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George Bonorris - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Slowing of Gastrointestinal Transit by Oleic Acid
Digestive Diseases and Sciences, 2001Co-Authors: Gregg W. Van Citters, Felicia Heimer, George BonorrisAbstract:Chronic diarrhea may occur when gastrointestinal Transit is abnormally rapid. We hypothesized that oleic acid given prior to a meal would slow gastrointestinal Transit and reduce diarrhea by activating nutrient-triggered inhibitory feedback mechanisms in the small Intestine. Transit Time was measured in eight normal subjects following ingestion of a control emulsion (0 ml oleic acid), and in 45 patients with chronic diarrhea following ingestion of emulsions containing 0, 1.6, and 3.2 ml oleic acid. Stool volume and frequency on and off treatment were compared. Transit Time in normal subjects was 102.4 ± 11.2 min (mean ± se). Transit Times in patients was shorter at 29.3 ± 2.8 min with the 0-ml dose (P < 0.001), but increased to 57.2 ± 4.5 min with the 1.6-ml dose and to 83.3 ± 5.2 min with the 3.2-ml dose (P < 0.001). In the 18 patients who provided stool records, frequency of bowel movements decreased from 6.9 ± 0.8 to 5.4 ± 0.9 bowel movements/24 hr (P < 0.05) and stool volume decreased from 1829.0 ± 368.6 to 1322.5 ± 256.9 ml/24 hr with treatment (P < 0.05). An emulsion containing oleic acid slowed gastrointestinal Transit and reduced diarrhea by activating nutrient-triggered inhibitory feedback mechanisms in the small Intestine.
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Slowing of gastrointestinal Transit by oleic acid: a preliminary report of a novel, nutrient-based treatment in humans.
Digestive Diseases and Sciences, 2001Co-Authors: Gregg W. Van Citters, Felicia Heimer, George BonorrisAbstract:Chronic diarrhea may occur when gastrointestinal Transit is abnormally rapid. We hypothesized that oleic acid given prior to a meal would slow gastrointestinal Transit and reduce diarrhea by activating nutrient-triggered inhibitory feedback mechanisms in the small Intestine. Transit Time was measured in eight normal subjects following ingestion of a control emulsion (0 ml oleic acid), and in 45 patients with chronic diarrhea following ingestion of emulsions containing 0, 1.6, and 3.2 ml oleic acid. Stool volume and frequency on and off treatment were compared. Transit Time in normal subjects was 102.4 ± 11.2 min (mean ± se). Transit Times in patients was shorter at 29.3 ± 2.8 min with the 0-ml dose (P < 0.001), but increased to 57.2 ± 4.5 min with the 1.6-ml dose and to 83.3 ± 5.2 min with the 3.2-ml dose (P < 0.001). In the 18 patients who provided stool records, frequency of bowel movements decreased from 6.9 ± 0.8 to 5.4 ± 0.9 bowel movements/24 hr (P < 0.05) and stool volume decreased from 1829.0 ± 368.6 to 1322.5 ± 256.9 ml/24 hr with treatment (P < 0.05). An emulsion containing oleic acid slowed gastrointestinal Transit and reduced diarrhea by activating nutrient-triggered inhibitory feedback mechanisms in the small Intestine.
Gregg W. Van Citters - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Slowing of Gastrointestinal Transit by Oleic Acid
Digestive Diseases and Sciences, 2001Co-Authors: Gregg W. Van Citters, Felicia Heimer, George BonorrisAbstract:Chronic diarrhea may occur when gastrointestinal Transit is abnormally rapid. We hypothesized that oleic acid given prior to a meal would slow gastrointestinal Transit and reduce diarrhea by activating nutrient-triggered inhibitory feedback mechanisms in the small Intestine. Transit Time was measured in eight normal subjects following ingestion of a control emulsion (0 ml oleic acid), and in 45 patients with chronic diarrhea following ingestion of emulsions containing 0, 1.6, and 3.2 ml oleic acid. Stool volume and frequency on and off treatment were compared. Transit Time in normal subjects was 102.4 ± 11.2 min (mean ± se). Transit Times in patients was shorter at 29.3 ± 2.8 min with the 0-ml dose (P < 0.001), but increased to 57.2 ± 4.5 min with the 1.6-ml dose and to 83.3 ± 5.2 min with the 3.2-ml dose (P < 0.001). In the 18 patients who provided stool records, frequency of bowel movements decreased from 6.9 ± 0.8 to 5.4 ± 0.9 bowel movements/24 hr (P < 0.05) and stool volume decreased from 1829.0 ± 368.6 to 1322.5 ± 256.9 ml/24 hr with treatment (P < 0.05). An emulsion containing oleic acid slowed gastrointestinal Transit and reduced diarrhea by activating nutrient-triggered inhibitory feedback mechanisms in the small Intestine.
