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Shula Chiat - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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When Ottoman is Easier than Chair: An Inverse Frequency Effect in Jargon Aphasia
Cortex, 2020Co-Authors: Jane Marshall, Shula Chiat, Tim Pring, Jo RobsonAbstract:This paper presents evidence of an inverse frequency effect in Jargon Aphasia. The subject (JP) showed a pre-disposition for low frequency word production on a range of tasks, including picture naming, sentence completion and naming in categories. Her real word errors were also striking, in that these tended to be lower in frequency than the target. Reading data suggested that the inverse frequency effect was present only when production was semantically mediated. It was therefore hypothesised that the effect was at least partly due to the semantic characteristics of low frequency items. Some support for this was obtained from a comprehension task showing that JP's understanding of low frequency terms, which she often produced as errors, was superior to her understanding of high frequency terms. Possible explanations for these findings are considered.
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phoneme frequency effects in Jargon Aphasia a phonological investigation of nonword errors
Brain and Language, 2003Co-Authors: Jo Robson, Jane Marshall, Tim Pring, Shula ChiatAbstract:Abstract This study investigates the nonwords produced by a Jargon speaker, LT. Despite presenting with severe neologistic Jargon, LT can produce discrete responses in picture naming tasks thus allowing the properties of his Jargon to be investigated. This ability was exploited in two naming tasks. The first showed that LT’s nonword errors are related to their targets despite being generally unrecognisable. This relatedness appears to be a general property of his errors suggesting that they are produced by lexical rather than nonlexical means. The second naming task used a set of stimuli controlled for their phonemic content. This allowed an investigation of target phonology at the level of individual phonemes. Nonword responses maintained the English distribution of consonants and showed a significant relationship to the target phonologies. A strong influence of phoneme frequency was identified. High frequency consonants showed a pattern of frequent but indiscriminate use. Low frequency consonants were realised less often but were largely restricted to target related contexts rarely appearing as error phonology. The findings are explained within a lexical activation network with the proposal that the resting levels of phoneme nodes are frequency sensitive. Predictions for the recovery of Jargon Aphasia and suggestions for future investigations are made.
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enhancing communication in Jargon Aphasia a small group study of writing therapy
International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders, 2001Co-Authors: Jo Robson, Jane Marshall, Shula Chiat, Tim PringAbstract:People with Jargon Aphasia have severely disordered and incomprehensible speech that may be resistant to therapeutic intervention. In this study, we treated written output and examined whether it assisted communication for these clients. In stage one of the study, anagram sorting, delayed copying and lexical decision tasks were used to investigate the residual knowledge of written words in a group of ten people with Jargon Aphasia. Evidence of the presence of orthographic knowledge was taken as an indication that writing might be a useful focus for therapy. This hypothesis was explored in stage two with six clients. A personally useful vocabulary was selected for each, and copying, word completion and written picture-naming tasks were used in therapy to improve written production of these words. The clients made progress in written naming. However, they showed little change on a 'message' assessment that tested their ability to use the written words to convey messages. Stage three targeted communicative w...
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phonological naming therapy in Jargon Aphasia positive but paradoxical effects
Journal of The International Neuropsychological Society, 1998Co-Authors: Jo Robson, Jane Marshall, Tim Pring, Shula ChiatAbstract:This article is a single-case investigation of phonological naming therapy. The individual involved had fluent Jargon speech, with neologisms, verbal parAphasias, and paragrammatisms. The Jargon was underpinned by a severe anomia. Content words were rarely accessed either in spontaneous speech or naming. Single word investigations highlighted some preserved skills. Auditory comprehension, at least for concrete words, was relatively intact and although nonwords could not be repeated, words could, and at a level which was far superior to naming. The patient also had some ability to respond to phonological cues. These results suggested that phonological representations were preserved and that there were some intact semantic abilities. It seemed that the naming disorder was primarily due to an inability to access phonology from semantics. Therapy took a phonological approach. The patient was encouraged to reflect upon the syllabic structure and first phoneme of pictured targets. Subsequently, she was required to use this partial phonological knowledge as a self-cue. It was hypothesized that this therapy might equip the subject with a self-cuing naming strategy. Posttherapy investigations of naming demonstrated dramatic improvements, which generalized to untreated items. However, there was little evidence that these were due to a self cuing strategy. Performance on phonological judgment and discrimination assessments, which required conscious phonological reflection, was unchanged, and there were no signs that the patient was self-cuing during naming. Reasons for these paradoxical results are discussed. (JINS, 1998, 4, 675‐686.)
