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An Goossens - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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multicenter patch testing with Methylisothiazolinone and methylchloroisothiazolinone Methylisothiazolinone within the international contact dermatitis research group
Dermatitis, 2017Co-Authors: Marlene Isaksson, An Goossens, J P Mcfadden, Klaus Ejner Andersen, Peter Elsner, Hemangi Jerajani, Kayoko Matsunaga, M BruzeAbstract:Background: The preservatives methylchloroisothiazolinone/Methylisothiazolinone (MCI/MI) and MI are well-known contact sensitizers. Recently, an increase in the contact allergy frequency for MI 0.2% aqueous (aq) has been seen in many European countries paralleled with an increase in MCI/MI allergy. Many of the MI-allergic patients do not react to MCI/MI 0.01% or 0.02% because the concentration of MI in these preparations is too low (25 and 50 ppm, respectively) to elicit a positive patch test reaction. Objectives: The aims of this study were to investigate the prevalence of contact allergy to MI in the participating clinics representing various countries all over the world, to assess how many additional individuals with contact allergy are found by testing MI 0.2% aq in parallel with MCI/MI 0.02%, and to assess the clinical relevance of MI and MCI/MI allergies. Patients and Methods: In 9 dermatology clinics representing 9 countries, 3865 consecutive patients with dermatitis were patch tested with MI 0.2% aq and in parallel with MCI/MI 0.02% aq, provisionally included into the baseline series. An assessment of clinical relevance in those allergic to MI was also made. Results: Contact allergy to MI was found in 284 patients (7.3%). The frequency of contact allergy varied from 0.8% to 10.9% in different centers. Simultaneous reactivity to 200 ppm of MCI/MI was found in 67.3% of the MI-positive patients. Contact allergy to MI alone without any simultaneous contact allergy to 200 ppm of MCI/MI was diagnosed in 93 patients (32.7%; 2.4% of all tested patients). The contact allergy to MI and/or MCI/MI could explain or contribute to dermatitis in more than 60% of the MI-allergic patients. Conclusions: Methylisothiazolinone of 2000 ppm needs to be patch tested on its own to not miss contact allergy. (Less)
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Multicenter Patch Testing With Methylisothiazolinone and Methylchloroisothiazolinone/Methylisothiazolinone Within the International Contact Dermatitis Research Group.
Dermatitis, 2017Co-Authors: Marlene Isaksson, An Goossens, John Mcfadden, Klaus Ejner Andersen, Peter Elsner, Hemangi Jerajani, Kayoko Matsunaga, Magnus BruzeAbstract:Background: The preservatives methylchloroisothiazolinone/Methylisothiazolinone (MCI/MI) and MI are well-known contact sensitizers. Recently, an increase in the contact allergy frequency for MI 0.2% aqueous (aq) has been seen in many European countries paralleled with an increase in MCI/MI allergy. Many of the MI-allergic patients do not react to MCI/MI 0.01% or 0.02% because the concentration of MI in these preparations is too low (25 and 50 ppm, respectively) to elicit a positive patch test reaction. Objectives: The aims of this study were to investigate the prevalence of contact allergy to MI in the participating clinics representing various countries all over the world, to assess how many additional individuals with contact allergy are found by testing MI 0.2% aq in parallel with MCI/MI 0.02%, and to assess the clinical relevance of MI and MCI/MI allergies. Patients and Methods: In 9 dermatology clinics representing 9 countries, 3865 consecutive patients with dermatitis were patch tested with MI 0.2% aq and in parallel with MCI/MI 0.02% aq, provisionally included into the baseline series. An assessment of clinical relevance in those allergic to MI was also made. Results: Contact allergy to MI was found in 284 patients (7.3%). The frequency of contact allergy varied from 0.8% to 10.9% in different centers. Simultaneous reactivity to 200 ppm of MCI/MI was found in 67.3% of the MI-positive patients. Contact allergy to MI alone without any simultaneous contact allergy to 200 ppm of MCI/MI was diagnosed in 93 patients (32.7%; 2.4% of all tested patients). The contact allergy to MI and/or MCI/MI could explain or contribute to dermatitis in more than 60% of the MI-allergic patients. Conclusions: Methylisothiazolinone of 2000 ppm needs to be patch tested on its own to not miss contact allergy. (Less)
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the epidemic of Methylisothiazolinone a european prospective study
