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Jeanne D. Johansen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Isothiazolinones are still widely used in paints purchased in five European countries: a follow-up study.
Contact dermatitis, 2017Co-Authors: Andreas V. Thomsen, Jean-pierre Lepoittevin, Jakob F. Schwensen, Rossana Bossi, Piu Banerjee, Elena Giménez-arnau, Carola Lidén, Wolfgang Uter, Ian R. White, Jeanne D. JohansenAbstract:BACKGROUND An increasing incidence of contact allergy to methylisothiazolinone (MI) has been seen, caused, in particular, by cosmetic products and paints. A study from 2015 showed that 93.0% of paints bought in five European countries contained MI. New regulations have been discussed for paints in the EU, which may have influenced this market. OBJECTIVES To re-evaluate the use and concentrations of MI and four other Isothiazolinones in water-based wall paints. METHODS Water-based white wall paints (n = 60) were purchased in retail stores in five European countries: Denmark, France, Germany, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. The paints were analysed for isothiazolione content by the use of high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to ultraviolet detection, and the results were confirmed with high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS MI was identified in 55 (91.7%) of the paints, with concentrations ranging from 1.1 to 142.7 ppm. The other Isothiazolinones were identified in 20.0% [methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI)] to 88.3% [benzisothiazolinone (BIT)] of the paints. BIT concentrations varied significantly between countries, whereas MI and MCI concentrations did not. There were no statistically significant differences in MI, MCI and BIT concentrations between the current study and the 2015 study. CONCLUSIONS MI and other Isothiazolinones are widely used in paints available in Europe. Their use does not seem to be decreasing.
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occupations at risk of developing contact allergy to Isothiazolinones in danish contact dermatitis patients results from a danish multicentre study 2009 2012
Contact Dermatitis, 2014Co-Authors: Jakob F. Schwensen, Torkil Menné, Klaus Ejner Andersen, Mette Sommerlund, Jeanne D. JohansenAbstract:Summary Background In recent years, the prevalence of contact allergy to Isothiazolinones has reached epidemic levels. Few studies have presented data on occupations at risk of developing contact allergy to Isothiazolinones. Objectives To present demographics and examine risk factors for sensitization to methylisothiazolinone (MI), methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI) in combination with MI and benzisothiazolinone (BIT) in Danish dermatitis patients. Materials and methods A retrospective epidemiological analysis of data from three Danish hospitals departments was conducted. All patients consecutively patch tested with MI, MCI/MI and BIT between 2009 and 2013 were included. Results MI contact allergy showed a significantly increased trend in prevalence from 1.8% in 2009 to 4.2% in 2012 (p 40 years, and the occupational groups of tile setters/terrazzo workers, machine operators, and painters. MCI/MI contact allergy was significantly associated with the following high-risk occupations: painting, welding (blacksmiths), machine operating, and cosmetology. The occupational group of painting was frequent in the group of patients with BIT contact allergy. Conclusion Several high-risk occupations for sensitization to Isothiazolinones exist. Regulation on the allowed concentration of Isothiazolinones, and especially MI, in both consumer products and industrial products is needed.
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Emission of Isothiazolinones from Water-Based Paints
Environmental science & technology, 2014Co-Authors: Michael D. Lundov, Rossana Bossi, Barbara Kolarik, Lars Gunnarsen, Jeanne D. JohansenAbstract:The isothiazolinone preservatives methylisothiazolinone (MI), methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI), and benzisothiazolinone (BIT) are used in a wide variety of products including paint and cosmetics, and they are known to cause allergic contact dermatitis. Among painters they are one of the most common causes of contact dermatitis. Furthermore, they are all volatile, and severe reactions caused by emissions of especially MI from paint have been reported recently. In this study the concentrations of MI, BIT, and MCI in water-based paint were analyzed by LC-MS-MS, and the emissions from the paints were measured in climate chambers and in an apartment. Nineteen paints were analyzed for the content of MI, MCI, and BIT. All 19 paints contained MI, 16 contained BIT, and 4 contained MCI. In the chamber experiment emission of MI peaked within hours of application but then continued at a slow rate for more than 42 days. MCI was emitted more slowly and peaked after several days. BIT emissions were all around the limit of detection. In the apartment we were able to detect emission of MI several days after application. Long lasting evaporation and thus chronic exposure give credibility to the clinical observations that MI can be an important cause of airborne contact dermatitis among painters and consumers.
