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Jeanne D. Johansen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Isothiazolinones are still widely used in paints purchased in five European countries: a follow-up study.
Contact dermatitis, 2017Co-Authors: Andreas V. Thomsen, Jean-pierre Lepoittevin, Jakob F. Schwensen, Rossana Bossi, Piu Banerjee, Elena Giménez-arnau, Carola Lidén, Wolfgang Uter, Ian R. White, Jeanne D. JohansenAbstract:BACKGROUND An increasing incidence of contact allergy to methylIsothiazolinone (MI) has been seen, caused, in particular, by cosmetic products and paints. A study from 2015 showed that 93.0% of paints bought in five European countries contained MI. New regulations have been discussed for paints in the EU, which may have influenced this market. OBJECTIVES To re-evaluate the use and concentrations of MI and four other Isothiazolinones in water-based wall paints. METHODS Water-based white wall paints (n = 60) were purchased in retail stores in five European countries: Denmark, France, Germany, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. The paints were analysed for isothiazolione content by the use of high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to ultraviolet detection, and the results were confirmed with high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS MI was identified in 55 (91.7%) of the paints, with concentrations ranging from 1.1 to 142.7 ppm. The other Isothiazolinones were identified in 20.0% [methylchloroIsothiazolinone (MCI)] to 88.3% [benzIsothiazolinone (BIT)] of the paints. BIT concentrations varied significantly between countries, whereas MI and MCI concentrations did not. There were no statistically significant differences in MI, MCI and BIT concentrations between the current study and the 2015 study. CONCLUSIONS MI and other Isothiazolinones are widely used in paints available in Europe. Their use does not seem to be decreasing.
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occupations at risk of developing contact allergy to Isothiazolinones in danish contact dermatitis patients results from a danish multicentre study 2009 2012
Contact Dermatitis, 2014Co-Authors: Jakob F. Schwensen, Torkil Menné, Klaus Ejner Andersen, Mette Sommerlund, Jeanne D. JohansenAbstract:Summary Background In recent years, the prevalence of contact allergy to Isothiazolinones has reached epidemic levels. Few studies have presented data on occupations at risk of developing contact allergy to Isothiazolinones. Objectives To present demographics and examine risk factors for sensitization to methylIsothiazolinone (MI), methylchloroIsothiazolinone (MCI) in combination with MI and benzIsothiazolinone (BIT) in Danish dermatitis patients. Materials and methods A retrospective epidemiological analysis of data from three Danish hospitals departments was conducted. All patients consecutively patch tested with MI, MCI/MI and BIT between 2009 and 2013 were included. Results MI contact allergy showed a significantly increased trend in prevalence from 1.8% in 2009 to 4.2% in 2012 (p 40 years, and the occupational groups of tile setters/terrazzo workers, machine operators, and painters. MCI/MI contact allergy was significantly associated with the following high-risk occupations: painting, welding (blacksmiths), machine operating, and cosmetology. The occupational group of painting was frequent in the group of patients with BIT contact allergy. Conclusion Several high-risk occupations for sensitization to Isothiazolinones exist. Regulation on the allowed concentration of Isothiazolinones, and especially MI, in both consumer products and industrial products is needed.
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Isothiazolinones in commercial products at Danish workplaces.
Contact dermatitis, 2014Co-Authors: Ulrik F. Friis, Jean-pierre Lepoittevin, Torkil Menné, Mari-ann Flyvholm, Jens Peter Bonde, Christophe J. Le Coz, Jeanne D. JohansenAbstract:Summary Background In recent years, a steep increase in the frequency of occupational contact allergy to Isothiazolinones has been reported from several European countries. Objective To examine the extent and occurrence of Isothiazolinones in different types of product at Danish workplaces. Methods Seven different Isothiazolinones were identified in the Dictionary of Contact Allergens: Chemical Structures, Sources, and References from Kanerva's Occupational Dermatitis. By use of the chemical names and Chemical Abstracts Service numbers for these chemicals, information on products registered in the Danish Product Register Database (PROBAS) was obtained. Results All seven Isothiazolinones were registered in PROBAS. The top three Isothiazolinones registered were: benzIsothiazolinone (BIT), registered in 985 products, methylIsothiazolinone (MI), registered in 884 products, and methylchloroIsothiazolinone (MCI)/MI, registered in 611 products. The concentration ranges were 0.01 ppm to 45% for BIT, 0.01 ppm to 10% for MI, and 0.01 ppm to 14.1% for MCI/MI. The most common product type was ‘paint and varnish’; five of the seven Isothiazolinones were registered in this type of product. Conclusion Isothiazolinones are present in multiple products registered for use at workplaces, and may occur in high concentrations.
