The Experts below are selected from a list of 100296 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Eric A Secemsky - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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trends in utilization and spending on remote monitoring of pacemakers and implantable cardioverter defibrillators among medicare beneficiaries
Heart Rhythm, 2020Co-Authors: Jessica N Holtzman, Rishi K Wadhera, Eunhee Choi, Tianyi Zhao, Eric A SecemskyAbstract:Background National trends and costs associated with remote and in-office Interrogations of pacemakers and implantable cardioverter–defibrillators (ICDs) have not been previously described. Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate utilization and Medicare spending for remote monitoring and in-office Interrogations for pacemakers and ICDs. Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study of claims and spending for remote and in-office Interrogations of pacemakers and ICDs for Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries from 2012 to 2015. Aggregate and per-beneficiary claims and spending were calculated for each device type. Results Among all patients, 41.9% were female and the mean age was 78.3 years. From 2012 to 2015, remote monitoring utilization increased sharply. Aggregate professional remote monitoring claims for pacemakers increased by 61.3% and for ICDs by 5.6%, with an increase in technical claims (combined for pacemakers and ICDs) of 32.8%. Spending on all remote and in-office Interrogations for these devices totaled $160 million per year, with remote costs increasing nearly 25% from $45.4 million in 2012 to $56.7 million in 2015. At the beneficiary level, remote Interrogations increased for pacemakers from 0.6 to 0.9 per year, and for ICDs from 1.3 to 1.4 per year, whereas in-office Interrogations decreased from 2.8 to 2.7 per year and from 3.0 to 2.9 per year, respectively. Beneficiary-level analysis revealed increased expenditures on remote Interrogation offset by decreases in in-office expenditures, with total annual spending decreasing by $2 and $5 per beneficiary, respectively. Conclusion Remote monitoring utilization increased substantially from 2012 to 2015, whereas annual costs per beneficiary decreased.
Richard A Leo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Interrogation related regulatory decline ego depletion failures of self regulation and the decision to confess
Psychology Public Policy and Law, 2012Co-Authors: Deborah Davis, Richard A LeoAbstract:As reflected in rulings ranging from trial courts to the U.S. Supreme Court, our judiciary commonly views as “voluntary,” and admits into evidence, Interrogationinduced confessions obtained under conditions entailing stressors sufficient to severely compromise or eliminate the rational decision making capacities and self-regulation abilities necessary to justify such a view. Such decisions reflect, and sometimes explicitly state, assumptions soundly contradicted by science regarding the capacity of normal suspects lacking mental defect to withstand such stressors as severe fatigue, sleep deprivation, emotional distress—and aversive Interrogation length, tactics and circumstances—and nevertheless resist the powerful pressures of the Interrogation to self-incriminate. Notwithstanding excessive length and other severe Interrogation-related stressors and tactics demonstrably associated with elicitation of false confessions, judges overwhelmingly admit confessions into evidence and juries overwhelmingly convict. In this review, we introduce the concept of “Interrogation-related regulatory decline” (IRRD)—or decline in the self-regulation abilities necessary to resist the forces of influence inherent to Interrogation. We review scientific evidence of the unexpected ease with which self-regulation abilities can be significantly compromised, with the hope that this evidence can (a) encourage more evidence-based objectivity, realism, clarity and specificity in the criteria for assessing voluntariness underlying admissibility decisions, (b) promote reforms aimed at prevention of Interrogation practices entailing substantial risk of severe IRRD, and (c) encourage more scholarly research on acute sources of interrogative suggestibility.
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Interrogation related regulatory decline ego depletion failures of self regulation and the decision to confess
Social Science Research Network, 2011Co-Authors: Deborah Davis, Richard A LeoAbstract:As reflected in rulings ranging from Trial Courts to the U.S. Supreme Court, our judiciary commonly views as “voluntary,” and admits into evidence, Interrogation-induced confessions obtained under conditions entailing stressors sufficient to severely compromise or eliminate the rational decision making capacities and self-regulation abilities necessary to justify such a view. Such decisions reflect, and sometimes explicitly state, assumptions soundly contradicted by science regarding the capacity of normal suspects lacking mental defect to withstand such stressors as severe fatigue, sleep deprivation, emotional distress – and aversive Interrogation length, tactics and circumstances – and nevertheless resist the powerful pressures of the Interrogation to self-incriminate. Notwithstanding excessive length and other severe Interrogation-related stressors and tactics demonstrably associated with elicitation of false confessions, judges overwhelmingly admit confessions into evidence and juries overwhelmingly convict. In this review, we introduce the concept of “Interrogation-related regulatory decline” (IRRD) – or decline in the self-regulation abilities necessary to resist the forces of influence inherent to Interrogation. We review scientific evidence of the unexpected ease with which self-regulation abilities can be significantly compromised, with the hope that this evidence can (1) encourage more evidence-based objectivity, realism, clarity and specificity in the criteria for assessing voluntariness underlying admissibility decisions, (2) promote reforms aimed at prevention of Interrogation practices entailing substantial risk of severe Interrogation-related regulatory decline, and (3) encourage more scholarly research on acute sources of interrogative suggestibility.