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Isothiazolinones in commercial products at Danish workplaces.
Contact dermatitis, 2014Co-Authors: Ulrik F. Friis, Jean-pierre Lepoittevin, Torkil Menné, Mari-ann Flyvholm, Jens Peter Bonde, Christophe J. Le Coz, Jeanne D. JohansenAbstract:Summary Background In recent years, a steep increase in the frequency of occupational contact allergy to Isothiazolinones has been reported from several European countries. Objective To examine the extent and occurrence of Isothiazolinones in different types of product at Danish workplaces. Methods Seven different Isothiazolinones were identified in the Dictionary of Contact Allergens: Chemical Structures, Sources, and References from Kanerva's Occupational Dermatitis. By use of the chemical names and Chemical Abstracts Service numbers for these chemicals, information on products registered in the Danish Product Register Database (PROBAS) was obtained. Results All seven Isothiazolinones were registered in PROBAS. The top three Isothiazolinones registered were: benzisothiazolinone (BIT), registered in 985 products, methylisothiazolinone (MI), registered in 884 products, and methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI)/MI, registered in 611 products. The concentration ranges were 0.01 ppm to 45% for BIT, 0.01 ppm to 10% for MI, and 0.01 ppm to 14.1% for MCI/MI. The most common product type was ‘paint and varnish’; five of the seven Isothiazolinones were registered in this type of product. Conclusion Isothiazolinones are present in multiple products registered for use at workplaces, and may occur in high concentrations.
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methylisothiazolinone contact allergy a growing epidemic
Contact Dermatitis, 2013Co-Authors: Michael Dyrgaard Lundov, Morten S. Opstrup, Jeanne D. JohansenAbstract:The prevalence of contact allergy to the isothiazolinone preservative methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI) in combination with methylisothiazolinone (MI) and MI alone has increased in the last couple of years. To investigate the prevalence of contact allergy to MI, MCI/MI and benzisothiazolinone (BIT) among patch tested patients at Gentofte Hospital, as well as the use of MI in cosmetic products. Patients patch tested with either MI, MCI/MI or BIT from 2010 to 2012 were included in the study. The MOAHLFA index was registered in all patch tested patients, and relevant exposures were determined in patients with an isothiazolinone allergy. In a market survey, the ingredient labels of cosmetic products were investigated for MI content. The prevalence of MI and MCI/MI contact allergy increased significantly from 2010 to 2012: from 2.0% to 3.7% for MI (n = 2766), and from 1.0% to 2.4% for MCI/MI (n = 2802). MI-allergic patients had occupational, hand and face dermatitis significantly more often, and were aged > 40 years. Cosmetics were the most common substances causing relevant exposure found in both MCI/MI-allergic and MI-allergic patients. MI was found in 3.3% of cosmetics on the Danish retail market. The increase in MI contact allergy is alarming, and urgent action is needed.
Jean-pierre Lepoittevin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Isothiazolinones are still widely used in paints purchased in five European countries: a follow-up study.