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methylIsothiazolinone contact allergy a growing epidemic
Contact Dermatitis, 2013Co-Authors: Michael Dyrgaard Lundov, Morten S. Opstrup, Jeanne D. JohansenAbstract:The prevalence of contact allergy to the Isothiazolinone preservative methylchloroIsothiazolinone (MCI) in combination with methylIsothiazolinone (MI) and MI alone has increased in the last couple of years. To investigate the prevalence of contact allergy to MI, MCI/MI and benzIsothiazolinone (BIT) among patch tested patients at Gentofte Hospital, as well as the use of MI in cosmetic products. Patients patch tested with either MI, MCI/MI or BIT from 2010 to 2012 were included in the study. The MOAHLFA index was registered in all patch tested patients, and relevant exposures were determined in patients with an Isothiazolinone allergy. In a market survey, the ingredient labels of cosmetic products were investigated for MI content. The prevalence of MI and MCI/MI contact allergy increased significantly from 2010 to 2012: from 2.0% to 3.7% for MI (n = 2766), and from 1.0% to 2.4% for MCI/MI (n = 2802). MI-allergic patients had occupational, hand and face dermatitis significantly more often, and were aged > 40 years. Cosmetics were the most common substances causing relevant exposure found in both MCI/MI-allergic and MI-allergic patients. MI was found in 3.3% of cosmetics on the Danish retail market. The increase in MI contact allergy is alarming, and urgent action is needed.
Jean-pierre Lepoittevin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Isothiazolinones are still widely used in paints purchased in five European countries: a follow-up study.
Contact dermatitis, 2017Co-Authors: Andreas V. Thomsen, Jean-pierre Lepoittevin, Jakob F. Schwensen, Rossana Bossi, Piu Banerjee, Elena Giménez-arnau, Carola Lidén, Wolfgang Uter, Ian R. White, Jeanne D. JohansenAbstract:BACKGROUND An increasing incidence of contact allergy to methylIsothiazolinone (MI) has been seen, caused, in particular, by cosmetic products and paints. A study from 2015 showed that 93.0% of paints bought in five European countries contained MI. New regulations have been discussed for paints in the EU, which may have influenced this market. OBJECTIVES To re-evaluate the use and concentrations of MI and four other Isothiazolinones in water-based wall paints. METHODS Water-based white wall paints (n = 60) were purchased in retail stores in five European countries: Denmark, France, Germany, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. The paints were analysed for isothiazolione content by the use of high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to ultraviolet detection, and the results were confirmed with high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS MI was identified in 55 (91.7%) of the paints, with concentrations ranging from 1.1 to 142.7 ppm. The other Isothiazolinones were identified in 20.0% [methylchloroIsothiazolinone (MCI)] to 88.3% [benzIsothiazolinone (BIT)] of the paints. BIT concentrations varied significantly between countries, whereas MI and MCI concentrations did not. There were no statistically significant differences in MI, MCI and BIT concentrations between the current study and the 2015 study. CONCLUSIONS MI and other Isothiazolinones are widely used in paints available in Europe. Their use does not seem to be decreasing.
