periods. We provide context for these developments, review the state-of-the-art and discuss future directions in this field.
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remote radio control of Insect Flight
Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience, 2009Co-Authors: Hirotaka Sato, Christopher W Berry, Yoav Peeri, Emen Baghoomian, Brendan E Casey, G Lavella, John M Vandenbrooks, Jon F Harrison, Michel M MaharbizAbstract:We demonstrated the remote control of Insects in free Flight via an implantable radio-equipped miniature neural stimulating system. The pronotum mounted system consisted of neural stimulators, muscular stimulators, a radio transceiver-equipped microcontroller and a microbattery. Flight initiation, cessation and elevation control were accomplished through neural stimulus of the brain which elicited, suppressed or modulated wing oscillation. Turns were triggered through the direct muscular stimulus of either of the basalar muscles. We characterized the response times, success rates, and free-Flight trajectories elicited by our neural control systems in remotely-controlled beetles. We believe this type of technology will open the door to in-Flight perturbation and recording of Insect Flight responses.
Dorothee Reinhard - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Recent Insights from Radar Studies of Insect Flight
Annual Review of Entomology, 2011Co-Authors: Jason W Chapman, V Alistair Drake, Don R Reynolds, M.e O'neal, Doug A. Landis, Edward Rothwell, Leo Kempel, Dorothee ReinhardAbstract:Radar has been used to study Insects in Flight for over 40 years and has helped to establish the ubiquity of several migration phenomena: dawn, morning, and dusk takeoffs; approximate downwind transport; concentration at wind convergences; layers in stable nighttime atmospheres; and nocturnal common orientation. Two novel radar designs introduced in the late 1990s have significantly enhanced observing capabilities. Radar-based research now encompasses foraging as well as migration and is increasingly focused on Flight behavior and the environmental cues influencing it. Migrant moths have been shown to employ sophisticated orientation and height-selection strategies that maximize displacements in seasonally appropriate directions; they appear to have an internal compass and to respond to turbulence features in the airflow. Tracks of foraging Insects demonstrate compensation for wind drift and use of optimal search paths to locate resources. Further improvements to observing capabilities, and employment in operational as well as research roles, appear feasible.