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Qiang Chai - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Water utilization in Intercropping: A review
    Agricultural Water Management, 2020
    Co-Authors: Wen Yin, Qiang Chai, Cai Zhao, Fan Zhilong, Fan Hong, Yao Guo, Jeffrey A. Coulter
    Abstract:

    Abstract Strip Intercropping has been widely applied in arid and semi-arid regions due to high and stable productivity and efficient utilization of resources. Intercropping can increase water use efficiency (WUE) of crops and optimize the soil moisture environment for crop development. Competition and complementarity are two aspects of the same interspecific relationship between crops, and a quantitative understanding of the competition and complementary effects of intercrops on soil resources is important for advancement of Intercropping systems. The characteristics and mechanisms of water utilization and interspecies relationships in Intercropping are reviewed in this paper. The main regulation approaches for efficient water utilization in Intercropping are based on interspecific competition and complementarity include crop species, irrigation and fertilization regimes, plant density, spatial arrangement, tillage and mulching practices, and environmental factors. Interspecific competition and complementarity are leading factors influencing water utilization of intercrops and studies on synergistic effects of competition and complementarity in Intercropping systems are of importance for water utilization. Future research should investigate the relationship between water competition and complementation between different intercrops and inter-zone water migration. Integrating results from different studies could provide a basis for enhancing WUE of Intercropping through advanced understanding of approaches for regulating interspecific interactions. This would provide support for the development and adoption of Intercropping systems in water-deficient areas.

  • less carbon emissions of wheat maize Intercropping under reduced tillage in arid areas
    Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 2015
    Co-Authors: Qiang Chai, Wen Yin, Hongyan Cui, Yantai Gan
    Abstract:

    Intercropping is used to increase grain production in many areas of the world. However, this increasing crop yield costs large amounts of water used by intercropped plants. In addition, Intercropping usually requires higher inputs that induce greenhouse gas emissions. Actually, it is unknown whether Intercropping can be effective in water-limited arid areas. Here, we measured crop yield, water consumption, soil respiration, and carbon emissions of wheat–maize Intercropping under different tillage and crop residue management options. A field experiment was conducted at Wuwei in northwest China in 2011 and 2012. Our results show that wheat–maize Intercropping increased grain yield by 61 % in 2011 and 63 % in 2012 compared with the average yield of monoculture crops. The Intercropping under reduced tillage with stubble mulching yielded 15.9 t ha−1 in 2011 and 15.5 t ha−1 in 2012, an increase of 7.8 % in 2011 and 8.1 % in 2012, compared to conventional tillage. Wheat–maize Intercropping had carbon emission of 2,400 kg C ha−1 during the growing season, about 7 % less than monoculture maize, of 2,580 kg C ha−1. Reduced tillage decreased C emission over conventional tillage by 6.7 % for the Intercropping, 5.9 % for monoculture maize, and 7.1 % for monoculture wheat. Compared to monoculture maize, wheat–maize Intercropping used more water but emitted 3.4 kg C per hectare per millimeter of water used, which was 23 % lower than monoculture maize. Overall, our findings show that maize–wheat Intercropping with reduced tillage coupled with stubble mulching can be used to increase grain production while effectively lower carbon emissions in arid areas.

  • Less carbon emissions of wheat–maize Intercropping under reduced tillage in arid areas
    Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 2015
    Co-Authors: Qiang Chai, Wen Yin, Hongyan Cui, Yantai Gan
    Abstract:

    Intercropping is used to increase grain production in many areas of the world. However, this increasing crop yield costs large amounts of water used by intercropped plants. In addition, Intercropping usually requires higher inputs that induce greenhouse gas emissions. Actually, it is unknown whether Intercropping can be effective in water-limited arid areas. Here, we measured crop yield, water consumption, soil respiration, and carbon emissions of wheat–maize Intercropping under different tillage and crop residue management options. A field experiment was conducted at Wuwei in northwest China in 2011 and 2012. Our results show that wheat–maize Intercropping increased grain yield by 61 % in 2011 and 63 % in 2012 compared with the average yield of monoculture crops. The Intercropping under reduced tillage with stubble mulching yielded 15.9 t ha−1 in 2011 and 15.5 t ha−1 in 2012, an increase of 7.8 % in 2011 and 8.1 % in 2012, compared to conventional tillage. Wheat–maize Intercropping had carbon emission of 2,400 kg C ha−1 during the growing season, about 7 % less than monoculture maize, of 2,580 kg C ha−1. Reduced tillage decreased C emission over conventional tillage by 6.7 % for the Intercropping, 5.9 % for monoculture maize, and 7.1 % for monoculture wheat. Compared to monoculture maize, wheat–maize Intercropping used more water but emitted 3.4 kg C per hectare per millimeter of water used, which was 23 % lower than monoculture maize. Overall, our findings show that maize–wheat Intercropping with reduced tillage coupled with stubble mulching can be used to increase grain production while effectively lower carbon emissions in arid areas.