Contact dermatitis, 2017Co-Authors: Andreas V. Thomsen, Jean-pierre Lepoittevin, Jakob F. Schwensen, Rossana Bossi, Piu Banerjee, Elena Giménez-arnau, Carola Lidén, Wolfgang Uter, Ian R. White, Jeanne D. JohansenAbstract:BACKGROUND An increasing incidence of contact allergy to methylisothiazolinone (MI) has been seen, caused, in particular, by cosmetic products and paints. A study from 2015 showed that 93.0% of paints bought in five European countries contained MI. New regulations have been discussed for paints in the EU, which may have influenced this market. OBJECTIVES To re-evaluate the use and concentrations of MI and four other Isothiazolinones in water-based wall paints. METHODS Water-based white wall paints (n = 60) were purchased in retail stores in five European countries: Denmark, France, Germany, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. The paints were analysed for isothiazolione content by the use of high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to ultraviolet detection, and the results were confirmed with high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS MI was identified in 55 (91.7%) of the paints, with concentrations ranging from 1.1 to 142.7 ppm. The other Isothiazolinones were identified in 20.0% [methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI)] to 88.3% [benzisothiazolinone (BIT)] of the paints. BIT concentrations varied significantly between countries, whereas MI and MCI concentrations did not. There were no statistically significant differences in MI, MCI and BIT concentrations between the current study and the 2015 study. CONCLUSIONS MI and other Isothiazolinones are widely used in paints available in Europe. Their use does not seem to be decreasing.
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Contact allergy caused by isothiazolinone derivatives: an overview of non-cosmetic and unusual cosmetic sources
European Journal of Dermatology, 2017Co-Authors: Olivier Aerts, Julien Lambert, An Goossens, Jean-pierre LepoittevinAbstract:The isothiazolinone derivatives, methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI), methylisothiazolinone (MI), benzisothiazolinone (BIT), and octylisothiazolinone (OIT), owing to their strong bactericide, fungicide and algicide properties, are widely used in non-cosmetic products, such as chemical (industrial) products, household detergents, and water-based paints, and the former two derivatives are also used in cosmetic products. However, given their inherent sensitization potential (with MCI >MI >BIT >OIT), allergic contact dermatitis is frequently observed, both in consumers as well asworkers in various industries. In this review, we provide an update on the use of MCI/MI and MI in cosmetics, highlighting certain aspects of MI; the use of excessive concentrations, the presence in some less familiar cosmetic products, and the association with unusual clinical manifestations. Furthermore, the use of Isothiazolinones in dishwashing and washing-machine liquids, cleaning agents for dental care, and their general presence in multi-purpose household detergents, which may elicit (airborne) allergic contact dermatitis, is discussed. Finally, we provide a brief overview of the use of isothiazolinone derivatives in the paint and textile industry, and of OIT in the leather industry in particular.
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methylisothiazolinone and benzisothiazolinone are widely used in paint a multicentre study of paints from five european countries
Contact Dermatitis, 2015Co-Authors: Jakob F. Schwensen, Jean-pierre Lepoittevin, Rossana Bossi, Piu Banerjee, Carola Lidén, Wolfgang Uter, Michael D. Lundov, Elena Gimenezarnau, Kerem Yazar, Ian R. WhiteAbstract:Summary Background In view of the current epidemic of contact allergy to methylisothiazolinone (MI), it is important to clarify the extent of use of MI and related Isothiazolinones in paints currently available for the consumer and worker in Europe. Objectives To elucidate the use and concentrations of MI, methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI) and benzisothiazolinone (BIT) in paints on the European retail market. Methods Wall paints (n = 71) were randomly purchased in retail outlets in five European countries. The paints were quantitatively analysed for their contents of MI, MCI and BIT by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Results MI was found in 93.0% (n = 66) of the paints, with concentrations ranging from 0.7 to 180.9 ppm, MCI in 23.9% (n = 17), ranging from 0.26 to 11.4 ppm, and BIT in 95.8% (n = 68), ranging from 0.1 to 462.5 ppm. High concentrations of MI were found in paints from all five countries. Paints purchased in Denmark and Sweden contained especially high concentrations of BIT. Conclusion The use of MI across European countries is extensive. In view of the ongoing epidemic of MI contact allergy, an evaluation of the safety of MI in paints is needed.
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Isothiazolinones in commercial products at Danish workplaces.
