The Experts below are selected from a list of 22248 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Göran Sandberg - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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aux1 promotes lateral Root formation by facilitating indole 3 acetic acid distribution between sink and source tissues in the arabidopsis seedling
The Plant Cell, 2002Co-Authors: Alan Marchant, Rishikesh P Bhalerao, Jan Eklof, Pedro J. Casero, Malcolm J Bennett, Ilda Casimiro, Göran SandbergAbstract:Arabidopsis Root Architecture is regulated by shoot-derived signals such as nitrate and auxin. We report that mutations in the putative auxin influx carrier AUX1 modify Root Architecture as a result of the disruption in hormone transport between indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) source and sink tissues. Gas chromatography–selected reaction monitoring–mass spectrometry measurements revealed that the aux1 mutant exhibited altered IAA distribution in young leaf and Root tissues, the major IAA source and sink organs, respectively, in the developing seedling. Expression studies using the auxin-inducible reporter IAA2::uidA revealed that AUX1 facilitates IAA loading into the leaf vascular transport system. AUX1 also facilitates IAA unloading in the primary Root apex and developing lateral Root primordium. Exogenous application of the synthetic auxin 1-naphthylacetic acid is able to rescue the aux1 lateral Root phenotype, implying that Root auxin levels are suboptimal for lateral Root primordium initiation in the mutant.
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aux1 promotes lateral Root formation by facilitating indole 3 acetic acid distribution between sink and source tissues in the arabidopsis seedling
The Plant Cell, 2002Co-Authors: Alan Marchant, Rishikesh P Bhalerao, Jan Eklof, Pedro J. Casero, Malcolm J Bennett, Ilda Casimiro, Göran SandbergAbstract:Arabidopsis Root Architecture is regulated by shoot-derived signals such as nitrate and auxin. We report that mutations in the putative auxin influx carrier AUX1 modify Root Architecture as a result of the disruption in hormone transport between indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) source and sink tissues. Gas chromatography–selected reaction monitoring–mass spectrometry measurements revealed that the aux1 mutant exhibited altered IAA distribution in young leaf and Root tissues, the major IAA source and sink organs, respectively, in the developing seedling. Expression studies using the auxin-inducible reporter IAA2::uidA revealed that AUX1 facilitates IAA loading into the leaf vascular transport system. AUX1 also facilitates IAA unloading in the primary Root apex and developing lateral Root primordium. Exogenous application of the synthetic auxin 1-naphthylacetic acid is able to rescue the aux1 lateral Root phenotype, implying that Root auxin levels are suboptimal for lateral Root primordium initiation in the mutant.
Alan Marchant - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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aux1 promotes lateral Root formation by facilitating indole 3 acetic acid distribution between sink and source tissues in the arabidopsis seedling
The Plant Cell, 2002Co-Authors: Alan Marchant, Rishikesh P Bhalerao, Jan Eklof, Pedro J. Casero, Malcolm J Bennett, Ilda Casimiro, Göran SandbergAbstract:Arabidopsis Root Architecture is regulated by shoot-derived signals such as nitrate and auxin. We report that mutations in the putative auxin influx carrier AUX1 modify Root Architecture as a result of the disruption in hormone transport between indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) source and sink tissues. Gas chromatography–selected reaction monitoring–mass spectrometry measurements revealed that the aux1 mutant exhibited altered IAA distribution in young leaf and Root tissues, the major IAA source and sink organs, respectively, in the developing seedling. Expression studies using the auxin-inducible reporter IAA2::uidA revealed that AUX1 facilitates IAA loading into the leaf vascular transport system. AUX1 also facilitates IAA unloading in the primary Root apex and developing lateral Root primordium. Exogenous application of the synthetic auxin 1-naphthylacetic acid is able to rescue the aux1 lateral Root phenotype, implying that Root auxin levels are suboptimal for lateral Root primordium initiation in the mutant.
