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Erik Daemon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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acaricidal activity of essential oil of syzygium aromaticum hydrolate and eugenol formulated or free on larvae and engorged females of rhipicephalus microplus
2018Co-Authors: Felipe Martins Ferreira, Erik Daemon, Camila Delmonte, T L P Novato, Caio Marcio De Oliveira Monteiro, Fernanda Maria Pinto Vilela, Maria Da Penha Henriques Do AmaralAbstract:The cattle tick, Rhipicephalus microplus (Canestrini, 1888) (Ixodida: Ixodidae), is the most important ectoparasite in cattle-breeding areas and is responsible for severe economic losses. Synthetic acaricides have been used to control this parasite. However, the need for safer products has stimulated the search for new acaricides, such as those to be obtained from medicinal plants. The essential oil of Syzygium aromaticum (clove) has many biological properties and shows great potential for use in veterinary applications. In the context of the need for new agents, this study investigated the in vitro properties of the hydrolate, essential oil and the main constituent of S. aromaticum, eugenol, in formulated and free applications against larvae and females of R. microplus. Eugenol and the essential oil caused 100% mortality in larvae at starting applications of 2.5 mg/mL and 5.0 mg/mL, respectively. The hydrolate showed no activity. Both eugenol and essential oil had good efficacy in adult immersion tests at 50 mg/mL and achieved 100% efficacy at a concentration of 100 mg/mL. The results of these tests reaffirm the important potential of clove essential oil and eugenol.
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Caracterização da população de ectoparasitos em cães de núcleos de expansão urbana de Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brasil Characterization of ectoparasites on dogs in the nucleus of urban expansion of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
2008Co-Authors: Denise F. Rodrigues, Erik Daemon, André Flávio S.f. RodriguesAbstract:No presente trabalho caracterizou-se a população de ectoparasitos em cães de núcleo de expansão urbana de Juiz de Fora, MG. As coletas foram realizadas de julho a setembro de 2003, examinando-se 101 cães SRD (sem raça definida). Os ectoparasitos foram coletados através de inspeção visual e tátil dos animais e acondicionados em frascos com etanol 70°GL e identificados sob estereoscopia. Espécimes foram clarificados e montados para análise em microscopia fotônica. Dentre os sifonápteros, Ctenocephalides felis foi mais prevalente (64,35%) com intensidade média de 6,12 ± 5,37 sifonápteros/cão, seguido por Rhopalopsyllus lutzi (3,96%), híbrida C. felis X C. canis (1,98%), Tunga penetrans (1,98%). Aúnica espécie de fitiráptero encontrada foi Trichodectes canis (7,92%) com 1,3 ± 0,51 fitiráptero/cão. Dentre os ixodídeos, Rhipicephalus sanguineus foi a espécie mais prevalente (49,50%) com intensidade média de 6,44 ± 10,2 ixodídeos/ cão, seguido por Amblyomma cajennense (3,96%), Boophilus microplus (2,97%), A. ovale (1%) e A. aureolatum (1%). As ninfas de ixodídeos foram separadas em ninfas de Amblyomminae (58,41%) com 10,11 ± 10,09 ninfas/cão e ninfas Rhipicephalinae (24,75%) com 2,64 ± 3,25 ninfas/cão. Em 3,96 % dos cães foram encontradas larvas de ixodídeo.The present work studied the characterization of ectoparasites on dogs in the nucleus of expansão urbana of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The collections were conducted from July to September 2003, examining 101 dogs of no defined breed. The ectoparasites were collected through visual and tactile inspection of the animals' bodies, and were then placed in bottles with 70° GL ethanol and identified under a stereomicroscope. Specimens were clarified and mounted on slides for analysis under a photonic microscope. Among the siphonaptera, Ctenocephalides felis was the most prevalent (64.35%), with mean intensity of 6.12 ± 5.37 siphonaptera/dog, followed by Rhopalopsyllus lutzi (3.96%), a hybrid of C. felis X C. canis (1.98%), and Tunga penetrans (1.98%). The only species of phthiraptera found was Trichodectes canis (7.92%), with 1.3 ± 0.51 phthiraptera/dog. Among the Ixodidae, Rhipicephalus sanguineus was the most prevalent species (49.50%), with a mean intensity of 6.44 ± 10.2 Ixodidae/dog, followed by Amblyomma cajennense (3.96%), Boophilus microplus (2.97%), A. ovale (1%) and A. aureolatum (1%). The ixodid nymphs were separated into aAmblyomminae nymphs (58.41%), with 10.11 ± 10.09 nymphs/dog, and Rhipicephalinae nymphs ¹(24.75%), with 2.64 ± 3.25 nymphs/dog. Ixodid larvae were found on 3.96 % of the dogs
