The Experts below are selected from a list of 70902 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Angela E. Douglas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Strategies for Enhanced Crop Resistance to Insect Pests
Annual review of plant biology, 2017Co-Authors: Angela E. DouglasAbstract:Insect Pests are responsible for substantial crop losses worldwide through direct damage and transmission of plant diseases, and novel approaches that complement or replace broad-spectrum chemical Insecticides will facilitate the sustainable intensification of food production in the coming decades. Multiple strategies for improved crop resistance to Insect Pests, especially strategies relating to plant secondary metabolism and immunity and microbiome science, are becoming available. Recent advances in metabolic engineering of plant secondary chemistry offer the promise of specific toxicity or deterrence to Insect Pests; improved understanding of plant immunity against Insects provides routes to optimize plant defenses against Insects; and the microbiomes of Insect Pests can be exploited, either as a target or as a vehicle for delivery of Insecticidal agents. Implementation of these advances will be facilitated by ongoing advances in plant breeding and genetic technologies.
Avinash Ingle - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Role of nanotechnology in agriculture with special reference to management of Insect Pests
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2012Co-Authors: Avinash IngleAbstract:Nanotechnology is a promising field of interdisciplinary research. It opens up a wide array of opportunities in various fields like medicine, pharmaceuticals, electronics and agriculture. The potential uses and benefits of nanotechnology are enormous. These include Insect Pests management through the formulations of nanomaterials-based pesticides and Insecticides, enhancement of agricultural productivity using bio-conjugated nanoparticles (encapsulation) for slow release of nutrients and water, nanoparticle-mediated gene or DNA transfer in plants for the development of Insect pest-resistant varieties and use of nanomaterials for preparation of different kind of biosensors, which would be useful in remote sensing devices required for precision farming. Traditional strategies like integrated pest management used in agriculture are insufficient, and application of chemical pesticides like DDT have adverse effects on animals and human beings apart from the decline in soil fertility. Therefore, nanotechnology would provide green and efficient alternatives for the management of Insect Pests in agriculture without harming the nature. This review is focused on traditional strategies used for the management of Insect Pests, limitations of use of chemical pesticides and potential of nanomaterials in Insect pest management as modern approaches of nanotechnology.
James Kwasi O Ampofo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Insect Pests of beans in africa their ecology and management
Annual Review of Entomology, 1996Co-Authors: Tsedeke Abate, James Kwasi O AmpofoAbstract:Damage by Insect Pests, inter alia, is considered the liming factor of bean praduction in Africa. This paper reviews the current status of Insect Pests of beans, focusing on their ecology and management, as well as the potential for integrated pest management (IPM) approaches in subsistence farming conditions, under which most beans are grown in Africa. Although numerous Insect Pests attacked parts of beans, bean stem maggots and bruchids are the most important field and storage Pests, respectively. Foliage beetles, flower thrips, pollen beetles, pod borers, pod bugs, and sap suckers such as aphids also inflict signifcant damage. Control of bean Pests in Africa is achieved through the use of a traditional IPM approach that consists of appropriate sowing dates, optimum plant density, varietal mixtures, intercropping, good crop husbandry, and locally available materials. Research should focus on low-input IPM approaches that encompass farmers’ current practices, host-plant resistance, and natural biological...
Matthew J W Cock - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
classical biological control of Insect Pests of trees facts and figures
Biological Invasions, 2017Co-Authors: Mare Kenis, Brett P Hurley, Ann E Hajek, Matthew J W CockAbstract:Classical biological control (CBC) is the introduction of a natural enemy of exotic origin to control a pest, usually also exotic, aiming at permanent control of the pest. CBC has been carried out widely over a variety of target organisms, but most commonly against Insects, using parasitoids and predators and, occasionally, pathogens. Until 2010, 6158 introductions of parasitoids and predators were made against 588 Insect Pests, leading to the control of 172 Pests. About 55% of these introductions were made against Pests of woody plants. Establishment rates of natural enemies and success rates were higher in CBC projects targeting Pests of woody plants than other Pests. This review aims to answer the questions most commonly asked regarding CBC against Insect Pests, with particular emphasis on tree Pests. The topics covered include, among others: variations in rates of successes among different systems, different target Insect groups and different agents; temporal trends in CBC practices and successes; economic and environmental benefits; risks and ways to mitigate the risks; CBC against native Pests; accidental successes through the adoption of the invasive Pests by native natural enemies or accidentally introduced agents; and prospects and constraints for the practice of CBC in the future. Questions are answered based on the analysis of two databases, the BIOCAT2010 database of introductions of Insect biological control agents for the CBC of Insect Pests, and a database of introductions of entomopathogens against Insect Pests.
Rose Mujila Mboya - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
An investigation of the extent of infestation of stored maize by Insect Pests in Rungwe District, Tanzania
Food Security, 2013Co-Authors: Rose Mujila MboyaAbstract:Two hundred and sixty randomly selected subsistence farm households in Katumba ward, Rungwe District, Tanzania, were interviewed regarding methods that they use to prevent or control Insect Pests in stored maize. Maize samples were randomly collected from 130 out of 260 farm households and studied for infestation by Insect Pests, using incubation and inspection methods. About 93 % of the maize samples were found to be infested, either by weevils only (specifically Sitophilus zeamais and S . oryzae ), by moths only (specifically Sitotroga cerealella ), or by both weevils and moths. Both indigenous and improved varieties of maize were infested by the Insect Pests. The Insect population density ranged from 0 to 210 per 120 maize kernels (or 51 g of maize), with an average of 80 Insects per 120 maize kernels and a standard deviation of 51.44, amounting to 1,555 Insects per kg of maize. Methods that farm households used to control the infestation of stored maize by Insect Pests were found to be inadequate. It was concluded that, with such high levels of infestation by Insect Pests, vulnerability of the subsistence farm households to food insecurity was inevitable. It was recommended that the government of Tanzania should make efforts to improve the resistance of maize grown in Rungwe district to Sitophilus and Sitotroga cerealella species, and that the affected farm households be encouraged to embrace new technologies, including genetic improvement of the resistance of maize to Pests.