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aux1 promotes lateral Root formation by facilitating indole 3 acetic acid distribution between sink and source tissues in the arabidopsis seedling
The Plant Cell, 2002Co-Authors: Alan Marchant, Rishikesh P Bhalerao, Jan Eklof, Pedro J. Casero, Malcolm J Bennett, Ilda Casimiro, Göran SandbergAbstract:Arabidopsis Root Architecture is regulated by shoot-derived signals such as nitrate and auxin. We report that mutations in the putative auxin influx carrier AUX1 modify Root Architecture as a result of the disruption in hormone transport between indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) source and sink tissues. Gas chromatography–selected reaction monitoring–mass spectrometry measurements revealed that the aux1 mutant exhibited altered IAA distribution in young leaf and Root tissues, the major IAA source and sink organs, respectively, in the developing seedling. Expression studies using the auxin-inducible reporter IAA2::uidA revealed that AUX1 facilitates IAA loading into the leaf vascular transport system. AUX1 also facilitates IAA unloading in the primary Root apex and developing lateral Root primordium. Exogenous application of the synthetic auxin 1-naphthylacetic acid is able to rescue the aux1 lateral Root phenotype, implying that Root auxin levels are suboptimal for lateral Root primordium initiation in the mutant.
Hong Liao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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improving crop nutrient efficiency through Root Architecture modifications
Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 2016Co-Authors: Rensen Zeng, Hong LiaoAbstract:Improving crop nutrient efficiency becomes an essential consideration for environmentally friendly and sustainable agriculture. Plant growth and development is dependent on 17 essential nutrient elements, among them, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are the two most important mineral nutrients. Hence it is not surprising that low N and/or low P availability in soils severely constrains crop growth and productivity, and thereby have become high priority targets for improving nutrient efficiency in crops. Root exploration largely determines the ability of plants to acquire mineral nutrients from soils. Therefore, Root Architecture, the 3-dimensional configuration of the plant's Root system in the soil, is of great importance for improving crop nutrient efficiency. Furthermore, the symbiotic associations between host plants and arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi/rhizobial bacteria, are additional important strategies to enhance nutrient acquisition. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in the current understanding of crop species control of Root Architecture alterations in response to nutrient availability and Root/microbe symbioses, through gene or QTL regulation, which results in enhanced nutrient acquisition.
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gmexpb2 a cell wall β expansin affects soybean nodulation through modifying Root Architecture and promoting nodule formation and development
Plant Physiology, 2015Co-Authors: Jing Zhao, Rensen Zeng, Zhiyuan Tan, Hong LiaoAbstract:Nodulation is an essential process for biological nitrogen (N2) fixation in legumes, but its regulation remains poorly understood. Here, a β-expansin gene, GmEXPB2, was found to be critical for soybean (Glycine max) nodulation. GmEXPB2 was preferentially expressed at the early stage of nodule development. β-Glucuronidase staining further showed that GmEXPB2 was mainly localized to the nodule vascular trace and nodule vascular bundles, as well as nodule cortical and parenchyma cells, suggesting that GmEXPB2 might be involved in cell wall modification and extension during nodule formation and development. Overexpression of GmEXPB2 dramatically modified soybean Root Architecture, increasing the size and number of cortical cells in the Root meristematic and elongation zones and expanding Root hair density and size of the Root hair zone. Confocal microscopy with green fluorescent protein-labeled rhizobium USDA110 cells showed that the infection events were significantly enhanced in the GmEXPB2-overexpressing lines. Moreover, nodule primordium development was earlier in overexpressing lines compared with wild-type plants. Thereby, overexpression of GmEXPB2 in either transgenic soybean hairy Roots or whole plants resulted in increased nodule number, nodule mass, and nitrogenase activity and thus elevated plant N and phosphorus content as well as biomass. In contrast, suppression of GmEXPB2 in soybean transgenic composite plants led to smaller infected cells and thus reduced number of big nodules, nodule mass, and nitrogenase activity, thereby inhibiting soybean growth. Taken together, we conclude that GmEXPB2 critically affects soybean nodulation through modifying Root Architecture and promoting nodule formation and development and subsequently impacts biological N2 fixation and growth of soybean.