Nava Santiago - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Efficacy of winter–spring strategic control against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus infestations on cattle in an area with ecological conditions highly favourable for the tick in northeast Argentina
2019Co-Authors: Nava Santiago, Guglielmone, Alberto Alejandro, Morel Nicolas, Mangold, Atilio JoseAbstract:This work was performed to test the efficacy of winter?spring controlstrategies against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Ixodida: Ixodidae) infestationson cattle in the area ecologically most favourable for the development of this tick inArgentina. Two control schemes using three and four annual applications of acaricides,respectively, were evaluated. Animals in Group 1 were treated with ivermectin 3.15% onday 0, fluazuron on day 34, and fipronil on day 85. Animals in Group 2 were treated withivermectin 3.15% on day 0, fluazuron on day 34, flumethrin on day 85, and fipronil onday 114. Animals in Group 3 represented the control group. Both treatment schemesprovided appropriate levels of efficacy against R. microplus and also prevented theoccurrence of the major peak in the frequency of this tick in autumn. The two treatmentschemes were similar in terms of efficacy and thus the addition of a fourth treatment doesnot seem to confer any further advantage. The results of this work indicate that thesestrategic control methods provide appropriate levels of control against R. microplus
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Birds and hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae), with discussions about hypotheses on tick evolution
2017Co-Authors: Guglielmone Alberto, Nava SantiagoAbstract:The relationship between birds (Aves) and hard ticks (Ixodidae) was analyzed for the 386 of 721 tick extant species whose larva, nymph and adults are known as well as their natural hosts. A total of 136 (54 Prostriata= Ixodes, 82 Metastriata= all other genera) are frequently found on Aves, but only 32 species (1 associated with Palaeognathae, 31 with Neognathae) have all parasitic stages feeding on birds: 25 Ixodes (19% of the species analyzed for this genus), 6 Haemaphysalis (7%) and 1 species of Amblyomma (2%). The species of Amblyomma feeds on marine birds (MB), the six Haemaphysalis are parasites of non-marine birds (NMB), and 14 of the 25 Ixodes feed on NMB, one feeds on NMB and MB, and ten on MB. The Australasian Ixodes + I. uriae clade probably originated at an uncertain time from the late Triassic to the early Cretaceous. It is speculated that Prostriata first hosts were Gondwanan theropod dinosaurs in an undetermined place before Pangaea break up; alternatively, if ancestral monotromes were involved in its evolution an Australasian origin of Prostriata seems plausible. As for Prostriata the Motherland of Ixodida is probably Gondwana
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Birds and hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae), with discussions about hypotheses on tick evolution
2017Co-Authors: Guglielmone Alberto, Nava SantiagoAbstract:The relationship between birds (Aves) and hard ticks (Ixodidae) was analyzed for the 386 of 721 tick extant species whose larva, nymph and adults are known as well as their natural hosts. A total of 136 (54 Prostriata= Ixodes, 82 Metastriata= all other genera) are frequently found on Aves, but only 32 species (1 associated with Palaeognathae, 31 with Neognathae) have all parasitic stages feeding on birds: 25 Ixodes (19% of the species analyzed for this genus), 6 Haemaphysalis (7%) and 1 species of Amblyomma (2%). The species of Amblyomma feeds on marine birds (MB), the six Haemaphysalis are parasites of non-marine birds (NMB), and 14 of the 25 Ixodes feed on NMB, one feeds on NMB and MB, and ten on MB. The Australasian Ixodes + I. uriae clade probably originated at an uncertain time from the late Triassic to the early Cretaceous. It is speculated that Prostriata first hosts were Gondwanan theropod dinosaurs in an undetermined place before Pangaea break up; alternatively, if ancestral monotromes were involved in its evolution an Australasian origin of Prostriata seems plausible. As for Prostriata the Motherland of Ixodida is probably Gondwana.Aves y garrapatas duras (Ixodidae), con discusión sobre hipótesis sobre evolución de las garrapatas. En esta revisión se analizó la relación entre aves y garrapatas duras (Ixodidae) para las 386 de 725 especies de garrapatas que utilizan aves como hospedadores para larvas, ninfas y adultos. Un total de 136 especies (54 Prostriata= Ixodes, 82 Metastriata= restantes géneros) son frecuentemente encontradas sobre aves, pero solo 32 especies (1 asociada con Palaeognathae, 31 con Neognathae) tienen ciclos donde todos los estadios se alimentan sobre aves: 25 Ixodes (19% de las especies analizadas para este género), 6 Haemaphysalis (7% del total) y 1 especie de Amblyomma (2% del total). Las especies de Amblyomma se alimentan sobre aves marinas (MB), las seis de Haemaphysalis son parásitas de aves no-marinas (NMB), y 14 de las 25 especies de Ixodes se alimentan sobre NMB, una sobre NMB y MB, y diez sobre MB. El clado de Australasia Ixodes + I. uriae probablemente se originó entre el fin del Triásico y comienzos del Cretácico. Se especula que los primeros hospedadores de Prostriata fueron dinosaurios terópodos con distribución Gondwánica; alternativamente, si monotremas ancestrales estuvieron involucrados en su evolución, un origen de Prostriata en Australasia es plausible. Al igual que para Prostriata, el área de origen de Ixodida es probablemente GondwanaEEA RafaelaFil: Guglielmone, Alberto. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Nava, Santiago. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin
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Aves y garrapatas duras (Ixodidae), con discusión sobre hipótesis sobre evolución de las garrapatas
2017Co-Authors: Guglielmone, Alberto Alejandro, Nava SantiagoAbstract:The relationship between birds (Aves) and hard ticks (Ixodidae) was analyzed for the 386 of 725 tick extant species whose larva, nymph and adults are known as well as their natural hosts. A total of 136 (54 Prostriata= Ixodes, 82 Metastriata= all other genera) are frequently found on Aves, but only 32 species (1 associated with Palaeognathae, 31 with Neognathae) have all parasitic stages feeding on birds: 25 Ixodes (19% of the species analyzed for this genus), 6 Haemaphysalis (7%) and 1 species of Amblyomma (2%). The species of Amblyomma feeds on marine birds (MB), the six Haemaphysalis are parasites of non-marine birds (NMB), and 14 of the 25 Ixodes feed on NMB, one feeds on NMB and MB, and ten on MB. The Australasian Ixodes + I. uriae clade probably originated at an uncertain time from the late Triassic to the early Cretaceous. It is speculated that Prostriata first hosts were Gondwanan theropod dinosaurs in an undetermined place before Pangaea break up; alternatively, if ancestral monotromes were involved in its evolution an Australasian origin of Prostriata seems plausible. As for Prostriata the Motherland of Ixodida is probably Gondwana.En esta revisión se analizó la relación entre aves y garrapatas duras (Ixodidae) para las 386 de 725 especies de garrapatas que utilizan aves como hospedadores para larvas, ninfas y adultos. Un total de 136 especies (54 Prostriata= Ixodes, 82 Metastriata= restantes géneros) son frecuentemente encontradas sobre aves, pero solo 32 especies (1 asociada con Palaeognathae, 31 con Neognathae) tienen ciclos donde todos los estadios se alimentan sobre aves: 25 Ixodes (19% de las especies analizadas para este género), 6 Haemaphysalis (7% del total) y 1 especie de Amblyomma (2% del total). Las especies de Amblyomma se alimentan sobre aves marinas (MB), las seis de Haemaphysalis son parásitas de aves no-marinas (NMB), y 14 de las 25 especies de Ixodes se alimentan sobre NMB, una sobre NMB y MB, y diez sobre MB. El clado de Australasia Ixodes + I. uriae probablemente se originó entre el fin del Triásico y comienzos del Cretácico. Se especula que los primeros hospedadores de Prostriata fueron dinosaurios terópodos con distribución Gondwánica; alternativamente, si monotremas ancestrales estuvieron involucrados en su evolución, un origen de Prostriata en Australasia es plausible. Al igual que para Prostriata, el área de origen de Ixodida es probablemente Gondwana.Fil: Guglielmone, Alberto Alejandro. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Santa Fe. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe; ArgentinaFil: Nava, Santiago. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Santa Fe. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe; Argentin