Contact Dermatitis, 2017Co-Authors: Jakob F Schwensen, An Goossens, Wolfgang Uter, Magnus Bruze, Mark Wilkinson, Klaus Ejner Andersen, Cecilia Svedman, Margarida Goncalo, Ana Gimenez Arnau, Evy PaulsenAbstract:Background: The use of Methylisothiazolinone (MI) in cosmetic products has caused an unprecedented epidemic of MI contact allergy. Current data concerning exposures at a European level are required. Objectives: To describe demographics and MI exposures for European patients with MI contact allergy. Methods: Eleven European dermatology departments from eight European countries prospectively collected data between 1 May and 31 October 2015 among consecutive patients who had positive patch test reactions to MI (2000ppm aq.). Results: A total of 6.0% (205/3434; range 2.6-13.0%) of patients had positive patch test reactions to MI. Dermatitis most frequently affected the hands (43.4%), face (32.7%), arms (14.6%), and eyelids (11.7%); 12.7% had widespread dermatitis. For 72.7% (149/205), MI contact allergy was currently relevant mainly because of exposure to cosmetic products (83.2%; 124/149). Of these 124 patients, 19.5% were exposed to leave-on and rinse-off cosmetic products, 24.8% only to leave-on cosmetic products and 38.9% only to rinse-off cosmetic products containing MI or methylchloroisothiazolinone/MI. The majority of these (79%) noted onset of their dermatitis between 2013 and 2015. Fifteen patients (7.3%) had previously experienced allergic reactions when they were in newly painted rooms. Conclusion: Clinically relevant MI contact allergy remains prevalent across European countries, mainly because of exposure to rinse-off and leave-on cosmetic products. (Less)
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Cosmetic Habits and Cosmetic Contact Dermatitis in Children
Current Treatment Options in Allergy, 2015Co-Authors: An GoossensAbstract:Allergic contact dermatitis from cosmetics in children and adolescents has recently become more frequently observed and recognized. Fragrances, hair dyes, sunscreen agents, and preservative agents, particularly Methylisothiazolinone, are the most frequently reported contact allergens.
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Methylisothiazolinone dermal and respiratory immune responses in mice
Toxicology Letters, 2015Co-Authors: Fien Devos, An Goossens, Lore Pollaris, Sofie Van Den Broucke, Sven Seys, Benoit Nemery, Peter Hoet, Jeroen VanoirbeekAbstract:Abstract Methylisothiazolinone (MI), a widely used chemical preservative in industrial and household products, and cosmetics, has been associated with allergic contact dermatitis. However, the asthmogenic capacity of MI is currently unknown. In this study, we investigated the capacity of MI to elicit asthma-like responses in a validated mouse model. On days 1 and 8, mice (C57Bl/6 and BALB/c) were dermally treated with MI or vehicle on each ear. On day 15, mice received a single intranasal challenge with MI or vehicle. Immediately after the challenge, the early ventilatory response was measured using a double chamber plethysmograph. One day later, airway hyperreactivity, pulmonary inflammation and immune-related parameters were assessed. Dermal treatment with MI in both C57Bl/6 and BALB/c mice induced increased T- and B-cell proliferation in the auricular lymph nodes, along with IFN-γ production and limited increases in total serum IgE, confirming dermal sensitization. An airway challenge with MI led to an early ventilatory response (decreased breathing frequency), indicative for acute sensory irritation. However, 24 h later no allergic respiratory response (no airway hyperreactivity (AHR) nor pulmonary inflammation) was found in either mouse strains. Our study indicates that MI can be classified as a strong dermal sensitizer and irritant, but not an asthmogen after initial dermal sensitization, followed by an airway challenge.
Axel Schnuch - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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current trends in patch testing new data from the german contact dermatitis research group dkg and the information network of departments of dermatology ivdk
Journal Der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft, 2014Co-Authors: Vera Mahler, Johannes Geier, Axel SchnuchAbstract:Summary Background and objectives The relevance of contact allergens is subject to constant change due to changing exposures according to consumers’ preferences and legal requirements. The objective of this paper is to present trends in contact sensitization from the DKG and IVDK patch test clinics, which have led to changes in the DKG standard series (as of 1.1.2014), as well as the current legal framework which has influenced these trends and the way patch testing is performed. Patients and methods The patients from 56 DKG and IVDK patch test clinics from 2010 (n = 13,117), 2011 (n = 13,320) and 2012 (n = 12,529) were analyzed with regard to frequencies of sensitization (hit list) to contact allergens as well as the location of allergic contact dermatitis. Results With a sensitization rate of 15 % nickel is still the most frequently recognized contact allergen. An increase can be observed for fragrance mix I (9.1 %), the preservative composition of methylchloroisothiazolinone/Methylisothiazolinone (MCI/MI) (4.5 %) and Methylisothiazolinone (MI) alone (6.8 %). A decline is present for potassium dichromate from above 6 % (2007) to 3 % (2012) and for bufexamac (currently at 0.6 %). Backgrounds, legal requirements and resulting changes to the DKG standard series are illustrated. Conclusions The indicated trends demonstrate the relevance of clinical epidemiology and the “sentinel function” of DKG and IVDK with regard to public health and prevention of contact allergies.