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effects of co inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and rhizobia on soybean growth as related to Root Architecture and availability of n and p
Mycorrhiza, 2011Co-Authors: Xiurong Wang, Xiaolong Yan, Qiang Pan, Fengxian Chen, Hong LiaoAbstract:Soybean plants can form tripartite symbiotic associations with rhizobia and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, but little is known about effects of co-inoculation with rhizobia and AM fungi on plant growth, or their relationships to Root Architecture as well as nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) availability. In the present study, two soybean genotypes contrasting in Root Architecture were grown in a field experiment to evaluate relationships among soybean Root Architecture, AMF colonization, and nodulation under natural conditions. Additionally, a soil pot experiment in greenhouse was conducted to investigate the effects of co-inoculation with rhizobia and AM fungi on soybean growth, and uptake of N and P. Our results indicated that there was a complementary relationship between Root Architecture and AMF colonization in the field. The deep Root soybean genotype had greater AMF colonization at low P, but better nodulation with high P supply than the shallow Root genotype. A synergistic relationship dependent on N and P status exists between rhizobia and AM fungi on soybean growth. Co-inoculation with rhizobia and AM fungi significantly increased soybean growth under low P and/or low N conditions as indicated by increased shoot dry weight, along with plant N and P content. There were no significant effects of inoculation under adequate N and P conditions. Furthermore, the effects of co-inoculation were related to Root Architecture. The deep Root genotype, HN112, benefited more from co-inoculation than the shallow Root genotype, HN89. Our results elucidate new insights into the relationship between rhizobia, AM fungi, and plant growth under limitation of multiple nutrients, and thereby provides a theoretical basis for application of co-inoculation in field-grown soybean.
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3d reconstruction and dynamic modeling of Root Architecture in situ and its application to crop phosphorus research
Plant Journal, 2009Co-Authors: Suqin Fang, Xiaolong Yan, Hong LiaoAbstract:Root Architecture plays important roles in plant water and nutrient acquisition. However, accurate modeling of the Root system that provides a realistic representation of Roots in the soil is limited by a lack of appropriate tools for the non-destructive and precise measurement of the Root system Architecture in situ. Here we describe a Root growth system in which the Roots grow in a solid gel matrix that was used to reconstruct 3D Root Architecture in situ and dynamically simulate its changes under various nutrient conditions with a high degree of precision. A 3D laser scanner combined with a transparent gel-based growth system was used to capture 3D images of Roots. The Root system skeleton was extracted using a skeleton extraction method based on the Hough transformation, and mesh modeling using Ball-B spline was employed. We successfully used this system to reconstruct rice and soybean Root Architectures and determine their changes under various phosphorus (P) supply conditions. Our results showed that the 3D Root Architecture parameters that were dynamically calculated based on the skeletonization and simulation of Root systems were significantly correlated with the biomass and P content of rice and soybean based on both the simulation system and previous reports. Therefore, this approach provides a novel technique for the study of crop Root growth and its adaptive changes to various environmental conditions.
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Root gravitropism and below ground competition among neighbouring plants a modelling approach
Annals of Botany, 2001Co-Authors: Gerardo Rubio, Hong Liao, Tom Walk, Zhenyang Ge, Jonathan P. LynchAbstract:Competition for nutrients among neighbouring Roots occurs when their individual depletion volumes overlap, causing a reduction in nutrient uptake. By exploring diAerent spatial niches, plants with contrasting Root Architecture may reduce the extent of competition among neighbouring Root systems. The main objectives of this study were: (1) to evaluate the impact of Root Architecture on competition for phosphorus among neighbouring plants; and (2) to compare the magnitude of competition among Roots of the same plant vs. Roots of neighbouring plants. SimRoot ,a dynamic geometric model, was used to simulate common bean Root growth and to compare the overlap of depletion volumes. By varying the gravitropism of basal Roots, we simulated three distinct Root Architectures: shallow, intermediate and deep, corresponding to observed genetic variation for Root Architecture in this species. Combinations of Roots having the same Architecture resulted in more intense inter-plant competition. Among them, the deepdeep combination had the most intense competition. Competition between deep Root systems and shallow Root systems was only half that of deep Root systems competing with other deep Root systems. Inter-plant Root competition increased as soil diAusivity increased and the distance among plants decreased. In heterogeneous soils, co-localization of soil resources and Roots was more important in determining resource uptake than inter-plant Root competition. Competition among Roots of the same plant was three- to five-times greater than competition among Roots of neighbouring plants. Genetic variation for Root Architecture in common bean may be related to adaptation to diverse competitive environments. # 2001 Annals of Botany Company
Jan Eklof - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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aux1 promotes lateral Root formation by facilitating indole 3 acetic acid distribution between sink and source tissues in the arabidopsis seedling
The Plant Cell, 2002Co-Authors: Alan Marchant, Rishikesh P Bhalerao, Jan Eklof, Pedro J. Casero, Malcolm J Bennett, Ilda Casimiro, Göran SandbergAbstract:Arabidopsis Root Architecture is regulated by shoot-derived signals such as nitrate and auxin. We report that mutations in the putative auxin influx carrier AUX1 modify Root Architecture as a result of the disruption in hormone transport between indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) source and sink tissues. Gas chromatography–selected reaction monitoring–mass spectrometry measurements revealed that the aux1 mutant exhibited altered IAA distribution in young leaf and Root tissues, the major IAA source and sink organs, respectively, in the developing seedling. Expression studies using the auxin-inducible reporter IAA2::uidA revealed that AUX1 facilitates IAA loading into the leaf vascular transport system. AUX1 also facilitates IAA unloading in the primary Root apex and developing lateral Root primordium. Exogenous application of the synthetic auxin 1-naphthylacetic acid is able to rescue the aux1 lateral Root phenotype, implying that Root auxin levels are suboptimal for lateral Root primordium initiation in the mutant.