Contact dermatitis, 2014Co-Authors: Ulrik F. Friis, Jean-pierre Lepoittevin, Torkil Menné, Mari-ann Flyvholm, Jens Peter Bonde, Christophe J. Le Coz, Jeanne D. JohansenAbstract:Summary Background In recent years, a steep increase in the frequency of occupational contact allergy to Isothiazolinones has been reported from several European countries. Objective To examine the extent and occurrence of Isothiazolinones in different types of product at Danish workplaces. Methods Seven different Isothiazolinones were identified in the Dictionary of Contact Allergens: Chemical Structures, Sources, and References from Kanerva's Occupational Dermatitis. By use of the chemical names and Chemical Abstracts Service numbers for these chemicals, information on products registered in the Danish Product Register Database (PROBAS) was obtained. Results All seven Isothiazolinones were registered in PROBAS. The top three Isothiazolinones registered were: benzisothiazolinone (BIT), registered in 985 products, methylisothiazolinone (MI), registered in 884 products, and methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI)/MI, registered in 611 products. The concentration ranges were 0.01 ppm to 45% for BIT, 0.01 ppm to 10% for MI, and 0.01 ppm to 14.1% for MCI/MI. The most common product type was ‘paint and varnish’; five of the seven Isothiazolinones were registered in this type of product. Conclusion Isothiazolinones are present in multiple products registered for use at workplaces, and may occur in high concentrations.
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mechanistic assessment of peptide reactivity assay to predict skin allergens with kathon cg Isothiazolinones
Toxicology in Vitro, 2009Co-Authors: Julien Mutschler, Elena Gimenezarnau, Leslie M Foertsch, Frank G Gerberick, Jean-pierre LepoittevinAbstract:Assessment of skin sensitization hazard of chemicals currently depends on in vivo methods. Considering the forthcoming European Union ban on in vivo testing of cosmetic/toiletry ingredients, the search for alternative non-animal approaches is an urgent challenge for investigators today. For the skin sensitization end-point the concept of protein/peptide haptenation, that could reflect the chemical modification of skin proteins, crucial to form immunogenic structures, has been used to develop in vitro assays to predict the sensitization potential of new chemicals. Using glutathione and nucleophile-containing synthetic peptides we confirmed previously the possibility to screen for skin sensitization potential by measuring peptide depletion following incubation with a set of allergens and non-allergens. In this paper, additionally to our model development work, we performed mechanistic based studies to confirm the peptide reactivity concept under the specific conditions used for haptens in the screening assay as they were somewhat different from the ones expected to happen in vivo. Following the reactivity toward the peptides of 13C labelled MI and MCI, models of true haptens, we showed that the initial step leading to the biological end-point was similar regardless the conditions used even if final adducts could be different. This confirmed the validity of the peptide reactivity concept as well as the choice made to look at peptide depletion rather than at adduct formation.
Torkil Menné - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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occupations at risk of developing contact allergy to Isothiazolinones in danish contact dermatitis patients results from a danish multicentre study 2009 2012
Contact Dermatitis, 2014Co-Authors: Jakob F. Schwensen, Torkil Menné, Klaus Ejner Andersen, Mette Sommerlund, Jeanne D. JohansenAbstract:Summary Background In recent years, the prevalence of contact allergy to Isothiazolinones has reached epidemic levels. Few studies have presented data on occupations at risk of developing contact allergy to Isothiazolinones. Objectives To present demographics and examine risk factors for sensitization to methylisothiazolinone (MI), methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI) in combination with MI and benzisothiazolinone (BIT) in Danish dermatitis patients. Materials and methods A retrospective epidemiological analysis of data from three Danish hospitals departments was conducted. All patients consecutively patch tested with MI, MCI/MI and BIT between 2009 and 2013 were included. Results MI contact allergy showed a significantly increased trend in prevalence from 1.8% in 2009 to 4.2% in 2012 (p 40 years, and the occupational groups of tile setters/terrazzo workers, machine operators, and painters. MCI/MI contact allergy was significantly associated with the following high-risk occupations: painting, welding (blacksmiths), machine operating, and cosmetology. The occupational group of painting was frequent in the group of patients with BIT contact allergy. Conclusion Several high-risk occupations for sensitization to Isothiazolinones exist. Regulation on the allowed concentration of Isothiazolinones, and especially MI, in both consumer products and industrial products is needed.
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Isothiazolinones in commercial products at Danish workplaces.