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risk factors associated with Methylisothiazolinone contact sensitization
Contact Dermatitis, 2013Co-Authors: Wolfgang Uter, Johannes Geier, Andrea Bauer, Axel SchnuchAbstract:SummaryBackground The preservative Methylisothiazolinone (MI) has become an important allergen, with a dramatic increase in sensitization prevalence being seen over the last few years. Objective To examine risk factors associated with MI sensitization, in order to identify targets of prevention aimed at curtailing the present epidemic. Methods On the basis of contact allergy surveillance data collected by the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (www.ivkd.org), 2009–2012, in the course of 28 922 patch tests with MI, 500 ppm in water, included in a series of cosmetic preservatives, logistic regression analysis was employed to quantify the risk associated with a number of putative risk factors. Results The prevalence of MI sensitization increased from 1.94% in 2009 to 6.02% in 2012, the increase being mainly driven by female patients aged ≥ 40 years, patients with face dermatitis, and the use of cosmetics. Adjusted multifactorial analysis additionally identified several occupations (e.g. painters and beauticians) and ano-genital dermatitis as risk factors for MI sensitization. Conclusions The present use concentrations of MI, both cosmetic and industrial, are too high; (self-)regulatory action is urgently needed. MI should be added to the baseline series.
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recent increase in allergic reactions to methylchloroisothiazolinone Methylisothiazolinone is Methylisothiazolinone the culprit
Contact Dermatitis, 2012Co-Authors: Johannes Geier, Axel Schnuch, Holger Lessmann, Wolfgang UterAbstract:The frequency of sensitization to methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI)/ Methylisothiazolinone (MI) observed in the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK) was constantly around 2.1% from 1998 to 2009. After that, it increased to 3.9% in 2011, paralleled by an increase in the frequency of allergic reactions to MI in the preservative series from 1.9% in 2009 to 4.4% in 2011. MI without MCI has increasingly been used as a preservative in cosmetics and skin care products in recent years. The authors aim to epidemiologically investigate the possible reasons for this development and to analyse concomitant reactions to MCI/MI and MI. Methods. A retrospective analysis of IVDK data from 2009 to 2011 was performed. Stratified data analysis revealed pronounced increases in reactivity to MCI/MI and MI in females, face dermatitis patients, and patients tested because of suspected cosmetic intolerance. The proportion of MI-positive patients among those reacting to MCI/MI increased from 43% to 59% between 2009 and 2011. More widespread consumer exposure has most likely led to the increase in primary sensitization to MI and subsequently to a rise in MCI/MI reactions resulting from immunological cross-reactions. A reduction in the maximum use concentration of MI seems advisable. MI should be patch tested in the baseline series.
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Recent increase in allergic reactions to methylchloroisothiazolinone/Methylisothiazolinone: is Methylisothiazolinone the culprit.
Contact Dermatitis, 2012Co-Authors: Johannes Geier, Axel Schnuch, Holger Lessmann, Wolfgang UterAbstract:The frequency of sensitization to methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI)/ Methylisothiazolinone (MI) observed in the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK) was constantly around 2.1% from 1998 to 2009. After that, it increased to 3.9% in 2011, paralleled by an increase in the frequency of allergic reactions to MI in the preservative series from 1.9% in 2009 to 4.4% in 2011. MI without MCI has increasingly been used as a preservative in cosmetics and skin care products in recent years. The authors aim to epidemiologically investigate the possible reasons for this development and to analyse concomitant reactions to MCI/MI and MI. Methods. A retrospective analysis of IVDK data from 2009 to 2011 was performed. Stratified data analysis revealed pronounced increases in reactivity to MCI/MI and MI in females, face dermatitis patients, and patients tested because of suspected cosmetic intolerance. The proportion of MI-positive patients among those reacting to MCI/MI increased from 43% to 59% between 2009 and 2011. More widespread consumer exposure has most likely led to the increase in primary sensitization to MI and subsequently to a rise in MCI/MI reactions resulting from immunological cross-reactions. A reduction in the maximum use concentration of MI seems advisable. MI should be patch tested in the baseline series.
