The Experts below are selected from a list of 276 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Gillian S Mchattie - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Ion Transport in glassy polymer electrolytes
Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 1999Co-Authors: Corrie T. Imrie, Malcolm D Ingram, Gillian S MchattieAbstract:The existence is reported of a new class of polymer electrolytes, containing polyether backbones and pendent mesogenic groups. These are amorphous (and sometimes liquid crystalline) polymeric solids with sub-Tg conductivities approaching 10-5 S cm-1 at ambient temperatures. The apparent decoupling of Ion Transport from structural relaxatIons in the host material implies the existence of a truly “solid” polymer electrolyte, which also implies a link between Ion-Transport mechanisms in glasses and in polymeric materials. In future it should be possible to develop materials for a variety of electrochemical applicatIons, based on this new design strategy.
Vadim Volkov - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Mechanisms of Ion Transport in Halophytes: From Roots to Leaves
Sabkha Ecosystems, 2019Co-Authors: Vadim Volkov, Timothy J. FlowersAbstract:The chapter describes peculiarities of Ion Transport in halophytic plants, aiming to help understand the mechanisms important for their tolerance of salt. An initial introductIon to methods for studying Ion Transport is followed by analysis of Ion Transport from a broad thermodynamic point of view. Further detailed survey of Ion channels and Ion Transporters in plants adds to the picture of Ion Transport pathways through cell membranes. A typical ‘generalised’ plant cell is depicted to illustrate the variety of Ion Transport systems known so far for all plants. This serves as a basis for a comparison of Ion Transport in salt-sensitive glycophytes and salt-tolerant halophytes. Next, there is a descriptIon of what we know of Transport systems in halophytes, beginning from the thermodynamics of Ion Transport under salinity. In halophytes, low negative stable plasma membrane potentials and cytoplasmic Na+ concentratIons that are often higher than in glycophytes are important for their life under salinity. Comparison of similar pairs of plants with contrasting halophytic and glycophytic habits allows us to find specific features of Ion Transport essential for high salinity tolerance. Mechanisms of high- and low-affinity sodium Transport in halophytes are briefly characterised to explain and stress the increased accumulatIon of Na+ by halophytes compared to glycophytes. DescriptIon of Ion channels and Transporters in halophytes and pathways of Ion Transport from nutrient solutIon to their roots, then to the xylem and finally to leaves completes the chapter. Problems and unsolved questIons are proposed for the future study of Ion Transport in halophytes.
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Salinity Tolerance in Plants: Mechanisms and RegulatIon of Ion Transport - Salinity Tolerance in Plants: Mechanisms and RegulatIon of Ion Transport
Frontiers Research Topics, 2018Co-Authors: Vadim Volkov, Mary J. BeilbyAbstract:Life presumably arose in the primeval oceans with similar or even greater salinity than the present ocean, so the ancient cells were designed to withstand salinity. However, the immediate ancestors of land plants most likely lived in fresh, or slightly brackish, water. The fresh/brackish water origins might explain why many land plants, including some cereals, can withstand moderate salinity, but only 1 – 2 % of all the higher plant species were able to re-discover their saline origins again and survive at increased salinities close to that of seawater. From a practical side, salinity is among the major threats to agriculture, having been one of the reasons for the demise of the ancient Mesopotamian Sumer civilisatIon and in the present time causing huge annual economic losses of over 10 billIon USD. The effects of salinity on plants include osmotic stress, disruptIon of membrane Ion Transport, direct toxicity of high cytoplasmic concentratIons of sodium and chloride on cellular processes and induced oxidative stress. Ion Transport is the crucial starting point that determines salinity tolerance in plants. Transport via membranes is mediated mostly by the Ion channels and Transporters, which ensure selective passage of specific Ions. The molecular and structural diversity of these Ion channels and Transporters is amazing. Obtaining the detailed descriptIons of distinct Ion channels and Transporters present in halophytes, marine algae and salt-tolerant fungi and then progressing to the cellular and the whole organism mechanisms, is one of the logical ways to understand high salinity tolerance. Transfer of the genes from halophytes to agricultural crops is a means to increase salt tolerance of the crops. The theoretical scientific approaches involve protein chemistry, structure-functIon relatIons of membrane proteins, synthetic biology, systems biology and physiology of stress and Ion homeostasis. At the time of compiling this e-book many aspects of Ion Transport under salinity stress are not yet well understood. The e-book has attracted researchers in Ion Transport and salinity tolerance. We have combined our efforts to achieve a wider, more detailed understanding of salt tolerance in plants mediated by Ion Transport, to understand present and future ways to modify and manipulate Ion Transport and salinity tolerance and also to find natural limits for the modificatIons.