Contact dermatitis, 2014Co-Authors: Ulrik F. Friis, Jean-pierre Lepoittevin, Torkil Menné, Mari-ann Flyvholm, Jens Peter Bonde, Christophe J. Le Coz, Jeanne D. JohansenAbstract:Summary Background In recent years, a steep increase in the frequency of occupational contact allergy to Isothiazolinones has been reported from several European countries. Objective To examine the extent and occurrence of Isothiazolinones in different types of product at Danish workplaces. Methods Seven different Isothiazolinones were identified in the Dictionary of Contact Allergens: Chemical Structures, Sources, and References from Kanerva's Occupational Dermatitis. By use of the chemical names and Chemical Abstracts Service numbers for these chemicals, information on products registered in the Danish Product Register Database (PROBAS) was obtained. Results All seven Isothiazolinones were registered in PROBAS. The top three Isothiazolinones registered were: benzisothiazolinone (BIT), registered in 985 products, methylisothiazolinone (MI), registered in 884 products, and methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI)/MI, registered in 611 products. The concentration ranges were 0.01 ppm to 45% for BIT, 0.01 ppm to 10% for MI, and 0.01 ppm to 14.1% for MCI/MI. The most common product type was ‘paint and varnish’; five of the seven Isothiazolinones were registered in this type of product. Conclusion Isothiazolinones are present in multiple products registered for use at workplaces, and may occur in high concentrations.
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occupational contact dermatitis in painters an analysis of patch test data from the danish contact dermatitis group
Contact Dermatitis, 2012Co-Authors: Anja P Mose, Michael Dyrgaard Lundov, Torkil Menné, Klaus Ejner Andersen, Claus Zachariae, Niels K Veien, Grete Laurberg, Knud Kaaber, Christian Avnstorp, Evy PaulsenAbstract:Background. Painters are among the occupational groups that most commonly experience occupational contact dermatitis, but few investigations exist concerning this occupation. Objectives. To characterize painters with contact dermatitis and identify the most common allergens associated with the occupation. Materials and methods. All patch test results of 219 painters and 1095 matched controls registered by the Danish Contact Dermatitis Group between 2001 and 2010 were analysed. Results. Hand eczema (p < 0.0001) and occupational contact dermatitis (p < 0.0001) were observed significantly more often in the painters than in the group of controls. Sensitizations to the following allergens from the European baseline series were associated with the occupation and were statistically significant: methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone, epoxy resin, formaldehyde, and quaternium-15. Three different Isothiazolinones emerged as the most frequent sensitizers of the allergens tested in addition to the baseline series. Conclusions. The results indicate that painters have an increased risk of developing occupational hand eczema. Isothiazolinones and epoxy resin proved to be the two most frequent sensitizers in painters.
Olivier Aerts - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Isothiazolinones Common in Children's Toy Slime.
Dermatitis : contact atopic occupational drug, 2021Co-Authors: Keegan O'hern, Olivier Aerts, Kathryn A Zug, Shu T. Liang, Ella Dendooven, Carsten R. HamannAbstract:Background Contact dermatitis to homemade slime has been frequently reported, with Isothiazolinones as a likely sensitizer. Little is known on the presence of these preservatives in commercial, store-bought slime products. Objectives The aims of the study were to review the literature on "slime dermatitis" and to assess for the presence of Isothiazolinones in commercially available slime products and homemade slime components. Methods An experimental, colorimetric spot test was used to verify the presence of Isothiazolinones in 38 slime products of the 16 best-selling commercial slime kits, 1 finished homemade slime, and 4 common components of homemade slime. High-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection was performed on 8 commercial slime products. Results According to the spot test, 27 (71%) of the 38 commercial slime products contained Isothiazolinones. High-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection analyses indicated, however, that false-positives and false-negatives readily occur: isothiazolinone content was correctly identified in only 4 (50%) of the 8 samples. Conclusions This study is the first to demonstrate the presence of Isothiazolinones in commercial slime toys. Although the colorimetric spot test may have some utility as a screening assay, it is far from specific and likely not sensitive enough to reliably identify methylisothiazolinone.