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the decision to confess falsely rational choice and irrational action
2008Co-Authors: Richard A Leo, Richard OfsheAbstract:Using empirical evidence from police Interrogations in a few national and international jurisdictions, this article studies the dynamics of confessions in the American criminal justice system. The article documents the process of Interrogation and explains why police-induced false confessions, like truthful ones, are rational responses to the influence tactics and manipulation strategies that American police use during Interrogation. The article argues that false confessions occur when Interrogation tactics are not understood and are misused by law enforcement, most often due to negligence or improper training. Finally, the article discusses how to better identify false confessions and decrease the miscarriages of justice caused by them.
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miranda s revenge police Interrogation as a confidence game
Social Science Research Network, 2008Co-Authors: Richard A LeoAbstract:This article explores the intricacies and mechanics of police Interrogations in light of the Miranda decision. Legal scholars have yet to resolve the question of why suspects usually waive their rights and provide incriminating admissions and confessions. This article argues that the answer to this question lies in the nature of contemporary Interrogation strategies. By developing sophisticated Interrogation strategies based on manipulation, deception, and persuasion, the American police have replaced coercive pre-Miranda Interrogation practices with manipulative and deceptive tactics that resemble the structure and sequence of a classic confidence game. The article concludes that Miranda's enduring legacy has been to transform police power inside the Interrogation room without undermining its effectiveness.
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questioning the relevance of miranda in the twenty first century
Social Science Research Network, 2008Co-Authors: Richard A LeoAbstract:Is the Miranda v. Arizona decision a significant influence on the American criminal justice system in the twenty-first century? This article assesses two generations of legal research on Miranda in order to evaluate Miranda's effect on police Interrogations, confessions and convictions, and the American public at large. The conclusion is that Miranda marginally limits interrogators from eliciting confessions, its influence on the criminal institution is overstated, and the decision provides few benefits to criminal suspects. The article also suggests that legal scholars devote more energy to the empirical study of police Interrogations and confessions. Finally, this article argues for mandating video or audio recording of police Interrogations in order to promote Interrogation reform. Such electronic recordings would create an objective, comprehensive, and reviewable record of the Interrogation for all parties. Additionally, recording Interrogations would furnish scholars with valuable empirical data.
Jessica N Holtzman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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trends in utilization and spending on remote monitoring of pacemakers and implantable cardioverter defibrillators among medicare beneficiaries
Heart Rhythm, 2020Co-Authors: Jessica N Holtzman, Rishi K Wadhera, Eunhee Choi, Tianyi Zhao, Eric A SecemskyAbstract:Background National trends and costs associated with remote and in-office Interrogations of pacemakers and implantable cardioverter–defibrillators (ICDs) have not been previously described. Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate utilization and Medicare spending for remote monitoring and in-office Interrogations for pacemakers and ICDs. Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study of claims and spending for remote and in-office Interrogations of pacemakers and ICDs for Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries from 2012 to 2015. Aggregate and per-beneficiary claims and spending were calculated for each device type. Results Among all patients, 41.9% were female and the mean age was 78.3 years. From 2012 to 2015, remote monitoring utilization increased sharply. Aggregate professional remote monitoring claims for pacemakers increased by 61.3% and for ICDs by 5.6%, with an increase in technical claims (combined for pacemakers and ICDs) of 32.8%. Spending on all remote and in-office Interrogations for these devices totaled $160 million per year, with remote costs increasing nearly 25% from $45.4 million in 2012 to $56.7 million in 2015. At the beneficiary level, remote Interrogations increased for pacemakers from 0.6 to 0.9 per year, and for ICDs from 1.3 to 1.4 per year, whereas in-office Interrogations decreased from 2.8 to 2.7 per year and from 3.0 to 2.9 per year, respectively. Beneficiary-level analysis revealed increased expenditures on remote Interrogation offset by decreases in in-office expenditures, with total annual spending decreasing by $2 and $5 per beneficiary, respectively. Conclusion Remote monitoring utilization increased substantially from 2012 to 2015, whereas annual costs per beneficiary decreased.
Sinclair S Yee - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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surface plasmon resonance sensors based on diffraction gratings and prism couplers sensitivity comparison
Sensors and Actuators B-chemical, 1999Co-Authors: Jiři Homola, Ivo Koudela, Sinclair S YeeAbstract:Abstract Theoretical analysis and comparison of the sensitivity of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors using diffraction at gratings and attenuated total reflection (ATR) in prism couplers for two detection methods-resonant angle Interrogation and resonant wavelength Interrogation is presented. Analytical expressions for sensitivity of these SPR sensors are derived and the influence of the major design parameters of the sensing structures on the sensor sensitivity is discussed. The analysis shows that grating-based SPR sensors using wavelength Interrogation are much less sensitive then their prism coupler-based counterparts. In the angular Interrogation mode, the sensitivity of SPR sensors using diffraction gratings depends on the diffraction order and does not differ much from that of SPR sensors based on prism couplers.
