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Fusuo Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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maximizing root rhizosphere efficiency to improve crop productivity and nutrient use efficiency in Intensive agriculture of china
Journal of Experimental Botany, 2013Co-Authors: Jianbo Shen, Chunjian Li, Rongfeng Jiang, Guohua Mi, Lixing Yuan, Long Li, Fusuo ZhangAbstract:Root and rhizosphere research has been conducted for many decades, but the underlying strategy of root/rhizosphere processes and management in Intensive Cropping systems remain largely to be determined. Improved grain production to meet the food demand of an increasing population has been highly dependent on chemical fertilizer input based on the traditionally assumed notion of ‘high input, high output’, which results in overuse of fertilizers but ignores the biological potential of roots or rhizosphere for efficient mobilization and acquisition of soil nutrients. Root exploration in soil nutrient resources and root-induced rhizosphere processes plays an important role in controlling nutrient transformation, efficient nutrient acquisition and use, and thus crop productivity. The efficiency of root/ rhizosphere in terms of improved nutrient mobilization, acquisition, and use can be fully exploited by: (1) manipulating root growth (i.e. root development and size, root system architecture, and distribution); (2) regulating rhizosphere processes (i.e. rhizosphere acidification, organic anion and acid phosphatase exudation, localized application of nutrients, rhizosphere interactions, and use of efficient crop genotypes); and (3) optimizing root zone management to synchronize root growth and soil nutrient supply with demand of nutrients in Cropping systems. Experiments have shown that root/rhizosphere management is an effective approach to increase both nutrient use efficiency and crop productivity for sustainable crop production. The objectives of this paper are to summarize the principles of root/ rhizosphere management and provide an overview of some successful case studies on how to exploit the biological potential of root system and rhizosphere processes to improve crop productivity and nutrient use efficiency.
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Ideotype root architecture for efficient nitrogen acquisition by maize in Intensive Cropping systems.
Science China-life Sciences, 2010Co-Authors: Guohua Mi, Lixing Yuan, Fanjun Chen, Qiuping Wu, Fusuo ZhangAbstract:The use of nitrogen (N) fertilizers has contributed to the production of a food supply sufficient for both animals and humans despite some negative environmental impact. Sustaining food production by increasing N use efficiency in Intensive Cropping systems has become a major concern for scientists, environmental groups, and agricultural policymakers worldwide. In high-yielding maize systems the major method of N loss is nitrate leaching. In this review paper, the characteristic of nitrate movement in the soil, N uptake by maize as well as the regulation of root growth by soil N availability are discussed. We suggest that an ideotype root architecture for efficient N acquisition in maize should include (i) deeper roots with high activity that are able to uptake nitrate before it moves downward into deep soil; (ii) vigorous lateral root growth under high N input conditions so as to increase spatial N availability in the soil; and (iii) strong response of lateral root growth to localized nitrogen supply so as to utilize unevenly distributed nitrate especially under limited N conditions.
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interception of residual nitrate from a calcareous alluvial soil profile on the north china plain by deep rooted crops a 15n tracer study
Environmental Pollution, 2007Co-Authors: Q Gao, Peter Christie, Fusuo ZhangAbstract:Abstract 15 N-labeled nitrate was injected into different depths of an alluvial calcareous soil profile on the North China Plain. Subsequent movement of NO 3 − -N and its recovery by deep-rooted maize ( Zea mays L.) and shallow-rooted eggplant ( Solanum melongena L.) were studied. Under conventional water and nutrient management the mean recoveries of 15 N-labeled nitrate from K 15 NO 3 injected at depths 15, 45, and 75 cm were 22.4, 13.8, and 7.8% by maize and 7.9, 4.9, and 2.7% by eggplant. The recovery rate by maize at each soil depth was significantly higher than by eggplant. The deeper the injection of nitrate the smaller the distance of its downward movement and this corresponded with the movement of soil water during crop growth. Deeper rooting crops with high root length density and high water consumption may therefore be grown to utilize high concentrations of residual nitrate in the subsoil from previous Intensive Cropping and to protect the environment.