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Contact allergy caused by Isothiazolinone derivatives: an overview of non-cosmetic and unusual cosmetic sources
European Journal of Dermatology, 2017Co-Authors: Olivier Aerts, Julien Lambert, An Goossens, Jean-pierre LepoittevinAbstract:The Isothiazolinone derivatives, methylchloroIsothiazolinone (MCI), methylIsothiazolinone (MI), benzIsothiazolinone (BIT), and octylIsothiazolinone (OIT), owing to their strong bactericide, fungicide and algicide properties, are widely used in non-cosmetic products, such as chemical (industrial) products, household detergents, and water-based paints, and the former two derivatives are also used in cosmetic products. However, given their inherent sensitization potential (with MCI >MI >BIT >OIT), allergic contact dermatitis is frequently observed, both in consumers as well asworkers in various industries. In this review, we provide an update on the use of MCI/MI and MI in cosmetics, highlighting certain aspects of MI; the use of excessive concentrations, the presence in some less familiar cosmetic products, and the association with unusual clinical manifestations. Furthermore, the use of Isothiazolinones in dishwashing and washing-machine liquids, cleaning agents for dental care, and their general presence in multi-purpose household detergents, which may elicit (airborne) allergic contact dermatitis, is discussed. Finally, we provide a brief overview of the use of Isothiazolinone derivatives in the paint and textile industry, and of OIT in the leather industry in particular.
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Isothiazolinones in commercial products at Danish workplaces.
Contact dermatitis, 2014Co-Authors: Ulrik F. Friis, Jean-pierre Lepoittevin, Torkil Menné, Mari-ann Flyvholm, Jens Peter Bonde, Christophe J. Le Coz, Jeanne D. JohansenAbstract:Summary Background In recent years, a steep increase in the frequency of occupational contact allergy to Isothiazolinones has been reported from several European countries. Objective To examine the extent and occurrence of Isothiazolinones in different types of product at Danish workplaces. Methods Seven different Isothiazolinones were identified in the Dictionary of Contact Allergens: Chemical Structures, Sources, and References from Kanerva's Occupational Dermatitis. By use of the chemical names and Chemical Abstracts Service numbers for these chemicals, information on products registered in the Danish Product Register Database (PROBAS) was obtained. Results All seven Isothiazolinones were registered in PROBAS. The top three Isothiazolinones registered were: benzIsothiazolinone (BIT), registered in 985 products, methylIsothiazolinone (MI), registered in 884 products, and methylchloroIsothiazolinone (MCI)/MI, registered in 611 products. The concentration ranges were 0.01 ppm to 45% for BIT, 0.01 ppm to 10% for MI, and 0.01 ppm to 14.1% for MCI/MI. The most common product type was ‘paint and varnish’; five of the seven Isothiazolinones were registered in this type of product. Conclusion Isothiazolinones are present in multiple products registered for use at workplaces, and may occur in high concentrations.
Jian-liang Zhao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Determination of biocides in different environmental matrices by use of ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2012Co-Authors: Zhi-feng Chen, Hao-chang Su, Fu-qiang Peng, Guang-guo Ying, Feng Chen, Jian-liang ZhaoAbstract:A sensitive and robust method using solid-phase extraction and ultrasonic extraction for preconcentration fol- lowed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tan- dem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS-MS) has been developed for determination of 19 biocides: eight azole fun- gicides (climbazole, clotrimazole, ketoconazole, miconazole, fluconazole, itraconazole, thiabendazole, and carbendazim), two insect repellents (N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET), and icaridin (also known as picaridin)), three iso- thiazolinone antifouling agents (1,2-benzIsothiazolinone (BIT), 2-n-octyl-4-Isothiazolinone (OIT), and 4,5-dichloro-2- n-octyl-Isothiazolinone (DCOIT)), four paraben preservatives (methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben, and butylpara- ben), and two disinfectants (triclosan and triclocarban) in surface water, wastewater, sediment, sludge, and soil. Recov- ery of the target compounds from surface water, influent, effluent, sediment, sludge, and soil was mostly in the range 70-120 %, with corresponding method quantification limits ranging from 0.01 to 0.31 ngL �1 , 0.07 to 7.48 ngL �1 ,0 .01 to
