The Experts below are selected from a list of 588294 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Premachandra Athukorala - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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SAGE Publications Los Angeles/London/New Delhi/Singapore/Washington DC DOI: 10.1177/097380100900300403 Trends and Patterns of Foreign Direct Investments in Asia: A Comparative Perspective
2016Co-Authors: Premachandra AthukoralaAbstract:This paper examines foreign direct investment (FDI) in developing Asia over the past three decades with emphasis on two key issues: the implications of the ongoing process of International Production fragmentation and the alleged ‘crowding out ’ effect of China’s rise as a major host to FDI on the other countries in the region. The evidence suggests that assembly processes within vertically integrated global industries (in particular, electrical goods and electronics) has gained prominence over the past two decades as the major area of attraction for foreign investors in the region. Contrary to the popular crowding out fear, China’s rise as a major assembly centre within global Production networks seems to have added further dynamism to region-wide multinational enterprise (MNE) operations in the regions. A key policy inference from our analysis is that, in designing policies of outward-oriented development, investment and trade policies must be considered together as co-determinants of the location of Production and patterns of trade
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the rise of china and east asian export performance is the crowding out fear warranted
The World Economy, 2009Co-Authors: Premachandra AthukoralaAbstract:This paper examines the effects of China’s rapid integration into the global economy on export performance of its East Asian neighbours against the backdrop of ongoing changes in patterns of International Production. Following a stage-setting overview of trends and patterns of China’s export performance since the early 1990s, it probes two key themes central to the current policy debate, namely China competition in third country markets and emerging patterns of East Asian exports to China. The statistical analysis places particular emphasis on the supply-side complementarities between China and its East Asian neighbours resulting from China’s rapid integration into regional Production networks. The findings suggest that the fear of export crowding-out has been vastly exaggerated in the contemporary policy debate on the implications of China’s rise.
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Production fragmentation and trade integration east asia in a global context
The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, 2006Co-Authors: Premachandra Athukorala, Nobuaki YamashitaAbstract:This paper examines the implications of International Production fragmentation for analysing global and regional trade patterns, with special emphasis on countries in East Asia. It is found that, while 'fragmentation trade' has generally grown faster than total world manufacturing trade, the degree of dependence of East Asia on this new form of International specialisation is proportionately larger compared to North America and Europe. International Production fragmentation has certainly played a pivotal role in continuing dynamism of the East Asian economies and increasing intra-regional economic interdependence. There is, however, no evidence to suggest that this new form of International exchange has contributed to lessoning the regions dependence on the global economy. On the contrary, growth dynamism based on vertical specialisation depends inexorably on extra-regional trade in final good, and this dependence has in fact increased over the years.
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Production fragmentation and trade integration east asia in a global context
The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, 2006Co-Authors: Premachandra Athukorala, Nobuaki YamashitaAbstract:Abstract This paper examines the implications of International Production fragmentation for global and regional trade patterns, with special emphasis on countries in East Asia. It is found that, while trade in parts and components (fragmentation trade) has generally grown faster than total world manufacturing trade, the degree of dependence of East Asia on this new form of International specialization is proportionately larger than in North America and Europe. International Production fragmentation has certainly played a pivotal role in the continuing dynamism of the East Asian economies and increasing intra-regional economic interdependence. There is, however, no evidence to suggest that this new form of International exchange has contributed to reducing the region's dependence on the global economy. On the contrary, growth dynamism based on vertical specialization depends inexorably on extra-regional trade in final goods, and this dependence has in fact increased over the years.
Nobuaki Yamashita - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Production fragmentation and trade integration east asia in a global context
The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, 2006Co-Authors: Premachandra Athukorala, Nobuaki YamashitaAbstract:This paper examines the implications of International Production fragmentation for analysing global and regional trade patterns, with special emphasis on countries in East Asia. It is found that, while 'fragmentation trade' has generally grown faster than total world manufacturing trade, the degree of dependence of East Asia on this new form of International specialisation is proportionately larger compared to North America and Europe. International Production fragmentation has certainly played a pivotal role in continuing dynamism of the East Asian economies and increasing intra-regional economic interdependence. There is, however, no evidence to suggest that this new form of International exchange has contributed to lessoning the regions dependence on the global economy. On the contrary, growth dynamism based on vertical specialisation depends inexorably on extra-regional trade in final good, and this dependence has in fact increased over the years.