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Recent increase in allergic reactions to methylchloroisothiazolinone/ Methylisothiazolinone: Is Methylisothiazolinone the culprit?
Contact Dermatitis, 2012Co-Authors: Johannes Geier, Axel Schnuch, Holger Lessmann, Wolfgang UterAbstract:The frequency of sensitization to methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI)/ Methylisothiazolinone (MI) observed in the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK) was constantly around 2.1% from 1998 to 2009. After that, it increased to 3.9% in 2011, paralleled by an increase in the frequency of allergic reactions to MI in the preservative series from 1.9% in 2009 to 4.4% in 2011. MI without MCI has increasingly been used as a preservative in cosmetics and skin care products in recent years.
Jeanne D. Johansen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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patch testing with methylchloroisothiazolinone Methylisothiazolinone 200 ppm aq detects significantly more contact allergy than 100 ppm a multicentre study within the european environmental and contact dermatitis research group
Contact Dermatitis, 2014Co-Authors: M Bruze, Birgitta Gruvberger, An Goossens, Jeanne D. Johansen, Klaus Ejner Andersen, Marlene Isaksson, Margarida Goncalo, Howard I Maibach, Thomas Rustemeyer, Ian R WhiteAbstract:Methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI) and Methylisothiazolinone (MI) are the active ingredients in commonly used preservative systems (e.g. Kathon CG(®) ). MCI/MI is present in the European baseline patch test series at 100 ppm aq. Since 1986, 200 ppm (dose 0.006 mg/cm(2) ) has been used in Sweden without causing skin irritation. Centres in Spain, the United Kingdom and Ireland have also used 200 ppm in their baseline series.
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Methylisothiazolinone contact allergy a growing epidemic
Contact Dermatitis, 2013Co-Authors: Michael Dyrgaard Lundov, Morten S. Opstrup, Jeanne D. JohansenAbstract:The prevalence of contact allergy to the isothiazolinone preservative methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI) in combination with Methylisothiazolinone (MI) and MI alone has increased in the last couple of years. To investigate the prevalence of contact allergy to MI, MCI/MI and benzisothiazolinone (BIT) among patch tested patients at Gentofte Hospital, as well as the use of MI in cosmetic products. Patients patch tested with either MI, MCI/MI or BIT from 2010 to 2012 were included in the study. The MOAHLFA index was registered in all patch tested patients, and relevant exposures were determined in patients with an isothiazolinone allergy. In a market survey, the ingredient labels of cosmetic products were investigated for MI content. The prevalence of MI and MCI/MI contact allergy increased significantly from 2010 to 2012: from 2.0% to 3.7% for MI (n = 2766), and from 1.0% to 2.4% for MCI/MI (n = 2802). MI-allergic patients had occupational, hand and face dermatitis significantly more often, and were aged > 40 years. Cosmetics were the most common substances causing relevant exposure found in both MCI/MI-allergic and MI-allergic patients. MI was found in 3.3% of cosmetics on the Danish retail market. The increase in MI contact allergy is alarming, and urgent action is needed.
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Methylisothiazolinone contact allergy - A growing epidemic
Contact Dermatitis, 2013Co-Authors: Michael Dyrgaard Lundov, Morten S. Opstrup, Jeanne D. JohansenAbstract:The prevalence of contact allergy to the isothiazolinone preservative methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI) in combination with Methylisothiazolinone (MI) and MI alone has increased in the last couple of years. To investigate the prevalence of contact allergy to MI{,} MCI/MI and benzisothiazolinone (BIT) among patch tested patients at Gentofte Hospital{,} as well as the use of MI in cosmetic products. Patients patch tested with either MI{,} MCI/MI or BIT from 2010 to 2012 were included in the study. The MOAHLFA index was registered in all patch tested patients{,} and relevant exposures were determined in patients with an isothiazolinone allergy. In a market survey{,} the ingredient labels of cosmetic products were investigated for MI content. The prevalence of MI and MCI/MI contact allergy increased significantly from 2010 to 2012: from 2.0% to 3.7% for MI (n = 2766){,} and from 1.0% to 2.4% for MCI/MI (n = 2802). MI-allergic patients had occupational{,} hand and face dermatitis significantly more often{,} and were aged > 40 years. Cosmetics were the most common substances causing relevant exposure found in both MCI/MI-allergic and MI-allergic patients. MI was found in 3.3% of cosmetics on the Danish retail market. The increase in MI contact allergy is alarming{,} and urgent action is needed. CHEMICALS: isothiazolin-3-one{,} 2-methyl-{,} 2682-20-4 GENERAL: allergy{,} contact; cosmetics; epidemiology; dermatitis{,} contact; preservatives; patch testing; cosmetics.