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changes in the soil environment from excessive application of fertilizers and manures to two contrasting Intensive Cropping systems on the north china plain
Environmental Pollution, 2007Co-Authors: C L Kou, Peter Christie, Zhengxia Dou, Fusuo ZhangAbstract:Abstract Effects of excessive fertilizer and manure applications on the soil environment were compared in greenhouse vegetable systems shifted from wheat–maize rotations 5–15 years previously and in wheat–maize rotations. N, P and K surpluses to the greenhouses were 4328, 1337 and 1466 kg ha −1 year −1 , respectively compared to 346, 65 and −163 kg ha −1 year −1 to wheat–maize fields. Subsequently, substantial mineral N and available P and K accumulated in the soil and leaching occurred down the soil profile in the greenhouses. Soil pH under vegetables was significantly lower than in the wheat–maize fields, while the EC was significantly higher in the vegetable soils. The mean Cd concentration in the vegetable soils was 2.8 times that in the wheat–maize rotations. Due to excessive fertilizer application in greenhouse vegetable production in northeast China, excessive salt and nitrate concentrations may accumulate and soil quality may deteriorate faster than in conventional wheat–maize rotations.
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nitrogen balance and groundwater nitrate contamination comparison among three Intensive Cropping systems on the north china plain
Environmental Pollution, 2006Co-Authors: Xiaotang Ju, Fusuo Zhang, Peter ChristieAbstract:The annual nitrogen (N) budget and groundwater nitrate-N concentrations were studied in the field in three major Intensive Cropping systems in Shandong province, north China. In the greenhouse vegetable systems the annual N inputs from fertilizers, manures and irrigation water were 1358, 1881 and 402 kg N ha−1 on average, representing 2.5, 37.5 and 83.8 times the corresponding values in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–maize (Zea mays L.) rotations and 2.1, 10.4 and 68.2 times the values in apple (Malus pumila Mill.) orchards. The N surplus values were 349, 3327 and 746 kg N ha−1, with residual soil nitrate-N after harvest amounting to 221–275, 1173 and 613 kg N ha−1 in the top 90 cm of the soil profile and 213–242, 1032 and 976 kg N ha−1 at 90–180 cm depth in wheat–maize, greenhouse vegetable and orchard systems, respectively. Nitrate leaching was evident in all three Cropping systems and the groundwater in shallow wells (<15 m depth) was heavily contaminated in the greenhouse vegetable production area, where total N inputs were much higher than crop requirements and the excessive fertilizer N inputs were only about 40% of total N inputs.
Ashim Datta - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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interrelationship of biomass yield carbon input aggregation carbon pools and its sequestration in vertisols under long term sorghum wheat Cropping system in semi arid tropics
Soil & Tillage Research, 2018Co-Authors: Ashim Datta, Biswapati Mandal, Shrikant Badole, Krishna A Chaitanya, Shyam Prasad Majumder, Dhaneshwar Padhan, Nirmalendu Basak, Arijit Barman, Ritesh KunduAbstract:Abstract We investigated dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC) i.e. total soil organic carbon (TOC), oxidisable organic carbon (OC) and its different pools viz. very labile (CVL), labile (CL), less labile (CLL) and non-labile (CNL), and various sized aggregate associated carbon (AAC) and also its sequestration along depth (0-0.15, 0.15-0.30, and 0.30 -0.45 m) in a typical Vertisols under hot semi-arid agro-climatic conditions. Such dynamics were studied under different soil management practices viz., control, NPK (100% recommended doses of N, P and K fertilizers, RDF), NPK + FYM (50% N and whole of the RDF and 50% N through FYM) and fallow using a 28 year old long-term experiment with sorghum (Sorghum bicolour L.) – wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Cropping system. On average, a higher proportion (70% of TOC) of SOC was found in passive pool (less labile + non labile) than active one (very labile + labile) throughout the profile. The proportion of active pool was, however, higher under balanced (NPK) and integrated nutrient management practices (NPK + FYM) over the others followed. Long-term Intensive Cropping with NPK (15.1%) and NPK + FYM (22%) caused a net enrichment in SOC stock over the control. To offset the loss of C and maintain the SOC level, a critical amount of 0.96 Mg C ha−1yr−1 was needed to be incorporated into the soil. Out of the total water stable aggregates (WSA), mesoaggregates (0.25–2.0 mm) predominated (73.6%) followed by micro (16.4%), and macroaggregates (10.7%) at surface soil. Amount of carbon associated with different sized aggregates had the following trend: mesoaggregate (52.3%) > coarse microaggregate (13.7%)> coarse macroaggregate (13.5%)> (silt + clay) sized aggregate (13.1%)> fine microaggregate (12.2%). Balanced fertilization with organics thus provided not only higher yield but also increased C sequestration in Vertisols even with Intensive Cropping of sorghum-wheat system under hot semi-arid conditions.