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Especies de garrapatas duras en un área urbana protegida de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires = Hard Tick Species in a Protected Urban Area of Buenos Aires City
2017Co-Authors: Cicuttin, Gabriel L., De Salvo, María Nazarena, Nava SantiagoAbstract:INTRODUCCIÓN: Las garrapatas (Acari, Ixodida) son artrópodos vectores de gran diversidad de patógenos virales, bacterianos y protozoarios, muchos de los cuales son zoonóticos y emergentes. En Argentina se encuentran numerosas especies de garrapatas duras (familia Ixodidae) que también parasitan al hombre. Las áreas urbanas protegidas son ecosistemas naturales que están dentro de grandes urbes o limitan con ellas. En la Reserva Ecológica Costanera Sur (RECS) de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (CABA) circulan especies silvestres que no tienen presencia en otras áreas de la ciudad, con potenciales hospedadores y vectores. OBJETIVOS: Determinar las especies de garrapatas presentes en la RECS (CABA). MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo descriptivo transversal mediante muestreos para colectar garrapatas de vegetación y de hospedadores como perros y distintas especies de roedores. RESULTADOS: En total se recolectaron 1090 garrapatas de la vegetación (454 de la especie Amblyomma aureolatum, 635 Ixodes auritulus y 1 Amblyomma triste) y 67 de los perros (64 A. aureolatum, 2 Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato y 1 A. triste). No se detectaron garrapatas en 200 roedores revisados. CONCLUSIONES: Las especies de garrapatas detectadas en este estudio tienen importancia en salud pública, tanto porque parasitan a humanos (A. aureolatum, A. triste y R. sanguineus s. l.) como porque participan en el ciclo y transmisión de distintos patógenos zoonóticos en distintas regiones del mundo, incluso Argentina.INTRODUCTION: Ticks (Acari, Ixodida) are arthropod vectors of great diversity of viral, bacterial and protozoan pathogens, many of which are zoonotic and emerging. In Argentina, there are numerous hard tick species (Ixodidae family) which also parasitize humans. Protected urban areas are natural ecosystems located within or near large urban centers. The Costanera Sur Ecological Reserve (RECS) of Buenos Aires city shows a circulation of wild species that have no presence in other areas of the city. There are potential hosts and vectors. OBJECTIVES: A quantitative cross sectional study was carried to detect the species of ticks present in the RECS of Buenos Aires city. METHODS: A quantitative cross - sectional study was carried out by sampling to collect ticks from vegetation and hosts (rodents and dogs). RESULTS: In total, 1090 ticks were collected from the vegetation (454 of the species Amblyomma aureolatum, 635 Ixodes auritulus and 1 Amblyomma triste) and 67 from dogs (64 A. aureolatum, 2 Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato and 1 A. triste). No ticks were detected in 200 examined rodents. CONCLUSIONS: Ticks species detected in this study are important for public health, because they are parasites of humans (A. aureolatum, A. triste and R. sanguineus s. l.) and participate in the cycle and transmission of different zoonotic pathogens in different regions of the world, including Argentina.EEA RafaelaFil: Cicuttin, Gabriel L. Buenos Aires (Argentina). Ministerio de Salud. Instituto de Zoonosis Luis Pasteur; ArgentinaFil: de Salvo, María Nazarena. Buenos Aires (Argentina). Ministerio de Salud. Instituto de Zoonosis Luis Pasteur; ArgentinaFil: Nava, Santiago. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela; Argentina