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airborne exposure to preservative Methylisothiazolinone causes severe allergic reactions
BMJ, 2012Co-Authors: Michael Dyrgaard Lundov, Torkil Menné, Claus Zachariae, Jeanne D. JohansenAbstract:Risk of contact dermatitis is already clear but now non-contact exposure is a growing problem, particularly with paint
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Methylisothiazolinone contact allergy and dose response relationships
Contact Dermatitis, 2011Co-Authors: Michael Dyrgaard Lundov, Claus Zachariae, Jeanne D. JohansenAbstract:Background. Methylisothiazolinone (MI) used alone is a new preservative causing a high prevalence of contact allergy. The eliciting threshold of MI is unknown. The combination of MI and phenoxyethanol enhances the antimicrobial efficacy of MI. Objectives. The eliciting doses of MI contact allergy in a patch test and a repeated open application test (ROAT) were investigated. In the patch test, it was determined whether phenoxyethanol influenced the reactivity to MI. Methods. Eleven MI-allergic individuals were patch tested with two dilution series of 12 doses of MI and the same 12 doses with phenoxyethanol. The ROAT mimicked the use of a cream preserved with 100, 50 and 5 ppm MI (corresponding to 0.21, 0.105 and 0.0105 µg MI/cm2). Results. Phenoxyethanol had no influence on the reactions to MI. The lowest eliciting dose in the patch test was 1.47 µg MI/cm2. In the ROAT, 7 patients (64%) reacted to 0.21 and 0.105 µg MI/cm2 and 2 patients (18%) reacted to 0.0105 µg MI/cm2, corresponding to a cream preserved with 5 ppm MI. Conclusions. A maximum of 100 ppm MI is permitted in cosmetic products. Eighteen per cent of MI-allergic patients reacted to a concentration 20 times lower in a ROAT. The amounts used in cosmetics should be reduced, and the development of MI contact allergy should be monitored closely.
Wolfgang Uter - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the epidemic of Methylisothiazolinone a european prospective study
Contact Dermatitis, 2017Co-Authors: Jakob F Schwensen, An Goossens, Wolfgang Uter, Magnus Bruze, Mark Wilkinson, Klaus Ejner Andersen, Cecilia Svedman, Margarida Goncalo, Ana Gimenez Arnau, Evy PaulsenAbstract:Background: The use of Methylisothiazolinone (MI) in cosmetic products has caused an unprecedented epidemic of MI contact allergy. Current data concerning exposures at a European level are required. Objectives: To describe demographics and MI exposures for European patients with MI contact allergy. Methods: Eleven European dermatology departments from eight European countries prospectively collected data between 1 May and 31 October 2015 among consecutive patients who had positive patch test reactions to MI (2000ppm aq.). Results: A total of 6.0% (205/3434; range 2.6-13.0%) of patients had positive patch test reactions to MI. Dermatitis most frequently affected the hands (43.4%), face (32.7%), arms (14.6%), and eyelids (11.7%); 12.7% had widespread dermatitis. For 72.7% (149/205), MI contact allergy was currently relevant mainly because of exposure to cosmetic products (83.2%; 124/149). Of these 124 patients, 19.5% were exposed to leave-on and rinse-off cosmetic products, 24.8% only to leave-on cosmetic products and 38.9% only to rinse-off cosmetic products containing MI or methylchloroisothiazolinone/MI. The majority of these (79%) noted onset of their dermatitis between 2013 and 2015. Fifteen patients (7.3%) had previously experienced allergic reactions when they were in newly painted rooms. Conclusion: Clinically relevant MI contact allergy remains prevalent across European countries, mainly because of exposure to rinse-off and leave-on cosmetic products. (Less)
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risk factors associated with Methylisothiazolinone contact sensitization
Contact Dermatitis, 2013Co-Authors: Wolfgang Uter, Johannes Geier, Andrea Bauer, Axel SchnuchAbstract:SummaryBackground The preservative Methylisothiazolinone (MI) has become an important allergen, with a dramatic increase in sensitization prevalence being seen over the last few years. Objective To examine risk factors associated with MI sensitization, in order to identify targets of prevention aimed at curtailing the present epidemic. Methods On the basis of contact allergy surveillance data collected by the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (www.ivkd.org), 2009–2012, in the course of 28 922 patch tests with MI, 500 ppm in water, included in a series of cosmetic preservatives, logistic regression analysis was employed to quantify the risk associated with a number of putative risk factors. Results The prevalence of MI sensitization increased from 1.94% in 2009 to 6.02% in 2012, the increase being mainly driven by female patients aged ≥ 40 years, patients with face dermatitis, and the use of cosmetics. Adjusted multifactorial analysis additionally identified several occupations (e.g. painters and beauticians) and ano-genital dermatitis as risk factors for MI sensitization. Conclusions The present use concentrations of MI, both cosmetic and industrial, are too high; (self-)regulatory action is urgently needed. MI should be added to the baseline series.