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Slowing of gastrointestinal Transit by oleic acid: a preliminary report of a novel, nutrient-based treatment in humans.
Digestive Diseases and Sciences, 2001Co-Authors: Gregg W. Van Citters, Felicia Heimer, George BonorrisAbstract:Chronic diarrhea may occur when gastrointestinal Transit is abnormally rapid. We hypothesized that oleic acid given prior to a meal would slow gastrointestinal Transit and reduce diarrhea by activating nutrient-triggered inhibitory feedback mechanisms in the small Intestine. Transit Time was measured in eight normal subjects following ingestion of a control emulsion (0 ml oleic acid), and in 45 patients with chronic diarrhea following ingestion of emulsions containing 0, 1.6, and 3.2 ml oleic acid. Stool volume and frequency on and off treatment were compared. Transit Time in normal subjects was 102.4 ± 11.2 min (mean ± se). Transit Times in patients was shorter at 29.3 ± 2.8 min with the 0-ml dose (P < 0.001), but increased to 57.2 ± 4.5 min with the 1.6-ml dose and to 83.3 ± 5.2 min with the 3.2-ml dose (P < 0.001). In the 18 patients who provided stool records, frequency of bowel movements decreased from 6.9 ± 0.8 to 5.4 ± 0.9 bowel movements/24 hr (P < 0.05) and stool volume decreased from 1829.0 ± 368.6 to 1322.5 ± 256.9 ml/24 hr with treatment (P < 0.05). An emulsion containing oleic acid slowed gastrointestinal Transit and reduced diarrhea by activating nutrient-triggered inhibitory feedback mechanisms in the small Intestine.
Mark L Anderson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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An open label study to determine the effects of an oral proteolytic enzyme system on whey protein concentrate metabolism in healthy males
Journal of The International Society of Sports Nutrition, 2008Co-Authors: Julius Eyong Oben, Shil Kothari, Mark L AndersonAbstract:Background: Current research suggests that protein intake of 1.5 – 2.8 g/kg/day (3.5 Times the current recommended daily allowance) is effective and safe for individuals trying to increase or maintain lean muscle mass. To achieve these levels of daily protein consumption, supplementing the diet with processed whey protein concentrate (WPC) in liquid form has become a popular choice for many people. Some products have a suggested serving size as high as 50 g of protein. However, due to possible inhibition of endogenous digestive enzymes from over-processing and rapid small Intestine Transit Time, the average amount of liquid WPC that is absorbed may be only 15 g. The combined effect of these factors may contribute to incomplete digestion, thereby limiting the absorption rate of protein before it reaches the ceacum and is eliminated as waste. The purpose of this study was to determine if Aminogen®, a patented blend of digestive proteases from Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus oryzae, would significantly increase the in-vivo absorption rate of processed WPC over control values. It also investigated if any increase would be sufficient to significantly alter nitrogen (N2) balance and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels over control values as further evidence of increased WPC absorption rate. Methods: Two groups of healthy male subjects were assigned a specified balanced diet before and after each of two legs of the study. Subjects served as their own controls. In the first leg each control group (CG) was dosed with 50 g of WPC following an overnight fast. Nine days later each test group (TG) was dosed following an overnight fast with 50 g of WPC containing either 2.5 g (A2.5) or 5 g (A5) of Aminogen ® . Blood samples were collected during each leg at 0 hr, 0.5 hr, 1 hr, 2 hr, 3 hr, 3.5 hr and 4 hr for amino acid (AA) and CRP analyses. The following 18 AAs were quantified: alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine and valine. Urine was collected for 24 hours from 0 hr for total N2 analysis. Results are expressed as means ± SEM. All significance and power testing on results was done at a level of alpha = 0.05. Area under the concentration Time curve (AUC) was calculated using the trapezoidal rule. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA-1) was done between CGs, between TGs and between Time points. One-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA-1-RM) was done to compare CGs and