Laurie E Drinkwater - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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replacing bare fallows with cover crops in fertilizer Intensive Cropping systems a meta analysis of crop yield and n dynamics
Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 2006Co-Authors: Christina Tonitto, Mark B David, Laurie E DrinkwaterAbstract:The availability of Haber-Bosch nitrogen (N) has permitted agricultural intensification and increased the productive capacity of agroecosystems; however, approximately 50% of this applied fertilizer N is lost from agricultural landscapes. Extensive efforts have been devoted to improving the N use efficiency of these systems. Diversified crop rotations using cover crops to provide a variety of ecosystem functions, including biological N fixation (BNF), could maintain yields while reducing N losses. Although leguminous plants used as green manures are capable of fixing N in quantities which exceed cash crop demand, the prospect of replacing significant quantities of Haber-Bosch N with BNF is widely viewed as impractical due to yield reductions. Likewise, the practice of replacing bare fallows with non-leguminous cover crops in systems receiving Haber-Bosch N is generally deemed not economically viable. We conducted a quantitative assessment of cash crop yields and N retention in rotations that implemented these practices. We performed a meta-analysis on experiments comparing crop yield, nitrate leaching, or soil nitrate between conventional (receiving inorganic fertilizer with a winter bare fallow) and diversified systems managed using either a non-legume over-wintering cover crop (amended with inorganic fertilizer) or a legume over-wintering cover crop (no additional N fertilizer). Only studies with rotations designed to produce a cash crop every year were included in our analysis. Many yield comparisons were found in the literature, but only a limited number of nitrate leaching or soil inorganic N studies met the criteria for inclusion in a meta-analysis. Long-term studies were also uncommon, with most data coming from experiments lasting 2‐3 years. Yields under nonlegume cover crop management were not significantly different from those in the conventional, bare fallow systems, while leaching was reduced by 70% on average. Relative to yields following conventional N-fertilization, the legume-fertilized crops averaged 10% lower yields. However, yields under green manure fertilization were not significantly different relative to conventional systems when legume biomass provided � 110 kg N ha � 1 .Onaverage,nitrateleachingwasreducedby40%inlegume-based systemsrelativetoconventionalfertilizer-based systems. Post-harvest soil nitrate status, a measure of potential N loss, was similar in conventional and green manure systems suggesting that reductions in leaching losses were largely due to avoidance of bare fallow periods. These results demonstrate the potential for diversified rotations using N- and non-N-fixing cover crops to maintain crop yields while reducing the anthropogenic contributions to reactive N fluxes. # 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V.
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replacing bare fallows with cover crops in fertilizer Intensive Cropping systems a meta analysis of crop yield and n dynamics
Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 2006Co-Authors: Christina Tonitto, Mark B David, Laurie E DrinkwaterAbstract:The availability of Haber-Bosch nitrogen (N) has permitted agricultural intensification and increased the productive capacity of agroecosystems; however, approximately 50% of this applied fertilizer N is lost from agricultural landscapes. Extensive efforts have been devoted to improving the N use efficiency of these systems. Diversified crop rotations using cover crops to provide a variety of ecosystem functions, including biological N fixation (BNF), could maintain yields while reducing N losses. Although leguminous plants used as green manures are capable of fixing N in quantities which exceed cash crop demand, the prospect of replacing significant quantities of Haber-Bosch N with BNF is widely viewed as impractical due to yield reductions. Likewise, the practice of replacing bare fallows with non-leguminous cover crops in systems receiving Haber-Bosch N is generally deemed not economically viable. We conducted a quantitative assessment of cash crop yields and N retention in rotations that implemented these practices. We performed a meta-analysis on experiments comparing crop yield, nitrate leaching, or soil nitrate between conventional (receiving inorganic fertilizer with a winter bare fallow) and diversified systems managed using either a non-legume over-wintering cover crop (amended with inorganic fertilizer) or a legume over-wintering cover crop (no additional N fertilizer). Only studies with rotations designed to produce a cash crop every year were included in our analysis. Many yield comparisons were found in the literature, but only a limited number of nitrate leaching or soil inorganic N studies met the criteria for inclusion in a meta-analysis. Long-term studies were also uncommon, with most data coming from experiments lasting 2‐3 years. Yields under nonlegume cover crop management were not significantly different from those in the conventional, bare fallow systems, while leaching was reduced by 70% on average. Relative to yields following conventional N-fertilization, the legume-fertilized crops averaged 10% lower yields. However, yields under green manure fertilization were not significantly different relative to conventional systems when legume biomass provided � 110 kg N ha � 1 .Onaverage,nitrateleachingwasreducedby40%inlegume-based systemsrelativetoconventionalfertilizer-based systems. Post-harvest soil nitrate status, a measure of potential N loss, was similar in conventional and green manure systems suggesting that reductions in leaching losses were largely due to avoidance of bare fallow periods. These results demonstrate the potential for diversified rotations using N- and non-N-fixing cover crops to maintain crop yields while reducing the anthropogenic contributions to reactive N fluxes. # 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V.