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recent increase in allergic reactions to methylchloroisothiazolinone Methylisothiazolinone is Methylisothiazolinone the culprit
Contact Dermatitis, 2012Co-Authors: Johannes Geier, Axel Schnuch, Holger Lessmann, Wolfgang UterAbstract:The frequency of sensitization to methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI)/ Methylisothiazolinone (MI) observed in the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK) was constantly around 2.1% from 1998 to 2009. After that, it increased to 3.9% in 2011, paralleled by an increase in the frequency of allergic reactions to MI in the preservative series from 1.9% in 2009 to 4.4% in 2011. MI without MCI has increasingly been used as a preservative in cosmetics and skin care products in recent years. The authors aim to epidemiologically investigate the possible reasons for this development and to analyse concomitant reactions to MCI/MI and MI. Methods. A retrospective analysis of IVDK data from 2009 to 2011 was performed. Stratified data analysis revealed pronounced increases in reactivity to MCI/MI and MI in females, face dermatitis patients, and patients tested because of suspected cosmetic intolerance. The proportion of MI-positive patients among those reacting to MCI/MI increased from 43% to 59% between 2009 and 2011. More widespread consumer exposure has most likely led to the increase in primary sensitization to MI and subsequently to a rise in MCI/MI reactions resulting from immunological cross-reactions. A reduction in the maximum use concentration of MI seems advisable. MI should be patch tested in the baseline series.
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Recent increase in allergic reactions to methylchloroisothiazolinone/Methylisothiazolinone: is Methylisothiazolinone the culprit.
Contact Dermatitis, 2012Co-Authors: Johannes Geier, Axel Schnuch, Holger Lessmann, Wolfgang UterAbstract:The frequency of sensitization to methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI)/ Methylisothiazolinone (MI) observed in the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK) was constantly around 2.1% from 1998 to 2009. After that, it increased to 3.9% in 2011, paralleled by an increase in the frequency of allergic reactions to MI in the preservative series from 1.9% in 2009 to 4.4% in 2011. MI without MCI has increasingly been used as a preservative in cosmetics and skin care products in recent years. The authors aim to epidemiologically investigate the possible reasons for this development and to analyse concomitant reactions to MCI/MI and MI. Methods. A retrospective analysis of IVDK data from 2009 to 2011 was performed. Stratified data analysis revealed pronounced increases in reactivity to MCI/MI and MI in females, face dermatitis patients, and patients tested because of suspected cosmetic intolerance. The proportion of MI-positive patients among those reacting to MCI/MI increased from 43% to 59% between 2009 and 2011. More widespread consumer exposure has most likely led to the increase in primary sensitization to MI and subsequently to a rise in MCI/MI reactions resulting from immunological cross-reactions. A reduction in the maximum use concentration of MI seems advisable. MI should be patch tested in the baseline series.
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Recent increase in allergic reactions to methylchloroisothiazolinone/ Methylisothiazolinone: Is Methylisothiazolinone the culprit?