Christian A Meissner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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developing an evidence based perspective on Interrogation a review of the u s government s high value detainee Interrogation group research program
Psychology Public Policy and Law, 2017Co-Authors: Christian A Meissner, Frances Surmonbohr, Simon Oleszkiewicz, Laurence AlisonAbstract:Interrogation practices in the United States have been roundly criticized both for their accusatorial ethos, at times leading to false confessions by the innocent, and for a history of applying physical and psychological coercion in law enforcement, military, and intelligence contexts. Despite decades of psychological research demonstrating the failures of such approaches and despite recent positive advances in countries such as the United Kingdom moving to an information-gathering framework, little change has occurred in the training or practice of U.S. Interrogation professionals over the past 50 years. This article describes recent historical events that have led to the development of the first unclassified, government-funded research program on the science of interviewing and Interrogation. Since 2010, the High-Value Detainee Interrogation Group (HIG) research program has identified effective approaches for developing cooperation and rapport, eliciting information, challenging inconsistencies by presenting evidence or information strategically, and assessing credibility using cognitive cues and strategic questioning tactics. The program has also examined the influence of culture and language, and has facilitated the translation of research from the laboratory to the field. In this context, we review the significant contributions of psychologists to understanding and developing ethical, legal, and effective Interrogation practices, and we describe important future directions for research on investigative interviewing and Interrogation.
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an empirical evaluation of intelligence gathering Interrogation techniques from the united states army field manual
Applied Cognitive Psychology, 2014Co-Authors: Jacqueline R Evans, Christian A Meissner, Amy B Ross, Kate A Houston, Julia R Labianca, Skye A Woestehoff, Steven M KleinmanAbstract:Summary Despite growing interest in intelligence interviewing, there is little empirical research directly addressing Interrogations conducted with the goal of collecting human intelligence (HUMINT). The current study used an experimental intelligence-gathering paradigm to test the efficacy of two clusters of emotion-based Interrogation approaches from the US Army Field Manual. Results suggest that both Positive and Negative Emotional Approaches increased the collection of information from both guilty and innocent participants when compared with a Direct Approach. While the emotional approaches produced similar gains in information regardless of valence, positive approaches reduced anxiety, increased perceptions of a fostering atmosphere, and enhanced the relationship between fostering atmosphere and information gain. The implications for the use of these techniques in the intelligence interviewing context are discussed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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obtaining guilty knowledge in human intelligence Interrogations comparing accusatorial and information gathering approaches with a novel experimental paradigm
Journal of applied research in memory and cognition, 2013Co-Authors: Jacqueline R Evans, Melissa B Russano, Christian A Meissner, Amy B Ross, Kate A Houston, Allyson J HorganAbstract:Abstract Substantial research has assessed Interrogations seeking to obtain a criminal confession, and consequently much has been learned regarding the potential problems with confession evidence. However, an increasing focus on counter-terrorism, and therefore intelligence Interrogations, reveals an obvious gap in the literature. Intelligence Interrogations are primarily focused on collecting information from individuals as opposed to a confession linked to an alleged event, and little of the extant psychological literature can speak directly to such a scenario. The current research developed an experimental paradigm to test Interrogation approaches in an intelligence-gathering context, providing a method for gathering empirical data on human intelligence collection. In the first implementation of this paradigm, accusatorial and information-gathering Interrogation strategies were tested using a procedure high in psychological realism. Results indicate that an information-gathering approach yields more relevant information than an accusatorial approach and leads to more diagnostic impressions by third party observers.
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criminal versus humint Interrogations the importance of psychological science to improving interrogative practice
The Journal of psychiatry & law, 2010Co-Authors: Jacqueline R Evans, Melissa B Russano, Christian A Meissner, Susan E Brandon, Steve M KleinmanAbstract:The discovery of many cases of wrongful conviction in the criminal justice system involving admissions from innocent suspects has led psychologists to examine the factors contributing to false confessions. However, little systematic research has assessed the processes underlying Human Intelligence (HUMINT) Interrogations relating to military and intelligence operations. The current article examines the similarities and differences between Interrogations in criminal and HUMINT settings, and discusses the extent to which the current empirical literature can be applied to criminal and/or HUMINT Interrogations. Finally, areas of future research are considered in light of the need for improving HUMINT Interrogation.
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police interviewing and Interrogation a self report survey of police practices and beliefs
Law and Human Behavior, 2007Co-Authors: Saul M Kassin, Christian A Meissner, Richard A Leo, Kimberly D Richman, Lori H Colwell, Amymay Leach, Dana La FonAbstract:By questionnaire, 631 police investigators reported on their Interrogation beliefs and practices—the first such survey ever conducted. Overall, participants estimated that they were 77% accurate at truth and lie detection, that 81% of suspects waive Miranda rights, that the mean length of Interrogation is 1.6 hours, and that they elicit self-incriminating statements from 68% of suspects, 4.78% from innocents. Overall, 81% felt that Interrogations should be recorded. As for self-reported usage of various Interrogation tactics, the most common were to physically isolate suspects, identify contradictions in suspects’ accounts, establish rapport, confront suspects with evidence of their guilt, and appeal to self-interests. Results were discussed for their consistency with prior research, policy implications, and methodological shortcomings.