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determination of biocides in different environmental matrices by use of ultra high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2012Co-Authors: Zhi-feng Chen, Hao-chang Su, Fu-qiang Peng, Guang-guo Ying, Feng Chen, Jian-liang ZhaoAbstract:A sensitive and robust method using solid-phase extraction and ultrasonic extraction for preconcentration fol- lowed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tan- dem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS-MS) has been developed for determination of 19 biocides: eight azole fun- gicides (climbazole, clotrimazole, ketoconazole, miconazole, fluconazole, itraconazole, thiabendazole, and carbendazim), two insect repellents (N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET), and icaridin (also known as picaridin)), three iso- thiazolinone antifouling agents (1,2-benzIsothiazolinone (BIT), 2-n-octyl-4-Isothiazolinone (OIT), and 4,5-dichloro-2- n-octyl-Isothiazolinone (DCOIT)), four paraben preservatives (methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben, and butylpara- ben), and two disinfectants (triclosan and triclocarban) in surface water, wastewater, sediment, sludge, and soil. Recov- ery of the target compounds from surface water, influent, effluent, sediment, sludge, and soil was mostly in the range 70-120 %, with corresponding method quantification limits ranging from 0.01 to 0.31 ngL �1 , 0.07 to 7.48 ngL �1 ,0 .01 to
Olivier Aerts - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Isothiazolinones Common in Children's Toy Slime.
Dermatitis : contact atopic occupational drug, 2021Co-Authors: Keegan O'hern, Olivier Aerts, Kathryn A Zug, Shu T. Liang, Ella Dendooven, Carsten R. HamannAbstract:Background Contact dermatitis to homemade slime has been frequently reported, with Isothiazolinones as a likely sensitizer. Little is known on the presence of these preservatives in commercial, store-bought slime products. Objectives The aims of the study were to review the literature on "slime dermatitis" and to assess for the presence of Isothiazolinones in commercially available slime products and homemade slime components. Methods An experimental, colorimetric spot test was used to verify the presence of Isothiazolinones in 38 slime products of the 16 best-selling commercial slime kits, 1 finished homemade slime, and 4 common components of homemade slime. High-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection was performed on 8 commercial slime products. Results According to the spot test, 27 (71%) of the 38 commercial slime products contained Isothiazolinones. High-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection analyses indicated, however, that false-positives and false-negatives readily occur: Isothiazolinone content was correctly identified in only 4 (50%) of the 8 samples. Conclusions This study is the first to demonstrate the presence of Isothiazolinones in commercial slime toys. Although the colorimetric spot test may have some utility as a screening assay, it is far from specific and likely not sensitive enough to reliably identify methylIsothiazolinone.
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Isothiazolinone derivatives and allergic contact dermatitis a review and update
Journal of The European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, 2019Co-Authors: Anne Herman, Olivier Aerts, Laurence De Montjoye, Isabelle Tromme, A Goossens, Marie BaeckAbstract:Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) from Isothiazolinones has frequently been described in the literature. Following an epidemic of sensitization to methylchloroIsothiazolinone/methylIsothiazolinone (MCI/MI) in the 1980s, and more recently to MI, the Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety of the European Commission banned their use in leave-on products, while restricting that in rinse-off cosmetics. Despite a decreasing prevalence of ACD from MCI/MI and MI, cases caused by occupational exposure and non-cosmetic Isothiazolinone sources are on the rise. Moreover, sensitization to newer and lesser known Isothiazolinones has been reported. This paper reviews the epidemiology of contact allergy to different Isothiazolinones, clinical presentation of Isothiazolinone-induced ACD, most relevant sensitization sources and potential cross-reactions between Isothiazolinone derivatives. It also provides an update on recent legislative measures.