Rodrigues, André Flávio S.f. - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Caracterização da população de ectoparasitos em cães de núcleos de expansão urbana de Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brasil
2008Co-Authors: Rodrigues, Denise F., Daemon Erik, Rodrigues, André Flávio S.f.Abstract:No presente trabalho caracterizou-se a população de ectoparasitos em cães de núcleo de expansão urbana de Juiz de Fora, MG. As coletas foram realizadas de julho a setembro de 2003, examinando-se 101 cães SRD (sem raça definida). Os ectoparasitos foram coletados através de inspeção visual e tátil dos animais e acondicionados em frascos com etanol 70°GL e identificados sob estereoscopia. Espécimes foram clarificados e montados para análise em microscopia fotônica. Dentre os sifonápteros, Ctenocephalides felis foi mais prevalente (64,35%) com intensidade média de 6,12 ± 5,37 sifonápteros/cão, seguido por Rhopalopsyllus lutzi (3,96%), híbrida C. felis X C. canis (1,98%), Tunga penetrans (1,98%). Aúnica espécie de fitiráptero encontrada foi Trichodectes canis (7,92%) com 1,3 ± 0,51 fitiráptero/cão. Dentre os ixodídeos, Rhipicephalus sanguineus foi a espécie mais prevalente (49,50%) com intensidade média de 6,44 ± 10,2 ixodídeos/ cão, seguido por Amblyomma cajennense (3,96%), Boophilus microplus (2,97%), A. ovale (1%) e A. aureolatum (1%). As ninfas de ixodídeos foram separadas em ninfas de Amblyomminae (58,41%) com 10,11 ± 10,09 ninfas/cão e ninfas Rhipicephalinae (24,75%) com 2,64 ± 3,25 ninfas/cão. em 3,96 % dos cães foram encontradas larvas de ixodídeo.The present work studied the characterization of ectoparasites on dogs in the nucleus of expansão urbana of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The collections were conducted from July to September 2003, examining 101 dogs of no defined breed. The ectoparasites were collected through visual and tactile inspection of the animals' bodies, and were then placed in bottles with 70° GL ethanol and identified under a stereomicroscope. Specimens were clarified and mounted on slides for analysis under a photonic microscope. Among the siphonaptera, Ctenocephalides felis was the most prevalent (64.35%), with mean intensity of 6.12 ± 5.37 siphonaptera/dog, followed by Rhopalopsyllus lutzi (3.96%), a hybrid of C. felis X C. canis (1.98%), and Tunga penetrans (1.98%). The only species of phthiraptera found was Trichodectes canis (7.92%), with 1.3 ± 0.51 phthiraptera/dog. Among the Ixodidae, Rhipicephalus sanguineus was the most prevalent species (49.50%), with a mean intensity of 6.44 ± 10.2 Ixodidae/dog, followed by Amblyomma cajennense (3.96%), Boophilus microplus (2.97%), A. ovale (1%) and A. aureolatum (1%). The ixodid nymphs were separated into aAmblyomminae nymphs (58.41%), with 10.11 ± 10.09 nymphs/dog, and Rhipicephalinae nymphs ¹(24.75%), with 2.64 ± 3.25 nymphs/dog. Ixodid larvae were found on 3.96 % of the dogs
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Characterization of ectoparasites on dogs in the nucleus of urban expansion of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
2008Co-Authors: Rodrigues, Denise F. [unesp], Daemon Erik, Rodrigues, André Flávio S.f.Abstract:No presente trabalho caracterizou-se a população de ectoparasitos em cães de núcleo de expansão urbana de Juiz de Fora, MG. As coletas foram realizadas de julho a setembro de 2003, examinando-se 101 cães SRD (sem raça definida). Os ectoparasitos foram coletados através de inspeção visual e tátil dos animais e acondicionados em frascos com etanol 70°GL e identificados sob estereoscopia. Espécimes foram clarificados e montados para análise em microscopia fotônica. Dentre os sifonápteros, Ctenocephalides felis foi mais prevalente (64,35%) com intensidade média de 6,12 ± 5,37 sifonápteros/cão, seguido por Rhopalopsyllus lutzi (3,96%), híbrida C. felis X C. canis (1,98%), Tunga penetrans (1,98%). Aúnica espécie de fitiráptero encontrada foi Trichodectes canis (7,92%) com 1,3 ± 0,51 fitiráptero/cão. Dentre os ixodídeos, Rhipicephalus sanguineus foi a espécie mais prevalente (49,50%) com intensidade média de 6,44 ± 10,2 ixodídeos/ cão, seguido por Amblyomma cajennense (3,96%), Boophilus microplus (2,97%), A. ovale (1%) e A. aureolatum (1%). As ninfas de ixodídeos foram separadas em ninfas de Amblyomminae (58,41%) com 