Wen Yin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Water utilization in Intercropping: A review
    Agricultural Water Management, 2020
    Co-Authors: Wen Yin, Qiang Chai, Cai Zhao, Fan Zhilong, Fan Hong, Yao Guo, Jeffrey A. Coulter
    Abstract:

    Abstract Strip Intercropping has been widely applied in arid and semi-arid regions due to high and stable productivity and efficient utilization of resources. Intercropping can increase water use efficiency (WUE) of crops and optimize the soil moisture environment for crop development. Competition and complementarity are two aspects of the same interspecific relationship between crops, and a quantitative understanding of the competition and complementary effects of intercrops on soil resources is important for advancement of Intercropping systems. The characteristics and mechanisms of water utilization and interspecies relationships in Intercropping are reviewed in this paper. The main regulation approaches for efficient water utilization in Intercropping are based on interspecific competition and complementarity include crop species, irrigation and fertilization regimes, plant density, spatial arrangement, tillage and mulching practices, and environmental factors. Interspecific competition and complementarity are leading factors influencing water utilization of intercrops and studies on synergistic effects of competition and complementarity in Intercropping systems are of importance for water utilization. Future research should investigate the relationship between water competition and complementation between different intercrops and inter-zone water migration. Integrating results from different studies could provide a basis for enhancing WUE of Intercropping through advanced understanding of approaches for regulating interspecific interactions. This would provide support for the development and adoption of Intercropping systems in water-deficient areas.

  • less carbon emissions of wheat maize Intercropping under reduced tillage in arid areas
    Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 2015
    Co-Authors: Qiang Chai, Wen Yin, Hongyan Cui, Yantai Gan
    Abstract:

    Intercropping is used to increase grain production in many areas of the world. However, this increasing crop yield costs large amounts of water used by intercropped plants. In addition, Intercropping usually requires higher inputs that induce greenhouse gas emissions. Actually, it is unknown whether Intercropping can be effective in water-limited arid areas. Here, we measured crop yield, water consumption, soil respiration, and carbon emissions of wheat–maize Intercropping under different tillage and crop residue management options. A field experiment was conducted at Wuwei in northwest China in 2011 and 2012. Our results show that wheat–maize Intercropping increased grain yield by 61 % in 2011 and 63 % in 2012 compared with the average yield of monoculture crops. The Intercropping under reduced tillage with stubble mulching yielded 15.9 t ha−1 in 2011 and 15.5 t ha−1 in 2012, an increase of 7.8 % in 2011 and 8.1 % in 2012, compared to conventional tillage. Wheat–maize Intercropping had carbon emission of 2,400 kg C ha−1 during the growing season, about 7 % less than monoculture maize, of 2,580 kg C ha−1. Reduced tillage decreased C emission over conventional tillage by 6.7 % for the Intercropping, 5.9 % for monoculture maize, and 7.1 % for monoculture wheat. Compared to monoculture maize, wheat–maize Intercropping used more water but emitted 3.4 kg C per hectare per millimeter of water used, which was 23 % lower than monoculture maize. Overall, our findings show that maize–wheat Intercropping with reduced tillage coupled with stubble mulching can be used to increase grain production while effectively lower carbon emissions in arid areas.

  • Less carbon emissions of wheat–maize Intercropping under reduced tillage in arid areas
    Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 2015
    Co-Authors: Qiang Chai, Wen Yin, Hongyan Cui, Yantai Gan
    Abstract:

    Intercropping is used to increase grain production in many areas of the world. However, this increasing crop yield costs large amounts of water used by intercropped plants. In addition, Intercropping usually requires higher inputs that induce greenhouse gas emissions. Actually, it is unknown whether Intercropping can be effective in water-limited arid areas. Here, we measured crop yield, water consumption, soil respiration, and carbon emissions of wheat–maize Intercropping under different tillage and crop residue management options. A field experiment was conducted at Wuwei in northwest China in 2011 and 2012. Our results show that wheat–maize Intercropping increased grain yield by 61 % in 2011 and 63 % in 2012 compared with the average yield of monoculture crops. The Intercropping under reduced tillage with stubble mulching yielded 15.9 t ha−1 in 2011 and 15.5 t ha−1 in 2012, an increase of 7.8 % in 2011 and 8.1 % in 2012, compared to conventional tillage. Wheat–maize Intercropping had carbon emission of 2,400 kg C ha−1 during the growing season, about 7 % less than monoculture maize, of 2,580 kg C ha−1. Reduced tillage decreased C emission over conventional tillage by 6.7 % for the Intercropping, 5.9 % for monoculture maize, and 7.1 % for monoculture wheat. Compared to monoculture maize, wheat–maize Intercropping used more water but emitted 3.4 kg C per hectare per millimeter of water used, which was 23 % lower than monoculture maize. Overall, our findings show that maize–wheat Intercropping with reduced tillage coupled with stubble mulching can be used to increase grain production while effectively lower carbon emissions in arid areas.