A K Misra - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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impact of long term application of fertilizer manure and lime under Intensive Cropping on physical properties and organic carbon content of an alfisol
Geoderma, 2008Co-Authors: K M Hati, Anand Swarup, B Mishra, M C Manna, R H Wanjari, K G Mandal, A K MisraAbstract:Abstract Intensive Cropping with conventional tillage results in a decline of soil organic carbon (SOC) with consequent deterioration of soil physical properties. Some studies indicate that this decline in SOC can be arrested by way of organic manure application and improved nutrient management practices. This study was conducted to find out the long-term effects of inorganic fertilizer, manure and lime application on organic carbon content and physical properties of an acidic Alfisol (Typic Haplustalf) under an annual soybean–wheat crop rotation. Six treatments namely, control (CON), nitrogen fertilization (NIT), nitrogen and phosphorus (NP), nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK), NPK plus manure (NPKM) and NPK plus lime (NPKL) from a long-term fertilizer experiment continuing at Ranchi, India, were chosen for this study. Soil samples were collected from the selected treatments after 29 crop cycles and analyzed for physical and chemical properties. The results indicated that SOC content in all the treatments decreased from initial levels, but the decrease was considerably less in NPKM (8.7%) and NPKL (10.9%) treatments than that in NIT (28.3%) treatment. The SOC at 0–15 and 15–30 cm depth was lowest in NIT and CON. The NPKM, NPKL and NPK treatments up to 30 cm soil depth recorded significantly higher SOC than NIT and CON. Application of balanced fertilizer along with manure (NPKM) or lime (NPKL) improved soil aggregation, soil water retention, microporosity and available water capacity and reduced bulk density of the soil in 0–30 cm depth over CON. In contrast, soil aggregate stability, microporosity and available water capacity were significantly lower in the NIT plots than that in CON. The study thus suggests that soil management practices in acidic Alfisols should include integrated use of mineral fertilizer and organic manure or lime to maintain the organic carbon status and physical environment of soil.
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changes in soil physical properties and organic carbon status at the topsoil horizon of a vertisol of central india after 28 years of continuous Cropping fertilization and manuring
Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 2007Co-Authors: K M Hati, Anand Swarup, A K Misra, A K Dwivedi, K K BandyopadhyayAbstract:Abstract Balanced application of inorganic fertilizer and organic amendments greatly influence the accumulation of organic matter in soil and also influence the soil physical environment. An investigation was carried out to study the long-term impact of fertilizer and manure application in a soybean–wheat–maize (fodder) crop rotation on soil organic carbon status and physical properties of a vertisol (Typic Haplustert or Pellic Vertisols) in sub-humid sub-tropical India. Five treatments namely, control (no fertilizer and manure), 100% of the optimum rate for nitrogen (100% N), 50% of the optimum rate for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (50% NPK), 100% of the optimum rate for NPK (100% NPK) and 100% NPK + farmyard manure at 15 Mg ha −1 (100% NPK + FYM) from a long-term fertilizer experiment continuing at Jabalpur, India, were chosen for this study. Soil samples were collected from the topsoil horizon (0–15 cm) of all the four replications of the selected five treatments in April 2000 after 28 crop cycles and analyzed for physical and chemical properties. The results showed that the soil organic carbon (SOC) content in 100% NPK and 100% NPK + FYM treatments increased, respectively, by 22.5 and 56.3% over the initial level (1.14 kg m −2 ). The electrical conductivity, SOC content, aggregation, water retention, microporosity and available water capacity of the soil were increased while the bulk density was reduced significantly with the 100% NPK + FYM treatment over all other treatments. However, the use of imbalanced (100% N) and suboptimal rate of inorganic fertilizer (50% NPK) as compared to the unfertilized control showed no significant effect on the physical properties of the soil. The study indicates that application of balanced rate of fertilizers in combination with organic manure could sequester soil organic carbon in the surface layer, improve the soil physical environment and sustain higher crop productivity under this Intensive Cropping system.