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An open label study to determine the effects of an oral proteolytic enzyme system on whey protein concentrate metabolism in healthy males
Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 2008Co-Authors: Julius Eyong Oben, Shil C Kothari, Mark L AndersonAbstract:Background Current research suggests that protein intake of 1.5 – 2.8 g/kg/day (3.5 Times the current recommended daily allowance) is effective and safe for individuals trying to increase or maintain lean muscle mass. To achieve these levels of daily protein consumption, supplementing the diet with processed whey protein concentrate (WPC) in liquid form has become a popular choice for many people. Some products have a suggested serving size as high as 50 g of protein. However, due to possible inhibition of endogenous digestive enzymes from over-processing and rapid small Intestine Transit Time, the average amount of liquid WPC that is absorbed may be only 15 g. The combined effect of these factors may contribute to incomplete digestion, thereby limiting the absorption rate of protein before it reaches the ceacum and is eliminated as waste. The purpose of this study was to determine if Aminogen^®, a patented blend of digestive proteases from Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus oryzae , would significantly increase the in-vivo absorption rate of processed WPC over control values. It also investigated if any increase would be sufficient to significantly alter nitrogen (N2) balance and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels over control values as further evidence of increased WPC absorption rate. Methods Two groups of healthy male subjects were assigned a specified balanced diet before and after each of two legs of the study. Subjects served as their own controls. In the first leg each control group (CG) was dosed with 50 g of WPC following an overnight fast. Nine days later each test group (TG) was dosed following an overnight fast with 50 g of WPC containing either 2.5 g (A2.5) or 5 g (A5) of Aminogen^®. Blood samples were collected during each leg at 0 hr, 0.5 hr, 1 hr, 2 hr, 3 hr, 3.5 hr and 4 hr for amino acid (AA) and CRP analyses. The following 18 AAs were quantified: alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine and valine. Urine was collected for 24 hours from 0 hr for total N2 analysis. Results are expressed as means ± SEM. All significance and power testing on results was done at a level of alpha = 0.05. Area under the concentration Time curve (AUC) was calculated using the trapezoidal rule. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA-1) was done between CGs, between TGs and between Time points. One-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA-1-RM) was done to compare CGs and TGs. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA-2) was performed on total serum amino acid (TSAA) levels, urine N2 levels and CRP levels between each CG and TG. Results After baseline subtraction the mean AUC was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) greater in each TG compared the corresponding CG. Comparison of the mean AUC between each TG and each CG was not significantly different. Total serum amino acid (TSAA) levels were significantly greater in each TG compared the corresponding CG. They were also significantly different between each TG but not between each CG. All individual serum amino acid (ISAA) levels in TG-A2.5 except glycine, histidine, methionine and serine were significantly higher than in CG-A2.5 at 4 hr. All ISAA levels in TG-A5 except methionine and serine were significantly higher than in CG-A5 at 4 hr. The N2 balance was significantly higher in each TG compared to the corresponding CG, but not significantly different between each CG and between each TG. Significant differences in CRP levels are reported between each TG compared to the corresponding CG, but not significantly different between each TG and between each CG. Conclusion A patented blend of digestive proteases (Aminogen^®) increased the absorption rate of processed WPC over controls, as measured by statistically significant increases in AUC, TSAA levels, ISAA levels and N2 balance. Significant decreases in CRP levels and fluxes in AA levels are also reported.