Contact Dermatitis, 2012Co-Authors: Johannes Geier, Axel Schnuch, Holger Lessmann, Wolfgang UterAbstract:The frequency of sensitization to methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI)/ Methylisothiazolinone (MI) observed in the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK) was constantly around 2.1% from 1998 to 2009. After that, it increased to 3.9% in 2011, paralleled by an increase in the frequency of allergic reactions to MI in the preservative series from 1.9% in 2009 to 4.4% in 2011. MI without MCI has increasingly been used as a preservative in cosmetics and skin care products in recent years.
Marlene Isaksson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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can patch testing with methylchloroisothiazolinone Methylisothiazolinone be optimized using a new diagnostic mix a multicenter study from the swedish contact dermatitis research group
Contact Dermatitis, 2020Co-Authors: Malin Engfeldt, Johanna Braredchristensson, Marlene Isaksson, Mihaly Matura, Kristina Ryberg, Berndt Stenberg, Cecilia Svedman, Lina Hagvall, M BruzeAbstract:BACKGROUND: Methylchloroisothiazolinone/Methylisothiazolinone (MCI/MI) and Methylisothiazolinone (MI) are tested to detect contact allergy to these isothiazolinones. OBJECTIVES: To study if an aqueous patch test preparation with MCI and MI in a mix of 0.015% and 0.2%, respectively, detects more contact allergies than the commonly used preparations of MCI/MI in 0.02% aq. and MI in 0.2% aq. METHODS: 1555 dermatitis patients in 5 Swedish dermatology departments were consecutively tested with MCI/MI 0.215% aq., MCI/MI 0.02% aq. and MI 0.2% aq. RESULTS: The share of contact allergy to MCI/MI 0.215% aq., MCI/MI 0.02% aq., and MI 0.2% aq. varied in the test centers between 7.9-25.9%, 3.2-10.3%, and 5.8-12.3%, respectively. MCI/MI 0.215% aq. detected significantly more patch-test positive individuals than both MCI/MI 0.02% aq. (P<.001) and MI 0.2% aq. (P<.001) as well as either one of MCI/MI and MI (P<.001). In the patients only reacting to MCI/MI 0.215% aq., 57.7% were recorded as having a dermatitis that was explained or aggravated by exposure to either MCI/MI or MI. CONCLUSION: The results speak in favour of replacing the preparations MCI/MI 0.02% aq. and MI 0.2% aq. with MCI/MI 0.215% aq. as the screening substance in the Swedish baseline series, which has been implemented 2020. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Multicenter Patch Testing With Methylisothiazolinone and Methylchloroisothiazolinone/Methylisothiazolinone Within the International Contact Dermatitis Research Group.
Dermatitis, 2017Co-Authors: Marlene Isaksson, An Goossens, John Mcfadden, Klaus Ejner Andersen, Peter Elsner, Hemangi Jerajani, Kayoko Matsunaga, Magnus BruzeAbstract:Background: The preservatives methylchloroisothiazolinone/Methylisothiazolinone (MCI/MI) and MI are well-known contact sensitizers. Recently, an increase in the contact allergy frequency for MI 0.2% aqueous (aq) has been seen in many European countries paralleled with an increase in MCI/MI allergy. Many of the MI-allergic patients do not react to MCI/MI 0.01% or 0.02% because the concentration of MI in these preparations is too low (25 and 50 ppm, respectively) to elicit a positive patch test reaction. Objectives: The aims of this study were to investigate the prevalence of contact allergy to MI in the participating clinics representing various countries all over the world, to assess how many additional individuals with contact allergy are found by testing MI 0.2% aq in parallel with MCI/MI 0.02%, and to assess the clinical relevance of MI and MCI/MI allergies. Patients and Methods: In 9 dermatology clinics representing 9 countries, 3865 consecutive patients with dermatitis were patch tested with MI 0.2% aq and in parallel with MCI/MI 0.02% aq, provisionally included into the baseline series. An assessment of clinical relevance in those allergic to MI was also made. Results: Contact allergy to MI was found in 284 patients (7.3%). The frequency of contact allergy varied from 0.8% to 10.9% in different centers. Simultaneous reactivity to 200 ppm of MCI/MI was found in 67.3% of the MI-positive patients. Contact allergy to MI alone without any simultaneous contact allergy to 200 ppm of MCI/MI was diagnosed in 93 patients (32.7%; 2.4% of all tested patients). The contact allergy to MI and/or MCI/MI could explain or contribute to dermatitis in more than 60% of the MI-allergic patients. Conclusions: Methylisothiazolinone of 2000 ppm needs to be patch tested on its own to not miss contact allergy. (Less)