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Production fragmentation and trade integration east asia in a global context
The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, 2006Co-Authors: Premachandra Athukorala, Nobuaki YamashitaAbstract:Abstract This paper examines the implications of International Production fragmentation for global and regional trade patterns, with special emphasis on countries in East Asia. It is found that, while trade in parts and components (fragmentation trade) has generally grown faster than total world manufacturing trade, the degree of dependence of East Asia on this new form of International specialization is proportionately larger than in North America and Europe. International Production fragmentation has certainly played a pivotal role in the continuing dynamism of the East Asian economies and increasing intra-regional economic interdependence. There is, however, no evidence to suggest that this new form of International exchange has contributed to reducing the region's dependence on the global economy. On the contrary, growth dynamism based on vertical specialization depends inexorably on extra-regional trade in final goods, and this dependence has in fact increased over the years.
Paolo Guerrieri - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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trade openness and International fragmentation of Production in the european union the new divide
Review of International Economics, 2012Co-Authors: Paolo Guerrieri, Filippo Vergara CaffarelliAbstract:This paper analyses the relationship between International fragmentation of Production, trade openness and global export performance in the European Union from 2000 to 2009. As most trade models featuring International Production sharing show, the higher the level of fragmentation and related International openness the better the export performance of a country. Our econometric analysis confirms this hypothesis. We estimate an error correction model based on panel data on the EU Member States and find that inter-European fragmentation and openness significantly improve their long-run export performance. Policy implications could be that restrictive policies preventing firms from Internationalizing Production would weaken a countryi?½s position in global Production networks, with long-term negative effects on domestic jobs and growth.
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trade openness and International fragmentation of Production in the european union the new divide
Review of International Economics, 2012Co-Authors: Paolo Guerrieri, Filippo Vergara CaffarelliAbstract:The relationship between International fragmentation of Production, trade openness, and global export performance in the European Union (EU) from 2000 to 2009 is analyzed. As most trade models featuring International Production sharing show, higher levels of fragmentation and of related International openness improve the export performance of a country. The empirical analysis confirms this hypothesis. This paper estimates an error correction model on the panel of the EU Member States and finds that inter-European fragmentation and openness significantly improve their long-run export performance. Policy implications could be that restrictive policies preventing firms from Internationalizing Production would weaken a country's position in global Production networks, with long-term negative effects on domestic jobs and growth.
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International Production networks and changing trade patterns in east asia the case of the electronics industry
1998Co-Authors: Dieter Ernst, Paolo GuerrieriAbstract:The concept of an "International Production network" captures the spread of broader systems of International Production which cut across different stages of the value chain but which may, or may not, involve ownership of equity stakes. The concept allows us to analyze the globalization strategies of any particular firm with regard to the following four questions: Where does the firm locate the various stages of the value chain? To what degree does a firm rely on "outsourcing", and hence what is the relationship between that and the firm's internal Production activities? To what degree is control over transactions exercised in a centralized or in a decentralized manner? How do the different elements of these networks hng together? These ideas are applied to the trade links in electronics between firms located in the USA or Japan and countries in east Asia.
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International Production networks and changing trade patterns in east asia the case of the electronics industry
Oxford Development Studies, 1998Co-Authors: Dieter Ernst, Paolo GuerrieriAbstract:The concept of an “International Production network “ captures the spread of broader systems of International Production which cut across different stages of the value chain but which may, or may not, involve ownership of equity stakes. The concept allows us to analyse the globalization strategies of any particular firm with regard to the following four questions: Where does the firm locate the various stages of the value chain? To what degree does a firm rely on “outsourcing”, and hence what is the relationship between that and the firm's internal Production activities? To what degree is control over transactions exercised in a centralized or in a decentralized manner? How do the different elements of these networks hang together? The ideas are applied to the trade links in electronics between firms located in the USA or Japan and countries of East Asia.