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Salinity tolerance in plants: attempts to manipulate Ion Transport
arXiv: Subcellular Processes, 2014Co-Authors: Vadim VolkovAbstract:Ion Transport is the major determining factor of salinity tolerance in plants. A simple scheme of a plant cell with Ion fluxes provides basic understanding of Ion Transport and the corresponding changes of Ion concentratIons under salinity. The review describes in detail basic principles of Ion Transport for a plant cell, introduces set of Transporters essential for sodium and potassium uptake and efflux, analyses driving forces of Ion Transport and compares Ion fluxes measured by several techniques. Study of differences in Ion Transport between salt tolerant halophytes and salt-sensitive plants with an emphasis on Transport of potassium and sodium via plasma membranes offers knowledge for increasing salinity tolerance. Effects of salt stress on Ion Transport properties of membranes show huge opportunities for manipulating Ion Transport. Several attempts to overexpress or knockout Ion Transporters for changing salinity tolerance are described. Future perspectives are questIoned with more attentIon given to potential candidate Ion channels and Transporters for altered expressIon. The potential directIon of increasing salinity tolerance by modifying Ion channels and Transporters is discussed and questIoned. An alternative approach from synthetic biology is to modify the existing membrane Transport proteins or create new ones with desired properties for transforming agricultural crops. The approach had not been widely used earlier and leads also to theoretical and pure scientific aspects of protein chemistry, structure-functIon relatIons of membrane proteins, systems biology and physiology of stress and Ion homeostasis.
Lucia Becucci - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Ion Transport across biomembranes and model membranes
Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry, 2011Co-Authors: Rolando Guidelli, Lucia BecucciAbstract:The milestones formerly achieved in the comprehensIon of Ion Transport across biological membranes on the basis of electrochemical concepts and/or instrumentatIon are briefly summarized. The various types of model membranes presently employed for the investigatIon of Ion Transport across biomembranes are reviewed and their requirements for the incorporatIon and functIonal investigatIon of membrane proteins are examined. The potential of model membranes for the elucidatIon of many problems in molecular membrane biology and for the realizatIon of microarray sensors individually addressable to membrane proteins by electrochemical means is assessed.
B. R. Barber - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Ion Transport Abnormalities in the Development of HypertensIon
Nephrology, 1991Co-Authors: Giuseppe Bianchi, Daniele Cusi, Patrizia Ferrari, Maria Grazia Tripodi, B. R. BarberAbstract:During the last decade mechanisms of Ion Transport across the cell membrane have been studied by many investigators interested in arterial hypertensIon [1–4], because Ion Transport is fundamental in the regulatIon of body fluids, renal functIon, hormone secretIon and activity, nerve activity, etc. So far, many abnormalities of various Ion Transport systems have been described in hypertensive rats and in men with “hereditary” forms of hypertensIon. Such abnormalities regarding Na-K co-Transport [5–7], Na/Li counterTransport [6,8–10], Na/H counterTransport [11,12], Na-K pump [13], passive permeability or leak [14], Ca pump [15], Ca channels [16] etc. have been reported in the literature. Therefore, theoretically, an abnormality of Ion Transport might be involved in the pathogenesis of “hereditary” or “primary” forms of hypertensIon.
Matthias Wessling - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Ion Transport through electrolyte/polyelectrolyte multi-layers
Scientific Reports, 2015Co-Authors: Robert Femmer, Ali Mani, Matthias WesslingAbstract:Ion Transport of multi-Ionic solutIons through layered electrolyte and polyelectrolyte structures are relevant in a large variety of technical systems such as micro and nanofluidic devices, sensors, batteries and large desalinatIon process systems. We report a new direct numerical simulatIon model coined E_ n PE_ n : it allows to solve a set of first principle equatIons to predict for multiple Ions their concentratIon and electrical potential profiles in electro-chemically complex architectures of n layered electrolytes E and n polyelectrolytes PE. E_ n PE_ n can robustly capture Ion Transport in sub-millimeter architectures with submicron polyelectrolyte layers. We proof the strength of E_ n PE_ n for three yet unsolved architectures: (a) selective Na over Ca Transport in surface modified Ion selective membranes, (b) Ion Transport and water splitting in bipolar membranes and (c) Transport of weak electrolytes.