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isothiazolinone derivatives and allergic contact dermatitis a review and update
Journal of The European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, 2019Co-Authors: Anne Herman, Olivier Aerts, Laurence De Montjoye, Isabelle Tromme, A Goossens, Marie BaeckAbstract:Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) from Isothiazolinones has frequently been described in the literature. Following an epidemic of sensitization to methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (MCI/MI) in the 1980s, and more recently to MI, the Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety of the European Commission banned their use in leave-on products, while restricting that in rinse-off cosmetics. Despite a decreasing prevalence of ACD from MCI/MI and MI, cases caused by occupational exposure and non-cosmetic isothiazolinone sources are on the rise. Moreover, sensitization to newer and lesser known Isothiazolinones has been reported. This paper reviews the epidemiology of contact allergy to different Isothiazolinones, clinical presentation of isothiazolinone-induced ACD, most relevant sensitization sources and potential cross-reactions between isothiazolinone derivatives. It also provides an update on recent legislative measures.
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airborne allergic contact dermatitis caused by Isothiazolinones in water based paints a retrospective study of 44 cases
Contact Dermatitis, 2017Co-Authors: E Amsler, Olivier Aerts, Nadia Raisonpeyron, Michele Debons, Brigitte Milpied, F Giordanolabadie, J Waton, Marie Christine Ferrier Le Bouedec, Isabelle Lartigau, Catherine PecquetAbstract:SummaryBackground Airborne allergic contact dermatitis caused by paints containing Isothiazolinones has been recognized as a health hazard. Objectives To collect epidemiological, clinical and patch test data on airborne allergic contact dermatitis caused by isothiazolinone-containing paints in France and Belgium. Methods A descriptive, retrospective study was initiated by the Dermatology and Allergy Group of the French Society of Dermatology, including methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI)/methylisothiazolinone (MI)- and/or MI-sensitized patients who developed airborne allergic contact dermatitis following exposure to isothiazolinone-containing paint. Results Forty-four cases were identified, with mostly non-occupational exposure (79.5%). Of the patients, 22.5% of also had mucosal symptoms. In several cases, the dermatitis required systemic corticosteroids (27.3%), hospitalization (9.1%), and/or sick leave (20.5%). A median delay of 5.5 weeks was necessary to enable patients to enter a freshly painted room without a flare-up of their dermatitis. Approximately one-fifth of the patients knew that they were allergic to MI and/or MCI/MI before the exposure to paints occurred. Conclusion Our series confirms that airborne allergic contact dermatitis caused by paints containing Isothiazolinones is not rare, and may be severe and long-lasting. Better regulation of isothiazolinone concentrations in paints, and their adequate labelling, is urgently needed.
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structures chimiques et allergies croisees entre Isothiazolinones
Revue Francaise D Allergologie, 2017Co-Authors: Olivier Aerts, Julien Lambert, A GoossensAbstract:Resume Les quatre derives d’isothiazolinone les plus couramment utilises comprennent la methylisothiazolinone (MI), la methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI), la benzisothiazolinone (BIT) et l’octylisothiazolinone (OIT). Ces derives se distinguent par leurs chaines laterales, et semblent, a premiere vue, etre tres similaires. La reactivite croisee potentielle entre les differents derives n’a ete que rarement etudiee, et la plupart de ces observations reposent sur des rapports de cas individuels, de petites series de cas, ou des etudes observationnelles retrospectives de patch-tests effectues, souvent en utilisant des concentrations differentes, et parfois trop faibles. Cette revue, sur les reactions croisees possibles, repose sur : les avis d’experts, des donnees epidemiologiques, des modeles animaux, des etudes in vitro, des observations cliniques (in vivo, par exemple des resultats des patch-tests, cas de sensibilisations actives, etc.), et, finalement, les etudes de marche.