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multicenter patch testing with Methylisothiazolinone and methylchloroisothiazolinone Methylisothiazolinone within the international contact dermatitis research group
Dermatitis, 2017Co-Authors: Marlene Isaksson, An Goossens, J P Mcfadden, Klaus Ejner Andersen, Peter Elsner, Hemangi Jerajani, Kayoko Matsunaga, M BruzeAbstract:Background: The preservatives methylchloroisothiazolinone/Methylisothiazolinone (MCI/MI) and MI are well-known contact sensitizers. Recently, an increase in the contact allergy frequency for MI 0.2% aqueous (aq) has been seen in many European countries paralleled with an increase in MCI/MI allergy. Many of the MI-allergic patients do not react to MCI/MI 0.01% or 0.02% because the concentration of MI in these preparations is too low (25 and 50 ppm, respectively) to elicit a positive patch test reaction. Objectives: The aims of this study were to investigate the prevalence of contact allergy to MI in the participating clinics representing various countries all over the world, to assess how many additional individuals with contact allergy are found by testing MI 0.2% aq in parallel with MCI/MI 0.02%, and to assess the clinical relevance of MI and MCI/MI allergies. Patients and Methods: In 9 dermatology clinics representing 9 countries, 3865 consecutive patients with dermatitis were patch tested with MI 0.2% aq and in parallel with MCI/MI 0.02% aq, provisionally included into the baseline series. An assessment of clinical relevance in those allergic to MI was also made. Results: Contact allergy to MI was found in 284 patients (7.3%). The frequency of contact allergy varied from 0.8% to 10.9% in different centers. Simultaneous reactivity to 200 ppm of MCI/MI was found in 67.3% of the MI-positive patients. Contact allergy to MI alone without any simultaneous contact allergy to 200 ppm of MCI/MI was diagnosed in 93 patients (32.7%; 2.4% of all tested patients). The contact allergy to MI and/or MCI/MI could explain or contribute to dermatitis in more than 60% of the MI-allergic patients. Conclusions: Methylisothiazolinone of 2000 ppm needs to be patch tested on its own to not miss contact allergy. (Less)
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concomitant contact allergies to formaldehyde methylchloroisothiazolinone Methylisothiazolinone Methylisothiazolinone and fragrance mixes i and ii
Contact Dermatitis, 2016Co-Authors: Ann Ponten, Malin Engfeldt, M Bruze, Inese Dubnika Hauksson, Marlene IsakssonAbstract:Background: Contact allergies to the preservatives formaldehyde and methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI)/Methylisothiazolinone (MI) have been reported to appear together at a statistically significant level. Recently, revisions concerning the patch test preparations of MCI/MI, MI and formaldehyde have been recommended for the European baseline series. Aim: To investigate (i) the number of concomitant contact allergies to the preservatives, (ii) the number of concomitant contact allergies to the preservatives and the fragrance mixes (FM I and FM II) and (iii) gender differences. Methods: Patients tested with the Swedish baseline series during the period 2012-2014 at the Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology in Malmo, Sweden were investigated. Results: 2165 patients were patch tested with the baseline series (34% males and 66% females). Contact allergies to formaldehyde and MCI/MI and/or MI were significantly associated (p (Less)
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Concomitant contact allergies to formaldehyde, methylchloroisothiazolinone/Methylisothiazolinone, Methylisothiazolinone, and fragrance mixes I and II.
Contact Dermatitis, 2016Co-Authors: Ann Ponten, Magnus Bruze, Malin Engfeldt, Inese Dubnika Hauksson, Marlene IsakssonAbstract:Background: Contact allergies to the preservatives formaldehyde and methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI)/Methylisothiazolinone (MI) have been reported to appear together at a statistically significant level. Recently, revisions concerning the patch test preparations of MCI/MI, MI and formaldehyde have been recommended for the European baseline series. Aim: To investigate (i) the number of concomitant contact allergies to the preservatives, (ii) the number of concomitant contact allergies to the preservatives and the fragrance mixes (FM I and FM II) and (iii) gender differences. Methods: Patients tested with the Swedish baseline series during the period 2012-2014 at the Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology in Malmo, Sweden were investigated. Results: 2165 patients were patch tested with the baseline series (34% males and 66% females). Contact allergies to formaldehyde and MCI/MI and/or MI were significantly associated (p (Less)