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airborne allergic contact dermatitis caused by Isothiazolinones in water based paints a retrospective study of 44 cases
Contact Dermatitis, 2017Co-Authors: E Amsler, Olivier Aerts, Nadia Raisonpeyron, Michele Debons, Brigitte Milpied, F Giordanolabadie, J Waton, Marie Christine Ferrier Le Bouedec, Isabelle Lartigau, Catherine PecquetAbstract:SummaryBackground Airborne allergic contact dermatitis caused by paints containing Isothiazolinones has been recognized as a health hazard. Objectives To collect epidemiological, clinical and patch test data on airborne allergic contact dermatitis caused by Isothiazolinone-containing paints in France and Belgium. Methods A descriptive, retrospective study was initiated by the Dermatology and Allergy Group of the French Society of Dermatology, including methylchloroIsothiazolinone (MCI)/methylIsothiazolinone (MI)- and/or MI-sensitized patients who developed airborne allergic contact dermatitis following exposure to Isothiazolinone-containing paint. Results Forty-four cases were identified, with mostly non-occupational exposure (79.5%). Of the patients, 22.5% of also had mucosal symptoms. In several cases, the dermatitis required systemic corticosteroids (27.3%), hospitalization (9.1%), and/or sick leave (20.5%). A median delay of 5.5 weeks was necessary to enable patients to enter a freshly painted room without a flare-up of their dermatitis. Approximately one-fifth of the patients knew that they were allergic to MI and/or MCI/MI before the exposure to paints occurred. Conclusion Our series confirms that airborne allergic contact dermatitis caused by paints containing Isothiazolinones is not rare, and may be severe and long-lasting. Better regulation of Isothiazolinone concentrations in paints, and their adequate labelling, is urgently needed.
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Contact allergy caused by Isothiazolinone derivatives: an overview of non-cosmetic and unusual cosmetic sources
European Journal of Dermatology, 2017Co-Authors: Olivier Aerts, Julien Lambert, An Goossens, Jean-pierre LepoittevinAbstract:The Isothiazolinone derivatives, methylchloroIsothiazolinone (MCI), methylIsothiazolinone (MI), benzIsothiazolinone (BIT), and octylIsothiazolinone (OIT), owing to their strong bactericide, fungicide and algicide properties, are widely used in non-cosmetic products, such as chemical (industrial) products, household detergents, and water-based paints, and the former two derivatives are also used in cosmetic products. However, given their inherent sensitization potential (with MCI >MI >BIT >OIT), allergic contact dermatitis is frequently observed, both in consumers as well asworkers in various industries. In this review, we provide an update on the use of MCI/MI and MI in cosmetics, highlighting certain aspects of MI; the use of excessive concentrations, the presence in some less familiar cosmetic products, and the association with unusual clinical manifestations. Furthermore, the use of Isothiazolinones in dishwashing and washing-machine liquids, cleaning agents for dental care, and their general presence in multi-purpose household detergents, which may elicit (airborne) allergic contact dermatitis, is discussed. Finally, we provide a brief overview of the use of Isothiazolinone derivatives in the paint and textile industry, and of OIT in the leather industry in particular.
Alexander J. Krynitsky - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Determination of methylIsothiazolinone and methylchloroIsothiazolinone in cosmetic products by ultra high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry.
IEEE Journal of Solid-state Circuits, 2015Co-Authors: Jonathan B. Wittenberg, Benjamin J. Canas, Wanlong Zhou, Perry G Wang, Alexander J. KrynitskyAbstract:: Isothiazolinone biocides are broad-spectrum preservatives that are widely used in cosmetics, household, and industrial products. An increase in the number of cases of allergic contact dermatitis to Isothiazolinone preservatives, namely, methylIsothiazolinone and methylchloroIsothiazolinone, have been recently noticed. The Food and Drug Administration relies on analytical methods to quantify levels of use of cosmetic ingredients and support enforcement action against products that are not in compliance with the law. In this study, an efficient ultra high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the determination of methylIsothiazolinone and methylchloroIsothiazolinone in selected cosmetic products. The lower limit of quantitation was determined to be 0.1 μg/g for both preservatives. A survey of 24 cosmetic products was conducted and found concentrations of methylIsothiazolinone and methylchloroIsothiazolinone ranging from not quantified, or below the lower limit of quantitation, to 89.64 μg/g and not quantified to 10.31 μg/g, respectively.