10,11 ± 10,09 ninfas/cão e ninfas Rhipicephalinae (24,75%) com 2,64 ± 3,25 ninfas/cão. em 3,96 % dos cães foram encontradas larvas de ixodídeo.The present work studied the characterization of ectoparasites on dogs in the nucleus of expansão urbana of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The collections were conducted from July to September 2003, examining 101 dogs of no defined breed. The ectoparasites were collected through visual and tactile inspection of the animals' bodies, and were then placed in bottles with 70° GL ethanol and identified under a stereomicroscope. Specimens were clarified and mounted on slides for analysis under a photonic microscope. Among the siphonaptera, Ctenocephalides felis was the most prevalent (64.35%), with mean intensity of 6.12 ± 5.37 siphonaptera/dog, followed by Rhopalopsyllus lutzi (3.96%), a hybrid of C. felis X C. canis (1.98%), and Tunga penetrans (1.98%). The only species of phthiraptera found was Trichodectes canis (7.92%), with 1.3 ± 0.51 phthiraptera/dog. Among the Ixodidae, Rhipicephalus sanguineus was the most prevalent species (49.50%), with a mean intensity of 6.44 ± 10.2 Ixodidae/dog, followed by Amblyomma cajennense (3.96%), Boophilus microplus (2.97%), A. ovale (1%) and A. aureolatum (1%). The ixodid nymphs were separated into aAmblyomminae nymphs (58.41%), with 10.11 ± 10.09 nymphs/dog, and Rhipicephalinae nymphs ¹(24.75%), with 2.64 ± 3.25 nymphs/dog. Ixodid larvae were found on 3.96 % of the dogs
Ben J Mans - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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integrative taxonomy and species delimitation of rhipicephalus turanicus acari Ixodida Ixodidae
2020Co-Authors: Deon K Bakkes, Lidia Chitimiadobler, Ben J Mans, Kosta Y Mumcuoglu, Dikeledi Matloa, Morne Oosthuysen, Conrad A MattheeAbstract:Rhipicephalus turanicus ticks are widely distributed across the Palearctic and Afrotropics. These two continental populations display differences in morphological characters that raise the question of a potential species boundary. However, the taxonomic status of these morphologically divergent lineages is uncertain because R. turanicus from Cyprus and Zambia have been shown to interbreed and produce fertile hybrids. We employ integrative taxonomy that considers data from mtDNA sequences (12S and 16S rDNA), geographic distribution, traditional (qualitative) morphology, as well as shape outlines of female spiracles and male adanal plates measured in a geometric morphometric framework (quantitative morphology) to resolve this taxonomic issue. Molecular lines of evidence (12S and 16S rDNA) support taxonomic separation between ticks sampled in the Afrotropics and the Palearctic. This is corroborated by qualitative and quantitative morphology. Within the Palearctic, two sub-lineages were recovered based on sequence data that loosely correspond to southern Europe and the Middle East/Asia. One new species, Rhipicephalus afranicus n. sp. is described from South Africa with a geographic distribution that extends into eastern Africa. This leaves R. turanicus sensu lato comprised of two lineages located in southern Europe and the Middle East/Asia. The type locality for R. turanicus is in Uzbekistan, thus the Middle East/Asia lineage is considered R. turanicus sensu stricto. Detailed descriptions are provided for R. afranicus n. sp. and R. turanicus sensu stricto together with high resolution images. Speciation is attributed to recent Sahara desert expansion that formed a natural barrier to dispersal approximately 5-7 million years ago. However, reproductive potential between these two species suggests that divergence time and mode of speciation were not sufficient for the development of reproductive isolation. We suggest speciation was complicated by divergence and population reintegration events driven by oscillating climatic conditions contributing to reticulate evolution and maintenance of compatibility between reproductive mechanisms. This study represents an integrative (iterative) approach to delimiting Rhipicephalus spp., and provides the first application of shape outlines for female spiracles and male adanal plates measured in a geometric morphometric framework, applied to testing species boundaries between ticks.