Yantai Gan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • less carbon emissions of wheat maize Intercropping under reduced tillage in arid areas
    Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 2015
    Co-Authors: Qiang Chai, Wen Yin, Hongyan Cui, Yantai Gan
    Abstract:

    Intercropping is used to increase grain production in many areas of the world. However, this increasing crop yield costs large amounts of water used by intercropped plants. In addition, Intercropping usually requires higher inputs that induce greenhouse gas emissions. Actually, it is unknown whether Intercropping can be effective in water-limited arid areas. Here, we measured crop yield, water consumption, soil respiration, and carbon emissions of wheat–maize Intercropping under different tillage and crop residue management options. A field experiment was conducted at Wuwei in northwest China in 2011 and 2012. Our results show that wheat–maize Intercropping increased grain yield by 61 % in 2011 and 63 % in 2012 compared with the average yield of monoculture crops. The Intercropping under reduced tillage with stubble mulching yielded 15.9 t ha−1 in 2011 and 15.5 t ha−1 in 2012, an increase of 7.8 % in 2011 and 8.1 % in 2012, compared to conventional tillage. Wheat–maize Intercropping had carbon emission of 2,400 kg C ha−1 during the growing season, about 7 % less than monoculture maize, of 2,580 kg C ha−1. Reduced tillage decreased C emission over conventional tillage by 6.7 % for the Intercropping, 5.9 % for monoculture maize, and 7.1 % for monoculture wheat. Compared to monoculture maize, wheat–maize Intercropping used more water but emitted 3.4 kg C per hectare per millimeter of water used, which was 23 % lower than monoculture maize. Overall, our findings show that maize–wheat Intercropping with reduced tillage coupled with stubble mulching can be used to increase grain production while effectively lower carbon emissions in arid areas.

  • Less carbon emissions of wheat–maize Intercropping under reduced tillage in arid areas
    Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 2015
    Co-Authors: Qiang Chai, Wen Yin, Hongyan Cui, Yantai Gan
    Abstract:

    Intercropping is used to increase grain production in many areas of the world. However, this increasing crop yield costs large amounts of water used by intercropped plants. In addition, Intercropping usually requires higher inputs that induce greenhouse gas emissions. Actually, it is unknown whether Intercropping can be effective in water-limited arid areas. Here, we measured crop yield, water consumption, soil respiration, and carbon emissions of wheat–maize Intercropping under different tillage and crop residue management options. A field experiment was conducted at Wuwei in northwest China in 2011 and 2012. Our results show that wheat–maize Intercropping increased grain yield by 61 % in 2011 and 63 % in 2012 compared with the average yield of monoculture crops. The Intercropping under reduced tillage with stubble mulching yielded 15.9 t ha−1 in 2011 and 15.5 t ha−1 in 2012, an increase of 7.8 % in 2011 and 8.1 % in 2012, compared to conventional tillage. Wheat–maize Intercropping had carbon emission of 2,400 kg C ha−1 during the growing season, about 7 % less than monoculture maize, of 2,580 kg C ha−1. Reduced tillage decreased C emission over conventional tillage by 6.7 % for the Intercropping, 5.9 % for monoculture maize, and 7.1 % for monoculture wheat. Compared to monoculture maize, wheat–maize Intercropping used more water but emitted 3.4 kg C per hectare per millimeter of water used, which was 23 % lower than monoculture maize. Overall, our findings show that maize–wheat Intercropping with reduced tillage coupled with stubble mulching can be used to increase grain production while effectively lower carbon emissions in arid areas.