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International Production networks and changing trade patterns in east asia the case of the electronics industry
1997Co-Authors: Dieter Ernst, Paolo GuerrieriAbstract:The purpose of this paper is to analyze how the spread of different International Production networks in East Asia has affected the trade links of the region with the U.S. and Japan. We concentrate on one particular aspect, i.e. changes in the product composition of U.S. and Japanese electronics exports and imports to and from the East Asia region. We find that compared to the U.S. , Japan’s trade links with East Asia display a far greater diversity of the product groups involved. Of equal importance is a second finding: the trade balances of both countries with the region are radically different. A consistently high and growing trade deficit characterizes U.S. trade links with East Asia in the electronic industry. This is true even for computers and components, the two sectors where the U.S. has re-established itself during the last few years as an uncontested leader. This is in stark contrast to the situation in Japan, where a large and rapidly growing surplus characterizes its trade links with East Asia. Although this is now slowly changing as East Asia has become the most important source of Japanese electronics imports, there is reason to doubt whether this positive development is strong enough to reduce any time soon the asymmetric nature of Japan’s trade links with East Asia. These differences can only be partially attributed to traditional macroeconomic factors that are the focus of standard trade theory. In the paper, we show how the observed differences can be better explained by some peculiar features of the International Production networks that American and Japanese firms have established in East Asia. The chain of causation appears to work both ways. Changes in the organization of International Production have led to changes in the composition of bilateral trade flows. Such changes in International trade patterns, in turn, lead to further changes in the organization of International Production.
Muhammed A Yildirim - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the economic case for global vaccinations an epidemiological model with International Production networks
Research Papers in Economics, 2021Co-Authors: Cem Cakmakli, Selva Demiralp, ṣebnem Kalemliozcan, Sevcan Yesiltas, Muhammed A YildirimAbstract:COVID-19 pandemic had a devastating effect on both lives and livelihoods in 2020. The arrival of effective vaccines can be a major game changer. However, vaccines are in short supply as of early 2021 and most of them are reserved for the advanced economies. We show that the global GDP loss of not inoculating all the countries, relative to a counterfactual of global vaccinations, is higher than the cost of manufacturing and distributing vaccines globally. We use an economic-epidemiological framework that combines a SIR model with International Production and trade networks. Based on this framework, we estimate the costs for 65 countries and 35 sectors. Our estimates suggest that up to 49 percent of the global economic costs of the pandemic in 2021 are borne by the advanced economies even if they achieve universal vaccination in their own countries.
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the economic case for global vaccinations an epidemiological model with International Production networks
National Bureau of Economic Research, 2021Co-Authors: Cem Cakmakli, Selva Demiralp, ṣebnem Kalemliozcan, Sevcan Yesiltas, Muhammed A YildirimAbstract:COVID-19 pandemic had a devastating effect on both lives and livelihoods in 2020. The arrival of effective vaccines can be a major game changer. However, vaccines are in short supply as of early 2021 and most of them are reserved for the advanced economies. We show that the global GDP loss of not inoculating all the countries, relative to a counterfactual of global vaccinations, can be higher than the cost of manufacturing and distributing vaccines globally. We use an economic-epidemiological framework that combines a SIR model with International Production and trade networks. Based on this framework, we estimate the costs for 65 countries and 35 sectors. Our estimates suggest that up to 49 percent of the global economic costs of the pandemic in 2021 are borne by the advanced economies even if they achieve universal vaccination in their own countries.
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covid 19 and emerging markets an epidemiological model with International Production networks and capital flows
Social Science Research Network, 2020Co-Authors: Cem Cakmakli, Selva Demiralp, Sevcan Yesiltas, Muhammed A Yildirim, Sebnem Kalemli OzcanAbstract:We quantify the macroeconomic effects of COVID-19 for a small open economy by calibrating a SIR-multi-sector-macro model. We measure sectoral supply shocks utilizing teleworking and physical job proximity, and demand shocks with credit card purchases. Both shocks are also affected from changing infection rates under different lockdown scenarios. Being an open economy amplifies the economic costs through two main channels. First, the demand shock has domestic and external components. Second, the initial shock is magnified due to domestic and International input-output linkages.
Ralph Ossa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a new trade theory of gatt wto negotiations
Journal of Political Economy, 2011Co-Authors: Ralph OssaAbstract:I suggest a novel theory of GATT/WTO negotiations based on Krugman's "new trade" model. It emphasizes International Production relocations and is easy to calibrate to bilateral trade data. Focusing on the major players in recent GATT/WTO negotiations, I find that it implies reasonable noncooperative tariffs as well as moderate gains from GATT/WTO negotiations.
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a new trade theory of gatt wto negotiations
National Bureau of Economic Research, 2010Co-Authors: Ralph OssaAbstract:I suggest a novel theory of GATT/WTO negotiations based on the Krugman (1980) "new trade" model. It emphasizes International Production relocations and is easy to calibrate to bilateral trade data. Focusing on the major players in recent GATT/WTO negotiations, I find that it implies reasonable noncooperative tariffs as well as moderate gains from GATT/WTO negotiations.