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The Mitochondrial Genomes of Nuttalliella namaqua (Ixodoidea: Nuttalliellidae) and Argas africolumbae (Ixodoidae: Argasidae): Estimation of Divergence Dates for the Major Tick Lineages and Reconstruction of Ancestral Blood-Feeding Characters
2016Co-Authors: Ben J Mans, Minique H De Castro, Daniel De Klerk, Ronel Pienaar, Abdalla A LatifAbstract:Ixodida are composed of hard (Ixodidae), soft (Argasidae) and the monotypic Nuttalliellidae (Nuttalliella namaqua) tick families. Nuclear 18S rRNA analysis suggested that N. namaqua was the closest extant relative to the last common ancestral tick lineage. The mitochondrial genomes of N. namaqua and Argas africolumbae were determined using next generation sequencing and de novo assembly to investigate this further. The latter was included since previous estimates on the divergence times of argasids lacked data for this major genus. Mitochondrial gene order for both was identical to that of the Argasidae and Prostriata. Bayesian analysis of the COI, Cytb, ND1, ND2 and ND4 genes confirmed the monophyly of ticks, the basal position of N. namaqua to the other tick families and the accepted systematic relationships of the other tick genera. Molecular clock estimates were derived for the divergence of the major tick lineages and supported previous estimates on the origins of ticks in the Carboniferous. N. namaqua larvae fed successfully on lizards and mice in a prolonged manner similar to many argasids and all ixodids. Excess blood meal-derived water was secreted via the salivary glands, similar to ixodids. We propose that this prolonged larval feeding style eventually gave rise to the long feeding periods that typify the single larval, nymphal and adult stages of ixodid ticks and the associated secretion of water via the salivary glands. Ancestral reconstruction of characters involved in blood-feeding indicates that most of the characteristics unique to eithe
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the mitochondrial genomes of nuttalliella namaqua ixodoidea nuttalliellidae and argas africolumbae ixodoidae argasidae estimation of divergence dates for the major tick lineages and reconstruction of ancestral blood feeding characters
2012Co-Authors: Ben J Mans, Minique H De Castro, Daniel De Klerk, Ronel Pienaar, Abdalla A LatifAbstract:Ixodida are composed of hard (Ixodidae), soft (Argasidae) and the monotypic Nuttalliellidae (Nuttalliella namaqua) tick families. Nuclear 18S rRNA analysis suggested that N. namaqua was the closest extant relative to the last common ancestral tick lineage. The mitochondrial genomes of N. namaqua and Argas africolumbae were determined using next generation sequencing and de novo assembly to investigate this further. The latter was included since previous estimates on the divergence times of argasids lacked data for this major genus. Mitochondrial gene order for both was identical to that of the Argasidae and Prostriata. Bayesian analysis of the COI, Cytb, ND1, ND2 and ND4 genes confirmed the monophyly of ticks, the basal position of N. namaqua to the other tick families and the accepted systematic relationships of the other tick genera. Molecular clock estimates were derived for the divergence of the major tick lineages and supported previous estimates on the origins of ticks in the Carboniferous. N. namaqua larvae fed successfully on lizards and mice in a prolonged manner similar to many argasids and all ixodids. Excess blood meal-derived water was secreted via the salivary glands, similar to ixodids. We propose that this prolonged larval feeding style eventually gave rise to the long feeding periods that typify the single larval, nymphal and adult stages of ixodid ticks and the associated secretion of water via the salivary glands. Ancestral reconstruction of characters involved in blood-feeding indicates that most of the characteristics unique to either hard or soft tick families were present in the ancestral tick lineage.