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Contact allergy caused by isothiazolinone derivatives: an overview of non-cosmetic and unusual cosmetic sources
European Journal of Dermatology, 2017Co-Authors: Olivier Aerts, Julien Lambert, An Goossens, Jean-pierre LepoittevinAbstract:The isothiazolinone derivatives, methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI), methylisothiazolinone (MI), benzisothiazolinone (BIT), and octylisothiazolinone (OIT), owing to their strong bactericide, fungicide and algicide properties, are widely used in non-cosmetic products, such as chemical (industrial) products, household detergents, and water-based paints, and the former two derivatives are also used in cosmetic products. However, given their inherent sensitization potential (with MCI >MI >BIT >OIT), allergic contact dermatitis is frequently observed, both in consumers as well asworkers in various industries. In this review, we provide an update on the use of MCI/MI and MI in cosmetics, highlighting certain aspects of MI; the use of excessive concentrations, the presence in some less familiar cosmetic products, and the association with unusual clinical manifestations. Furthermore, the use of Isothiazolinones in dishwashing and washing-machine liquids, cleaning agents for dental care, and their general presence in multi-purpose household detergents, which may elicit (airborne) allergic contact dermatitis, is discussed. Finally, we provide a brief overview of the use of isothiazolinone derivatives in the paint and textile industry, and of OIT in the leather industry in particular.
Klaus Ejner Andersen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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occupations at risk of developing contact allergy to Isothiazolinones in danish contact dermatitis patients results from a danish multicentre study 2009 2012
Contact Dermatitis, 2014Co-Authors: Jakob F. Schwensen, Torkil Menné, Klaus Ejner Andersen, Mette Sommerlund, Jeanne D. JohansenAbstract:Summary Background In recent years, the prevalence of contact allergy to Isothiazolinones has reached epidemic levels. Few studies have presented data on occupations at risk of developing contact allergy to Isothiazolinones. Objectives To present demographics and examine risk factors for sensitization to methylisothiazolinone (MI), methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI) in combination with MI and benzisothiazolinone (BIT) in Danish dermatitis patients. Materials and methods A retrospective epidemiological analysis of data from three Danish hospitals departments was conducted. All patients consecutively patch tested with MI, MCI/MI and BIT between 2009 and 2013 were included. Results MI contact allergy showed a significantly increased trend in prevalence from 1.8% in 2009 to 4.2% in 2012 (p 40 years, and the occupational groups of tile setters/terrazzo workers, machine operators, and painters. MCI/MI contact allergy was significantly associated with the following high-risk occupations: painting, welding (blacksmiths), machine operating, and cosmetology. The occupational group of painting was frequent in the group of patients with BIT contact allergy. Conclusion Several high-risk occupations for sensitization to Isothiazolinones exist. Regulation on the allowed concentration of Isothiazolinones, and especially MI, in both consumer products and industrial products is needed.
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occupational contact dermatitis in painters an analysis of patch test data from the danish contact dermatitis group
Contact Dermatitis, 2012Co-Authors: Anja P Mose, Michael Dyrgaard Lundov, Torkil Menné, Klaus Ejner Andersen, Claus Zachariae, Niels K Veien, Grete Laurberg, Knud Kaaber, Christian Avnstorp, Evy PaulsenAbstract:Background. Painters are among the occupational groups that most commonly experience occupational contact dermatitis, but few investigations exist concerning this occupation. Objectives. To characterize painters with contact dermatitis and identify the most common allergens associated with the occupation. Materials and methods. All patch test results of 219 painters and 1095 matched controls registered by the Danish Contact Dermatitis Group between 2001 and 2010 were analysed. Results. Hand eczema (p < 0.0001) and occupational contact dermatitis (p < 0.0001) were observed significantly more often in the painters than in the group of controls. Sensitizations to the following allergens from the European baseline series were associated with the occupation and were statistically significant: methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone, epoxy resin, formaldehyde, and quaternium-15. Three different Isothiazolinones emerged as the most frequent sensitizers of the allergens tested in addition to the baseline series. Conclusions. The results indicate that painters have an increased risk of developing occupational hand eczema. Isothiazolinones and epoxy resin proved to be the two most frequent sensitizers in painters.