Tongbin Chen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • remediation of arsenic contaminated soil using malposed Intercropping of pteris vittata l and maize
    Chemosphere, 2018
    Co-Authors: Tongbin Chen
    Abstract:

    Abstract Intercropping of arsenic (As) hyperaccumulator and cash crops during remediation of contaminated soil has been applied in farmland remediation project. However, little is known about the fate of As fractions in the soil profile and As uptake within the Intercropping plants under field condition. In this study, As removal, uptake, and translocation were investigated within an Intercropping system of Pteris vittata L. (P. vittata) and maize (Zea mays). Results indicated that the concentration of As associated with amorphous Fe (hydr)oxides in the 10–20 cm soil layer was significantly lower under malposed Intercropping of P. vittata and maize, and As accumulation in P. vittata and biomass of P. vittata were simultaneously higher under malposed Intercropping than under coordinate Intercropping, leading to a 2.4 times higher rate of As removal. Although maize roots absorbed over 13.4 mg kg−1 As and maize leaves and flowers accumulated over 21.5 mg kg−1 As (translocation factor higher than 1), grains produced in all Intercropping modes accumulated lower levels of As, satisfying the standard for human consumption. Our results suggested that malposed Intercropping of a hyperaccumulator and a low-accumulation cash crop was an ideal planting pattern for As remediation in soil. Furthermore, timely harvest of P. vittata, agronomic strategies during remediation, and appropriate management of the above ground parts of P. vittata and high-As tissues of cash crops may further improve remediation efficiency.

  • intercropped pteris vittata l and morus alba l presents a safe utilization mode for arsenic contaminated soil
    Science of The Total Environment, 2017
    Co-Authors: Tongbin Chen, Junxing Yang
    Abstract:

    Intercropping technology provides income for owners of contaminated soil without increasing environmental risk. Therefore, Intercropping of arsenic (As) hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata L. with economic crops is now widely utilized in slightly or moderately As-contaminated farmlands. However, the mechanisms for As mobilization and absorption within the Intercropping system are still unclear. To clarify As mobilization and absorption within an Intercropping system, portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and sequential extraction were utilized to detect the spatial distribution and speciation of As in an intercropped system of P. vittata and cash crop mulberry (Morus alba L.). Compared with the P. vittata monoculture, P. vittata Intercropping had higher As concentration, which may have been caused by the efficient exploitation of a greater As source in soil. Compared with the M. alba monoculture, M. alba Intercropping had lower As concentration, which may have been caused by the As depletion by P. vittata roots. Spatial distribution of As in the soil indicated a “valley” around the P. vittata roots in both monocultured and intercropped systems, implying that As was depleted around the P. vittata roots. Continuous As extraction confirmed that both P. vittata monoculture and P. vittata and M. alba Intercropping can efficiently control the risk of As soil contamination. Moreover, the properties of M. alba leaves were further studied. Mulberry leaves in the Intercropping system satisfied the national feed standards. Therefore, Intercropping presents a safe utilization mode for As-contaminated soil and can increase the income from silkworm-rearing M. alba leaves, without extra environmental risk.

Zikui Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • water use and crop coefficient of the wheat maize strip Intercropping system for an arid region in northwestern china
    Agricultural Water Management, 2015
    Co-Authors: Zikui Wang, Xining Zhao, Ying Gao, Xiaoli Chen
    Abstract:

    Relay strip Intercropping of spring wheat and maize is practiced on a large scale in arid regions of northwestern China. In this study, a field experiment was carried out during 2012 and 2013 growing seasons to examine water use and crop coefficient of this system in an arid environment. The experiment comprised three treatments: sole-cropped wheat, sole-cropped maize, and wheat–maize Intercropping. The grain yields of both intercropped wheat and maize were enhanced by Intercropping. The gross economic profit for wheat–maize Intercropping was 16.4% lower than that of sole maize and 95.4% higher than that of sole wheat. The overall land use efficiency was improved by Intercropping. The time course of leaf area index in Intercropping had the similar trends to those in sole crops with relatively low values, which never exceeded 3.0m2m−2 throughout both growing seasons. Compared to weighted means of the sole-cropping systems, wheat–maize Intercropping used 26% and 24% more water in 2012 and 2013, respectively. The water-use efficiency of Intercropping was nearly the same as the weighted means of the sole crops. Due to the incomplete groundcover in Intercropping plots, more water was consumed as soil evaporation. Averaged over two seasons, the ratio of soil evaporation to actual evapotranspiration was 33.4, 20.7 and 24.1% for Intercropping system, sole-cropped wheat and sole-cropped maize, respectively. Crop coefficient (Kc) of sole-cropped wheat was 0.19±0.02, 1.05±0.07, and 0.42±0.09 at the initial, mid and late season in two seasons, respectively. Kc value of the sole-cropped maize was 0.22±0.03, 1.10±0.06 and 0.60±0.02 at the initial, mid and late season, respectively. The Kc values of the wheat–maize Intercropping system varied in 0.21±0.03, 0.89±0.05, and 0.78±0.06 at the initial, middle and late wheat growing season, and in 0.85±0.03 and 0.61±0.01 at the middle and late maize growing season, respectively. Therefore, longer growing season and incomplete ground cover are the main factors that resulted in higher water use for wheat–maize Intercropping compared to sole crops. Results of this study can help to improve the irrigation efficiency for the wheat–maize strip Intercropping system.