Abdul W. Basit - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Meal-Induced Acceleration of Tablet Transit Through the Human Small Intestine
Pharmaceutical Research, 2009Co-Authors: Hala M. Fadda, Emma L. Mcconnell, Michael D. Short, Abdul W. BasitAbstract:Purpose The Transit of dosage forms through the small Intestine is considered to be constant at around 3 h, and unaffected by the presence of food. Here we address this assumption and examine how the timing of tablet and food administration can influence small Intestine Transit Time. Methods A non-disintegrating, radiolabelled tablet was given to ten healthy volunteers in a three-way crossover study using three different feeding regimens (1) fasted (tablet administered on an empty stomach and food withheld for four hours) (2) fed (tablet administered after food) and (3) pre-feed (tablet administered 45 min before food). Tablet Transit through the gastrointestinal tract was followed using gamma scintigraphy. Results The small intestinal Transit Times of tablets after fasted and fed dosing regimens were similar, median 204 and 210 min respectively. With the pre-feed dose, small intestinal Transit Time was significantly shorter than in the fasted or fed state at 141 min. With this dosing regimen, in six of the volunteers tablets were in the upper small Intestine when food arrived and these had a median small intestinal Transit Time of 100 min. Conclusions The timing of food ingestion has a clear effect on small intestinal Transit of single-unit formulations and this has implications for drug bioavailability.
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Meal-Induced Acceleration of Tablet Transit Through the Human Small Intestine
Pharmaceutical Research, 2008Co-Authors: Hala M. Fadda, Emma L. Mcconnell, Michael D. Short, Abdul W. BasitAbstract:Purpose The Transit of dosage forms through the small Intestine is considered to be constant at around 3 h, and unaffected by the presence of food. Here we address this assumption and examine how the timing of tablet and food administration can influence small Intestine Transit Time.
Xia Zhen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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clinical value of radionuclide small Intestine Transit Time measurement combined with lactulose hydrogen breath test for the diagnosis of bacterial overgrowth in irritable bowel syndrome
Hellenic Journal of Nuclear Medicine, 2016Co-Authors: Yanli Ning, Zhongke Huang, Dongfang Chen, Huacheng Huang, Liang Chen, Bucheng Zhang, Jianmin Zhao, Xia ZhenAbstract:OBJECTIVE: Small Intestine bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) may be a pathogenetic factor for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). This syndrome cannot be explained by structural abnormalities and has no specific diagnostic laboratory tests or biomarkers. We studied quantitatively and semi-quantitatively, using lactulose hydrogen breath test (LHBT), small intestinal Transit Time (SITT) (99m)technetium-diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid ((99m)Tc-DTPA) in order to examine the mobility of small Intestine as an indication of bacterial overgrowth in patients. METHODS: Eighty nine consecutive patients who met Rome criteria for IBS were retrospectively studied. According to the diagnostic criteria, all patients were divided into two groups: the SIBO group and the non-SIBO group. The tracer was a mixture of 10g lactulose, 37MBq (99m)Tc-DTPA and 100mL water. The patient drank the whole mixture during 1min and the SITT study started immediately. The SITT and the LHBT followed every 15min for up to 3h after emptying the urine bladder. Spearman's rank correlation was applied to assess the correlation of oro-cecum Transit Time (OCTT) between imaging and LHBT. The semi-quantitative index between the SIBO group and the non-SIBO group was analyzed with Wilcoxon's rank sum test. If there was significant group difference, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used. P<0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: The median and inter-quartile range for OCTT for the LHBT (OCTT-L) for all patients was 90min and 60min, respectively, and 75min and 45min for OCTT for the SITT study (OCTT-i). There was positive correlation between OCTT-L and OCTT-i at the 0.05 level (R=0.290, P=0.000). There were no differences in OCTT-i and in the rate of radioactivity (counts of regions of interest ROI) over the abdomen between the SIBO group and the non-SIBO group (P=0.116 and 0.290). There were significant differences in the temporal association of the hydrogen (H2) value with OCTT-i (H2-i) and OCTT-L between the two groups (P=0.000 and 0.000). The areas under the curve (AUC) of H2-i and OCTT-L were 0.749 and 0.138 respectively. CONCLUSION: Small intestinal Transit Time study using a lactose hydrogen breath test and (99m)Tc-DTPA is a real-Time test for small Intestine bacteria overgrowth in IBS patients and can be used as an indicator of the disease.