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aux1 promotes lateral Root formation by facilitating indole 3 acetic acid distribution between sink and source tissues in the arabidopsis seedling
The Plant Cell, 2002Co-Authors: Alan Marchant, Rishikesh P Bhalerao, Jan Eklof, Pedro J. Casero, Malcolm J Bennett, Ilda Casimiro, Göran SandbergAbstract:Arabidopsis Root Architecture is regulated by shoot-derived signals such as nitrate and auxin. We report that mutations in the putative auxin influx carrier AUX1 modify Root Architecture as a result of the disruption in hormone transport between indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) source and sink tissues. Gas chromatography–selected reaction monitoring–mass spectrometry measurements revealed that the aux1 mutant exhibited altered IAA distribution in young leaf and Root tissues, the major IAA source and sink organs, respectively, in the developing seedling. Expression studies using the auxin-inducible reporter IAA2::uidA revealed that AUX1 facilitates IAA loading into the leaf vascular transport system. AUX1 also facilitates IAA unloading in the primary Root apex and developing lateral Root primordium. Exogenous application of the synthetic auxin 1-naphthylacetic acid is able to rescue the aux1 lateral Root phenotype, implying that Root auxin levels are suboptimal for lateral Root primordium initiation in the mutant.
Pedro J. Casero - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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aux1 promotes lateral Root formation by facilitating indole 3 acetic acid distribution between sink and source tissues in the arabidopsis seedling
The Plant Cell, 2002Co-Authors: Alan Marchant, Rishikesh P Bhalerao, Jan Eklof, Pedro J. Casero, Malcolm J Bennett, Ilda Casimiro, Göran SandbergAbstract:Arabidopsis Root Architecture is regulated by shoot-derived signals such as nitrate and auxin. We report that mutations in the putative auxin influx carrier AUX1 modify Root Architecture as a result of the disruption in hormone transport between indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) source and sink tissues. Gas chromatography–selected reaction monitoring–mass spectrometry measurements revealed that the aux1 mutant exhibited altered IAA distribution in young leaf and Root tissues, the major IAA source and sink organs, respectively, in the developing seedling. Expression studies using the auxin-inducible reporter IAA2::uidA revealed that AUX1 facilitates IAA loading into the leaf vascular transport system. AUX1 also facilitates IAA unloading in the primary Root apex and developing lateral Root primordium. Exogenous application of the synthetic auxin 1-naphthylacetic acid is able to rescue the aux1 lateral Root phenotype, implying that Root auxin levels are suboptimal for lateral Root primordium initiation in the mutant.
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aux1 promotes lateral Root formation by facilitating indole 3 acetic acid distribution between sink and source tissues in the arabidopsis seedling
The Plant Cell, 2002Co-Authors: Alan Marchant, Rishikesh P Bhalerao, Jan Eklof, Pedro J. Casero, Malcolm J Bennett, Ilda Casimiro, Göran SandbergAbstract:Arabidopsis Root Architecture is regulated by shoot-derived signals such as nitrate and auxin. We report that mutations in the putative auxin influx carrier AUX1 modify Root Architecture as a result of the disruption in hormone transport between indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) source and sink tissues. Gas chromatography–selected reaction monitoring–mass spectrometry measurements revealed that the aux1 mutant exhibited altered IAA distribution in young leaf and Root tissues, the major IAA source and sink organs, respectively, in the developing seedling. Expression studies using the auxin-inducible reporter IAA2::uidA revealed that AUX1 facilitates IAA loading into the leaf vascular transport system. AUX1 also facilitates IAA unloading in the primary Root apex and developing lateral Root primordium. Exogenous application of the synthetic auxin 1-naphthylacetic acid is able to rescue the aux1 lateral Root phenotype, implying that Root auxin levels are suboptimal for lateral Root primordium initiation in the mutant.