K M Hati - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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impact of long term application of fertilizer manure and lime under Intensive Cropping on physical properties and organic carbon content of an alfisol
Geoderma, 2008Co-Authors: K M Hati, Anand Swarup, B Mishra, M C Manna, R H Wanjari, K G Mandal, A K MisraAbstract:Abstract Intensive Cropping with conventional tillage results in a decline of soil organic carbon (SOC) with consequent deterioration of soil physical properties. Some studies indicate that this decline in SOC can be arrested by way of organic manure application and improved nutrient management practices. This study was conducted to find out the long-term effects of inorganic fertilizer, manure and lime application on organic carbon content and physical properties of an acidic Alfisol (Typic Haplustalf) under an annual soybean–wheat crop rotation. Six treatments namely, control (CON), nitrogen fertilization (NIT), nitrogen and phosphorus (NP), nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK), NPK plus manure (NPKM) and NPK plus lime (NPKL) from a long-term fertilizer experiment continuing at Ranchi, India, were chosen for this study. Soil samples were collected from the selected treatments after 29 crop cycles and analyzed for physical and chemical properties. The results indicated that SOC content in all the treatments decreased from initial levels, but the decrease was considerably less in NPKM (8.7%) and NPKL (10.9%) treatments than that in NIT (28.3%) treatment. The SOC at 0–15 and 15–30 cm depth was lowest in NIT and CON. The NPKM, NPKL and NPK treatments up to 30 cm soil depth recorded significantly higher SOC than NIT and CON. Application of balanced fertilizer along with manure (NPKM) or lime (NPKL) improved soil aggregation, soil water retention, microporosity and available water capacity and reduced bulk density of the soil in 0–30 cm depth over CON. In contrast, soil aggregate stability, microporosity and available water capacity were significantly lower in the NIT plots than that in CON. The study thus suggests that soil management practices in acidic Alfisols should include integrated use of mineral fertilizer and organic manure or lime to maintain the organic carbon status and physical environment of soil.
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changes in soil physical properties and organic carbon status at the topsoil horizon of a vertisol of central india after 28 years of continuous Cropping fertilization and manuring
Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 2007Co-Authors: K M Hati, Anand Swarup, A K Misra, A K Dwivedi, K K BandyopadhyayAbstract:Abstract Balanced application of inorganic fertilizer and organic amendments greatly influence the accumulation of organic matter in soil and also influence the soil physical environment. An investigation was carried out to study the long-term impact of fertilizer and manure application in a soybean–wheat–maize (fodder) crop rotation on soil organic carbon status and physical properties of a vertisol (Typic Haplustert or Pellic Vertisols) in sub-humid sub-tropical India. Five treatments namely, control (no fertilizer and manure), 100% of the optimum rate for nitrogen (100% N), 50% of the optimum rate for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (50% NPK), 100% of the optimum rate for NPK (100% NPK) and 100% NPK + farmyard manure at 15 Mg ha −1 (100% NPK + FYM) from a long-term fertilizer experiment continuing at Jabalpur, India, were chosen for this study. Soil samples were collected from the topsoil horizon (0–15 cm) of all the four replications of the selected five treatments in April 2000 after 28 crop cycles and analyzed for physical and chemical properties. The results showed that the soil organic carbon (SOC) content in 100% NPK and 100% NPK + FYM treatments increased, respectively, by 22.5 and 56.3% over the initial level (1.14 kg m −2 ). The electrical conductivity, SOC content, aggregation, water retention, microporosity and available water capacity of the soil were increased while the bulk density was reduced significantly with the 100% NPK + FYM treatment over all other treatments. However, the use of imbalanced (100% N) and suboptimal rate of inorganic fertilizer (50% NPK) as compared to the unfertilized control showed no significant effect on the physical properties of the soil. The study indicates that application of balanced rate of fertilizers in combination with organic manure could sequester soil organic carbon in the surface layer, improve the soil physical environment and sustain higher crop productivity under this Intensive Cropping system.