Abdalla A Latif - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Mitochondrial Genomes of Nuttalliella namaqua (Ixodoidea: Nuttalliellidae) and Argas africolumbae (Ixodoidae: Argasidae): Estimation of Divergence Dates for the Major Tick Lineages and Reconstruction of Ancestral Blood-Feeding Characters
2016Co-Authors: Ben J Mans, Minique H De Castro, Daniel De Klerk, Ronel Pienaar, Abdalla A LatifAbstract:Ixodida are composed of hard (Ixodidae), soft (Argasidae) and the monotypic Nuttalliellidae (Nuttalliella namaqua) tick families. Nuclear 18S rRNA analysis suggested that N. namaqua was the closest extant relative to the last common ancestral tick lineage. The mitochondrial genomes of N. namaqua and Argas africolumbae were determined using next generation sequencing and de novo assembly to investigate this further. The latter was included since previous estimates on the divergence times of argasids lacked data for this major genus. Mitochondrial gene order for both was identical to that of the Argasidae and Prostriata. Bayesian analysis of the COI, Cytb, ND1, ND2 and ND4 genes confirmed the monophyly of ticks, the basal position of N. namaqua to the other tick families and the accepted systematic relationships of the other tick genera. Molecular clock estimates were derived for the divergence of the major tick lineages and supported previous estimates on the origins of ticks in the Carboniferous. N. namaqua larvae fed successfully on lizards and mice in a prolonged manner similar to many argasids and all ixodids. Excess blood meal-derived water was secreted via the salivary glands, similar to ixodids. We propose that this prolonged larval feeding style eventually gave rise to the long feeding periods that typify the single larval, nymphal and adult stages of ixodid ticks and the associated secretion of water via the salivary glands. Ancestral reconstruction of characters involved in blood-feeding indicates that most of the characteristics unique to eithe
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the mitochondrial genomes of nuttalliella namaqua ixodoidea nuttalliellidae and argas africolumbae ixodoidae argasidae estimation of divergence dates for the major tick lineages and reconstruction of ancestral blood feeding characters
2012Co-Authors: Ben J Mans, Minique H De Castro, Daniel De Klerk, Ronel Pienaar, Abdalla A LatifAbstract:Ixodida are composed of hard (Ixodidae), soft (Argasidae) and the monotypic Nuttalliellidae (Nuttalliella namaqua) tick families. Nuclear 18S rRNA analysis suggested that N. namaqua was the closest extant relative to the last common ancestral tick lineage. The mitochondrial genomes of N. namaqua and Argas africolumbae were determined using next generation sequencing and de novo assembly to investigate this further. The latter was included since previous estimates on the divergence times of argasids lacked data for this major genus. Mitochondrial gene order for both was identical to that of the Argasidae and Prostriata. Bayesian analysis of the COI, Cytb, ND1, ND2 and ND4 genes confirmed the monophyly of ticks, the basal position of N. namaqua to the other tick families and the accepted systematic relationships of the other tick genera. Molecular clock estimates were derived for the divergence of the major tick lineages and supported previous estimates on the origins of ticks in the Carboniferous. N. namaqua larvae fed successfully on lizards and mice in a prolonged manner similar to many argasids and all ixodids. Excess blood meal-derived water was secreted via the salivary glands, similar to ixodids. We propose that this prolonged larval feeding style eventually gave rise to the long feeding periods that typify the single larval, nymphal and adult stages of ixodid ticks and the associated secretion of water via the salivary glands. Ancestral reconstruction of characters involved in blood-feeding indicates that most of the characteristics unique to either hard or soft tick families were present in the ancestral tick lineage.