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written communication in undifferentiated Jargon Aphasia a therapy study
International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders, 1998Co-Authors: Jo Robson, Jane Marshall, Tim Pring, Sarah Morrison, Shula ChiatAbstract:A subject, R.M.M., with a 2-year history of Jargon Aphasia is described. At the beginning of this study she had minimal meaningful spoken output and showed little awareness of her speech despite having relatively well-preserved auditory comprehension. Her spoken output had proved resistant to earlier periods of therapy. In contrast, R.M.M.'s written output showed some ability to access orthographic information and monitoring of this modality was shown by an acute awareness of her errors. A 3-stage therapy programme is described. This was designed to improve R.M.M.'s writing of single words and to encourage use of writing as an alternative means of communication. The initial stage of therapy aimed to increase R.M.M.'s access to written word forms by use of picture stimuli. She showed significant improvement in writing treated items in response to pictures both immediately after therapy and at re-assessment 6 weeks later. Despite the acquisition of these skills, R.M.M. failed to use them in communicative co...
Tim Pring - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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When Ottoman is Easier than Chair: An Inverse Frequency Effect in Jargon Aphasia
Cortex, 2020Co-Authors: Jane Marshall, Shula Chiat, Tim Pring, Jo RobsonAbstract:This paper presents evidence of an inverse frequency effect in Jargon Aphasia. The subject (JP) showed a pre-disposition for low frequency word production on a range of tasks, including picture naming, sentence completion and naming in categories. Her real word errors were also striking, in that these tended to be lower in frequency than the target. Reading data suggested that the inverse frequency effect was present only when production was semantically mediated. It was therefore hypothesised that the effect was at least partly due to the semantic characteristics of low frequency items. Some support for this was obtained from a comprehension task showing that JP's understanding of low frequency terms, which she often produced as errors, was superior to her understanding of high frequency terms. Possible explanations for these findings are considered.
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mechanisms of change in the evolution of Jargon Aphasia
Aphasiology, 2011Co-Authors: Emma Eaton, Jane Marshall, Tim PringAbstract:Background: The evolution of Jargon Aphasia may reflect recovery in the speech production processes. Alternatively or additionally there may be improved self-monitoring, enabling the person to suppress Jargon errors. Previous case reports offer evidence for both mechanisms of change, and suggest that they can co-occur. Aims: This longitudinal study aimed to uncover mechanisms of change in an individual with Jargon Aphasia. Four predictions of production processing recovery were examined against test data. The study also looked for evidence of improved error awareness, in both test and connected speech data, and explored the relationship between this improvement and the production gains. Methods & Procedures: The participant (TK) undertook tests of single word naming, reading and repetition eight times over a 21-month period, with matched sets of nouns and verbs. Analyses of correct responses and errors were conducted, in order to test predictions of processing recovery. Changes in self-monitoring behaviou...
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like deja vu all over again patterns of perseveration in two people with Jargon Aphasia
Aphasiology, 2010Co-Authors: Emma Eaton, Jane Marshall, Tim PringAbstract:Background: It has been argued that perseveration type corresponds to the level of breakdown, so that total perseveration (repetition of a whole word) involves reactivation of a previous word at the lexical level when the target word is insufficiently activated. A blended perseveration (repetition of part of a previous response) results from a failure of target activation at the phoneme level (e.g., Martin & Dell, 2007). This is challenged by the occurrence of nonword total perseverations, as these cannot be lexical retrievals (Hirsh, 1998). A further problem is the occurrence of long intervals between perseverations and their sources. Some authors have invoked semantic relationships to explain these intervals (e.g., Martin, Roach, Brecher, & Lowery, 1998). Aims: This study examines the perseveration of two individuals with Jargon Aphasia and explores the proposal that while some perseveration may result from reactivation of recent responses as described above, others are built around default phonology, r...
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phoneme frequency effects in Jargon Aphasia a phonological investigation of nonword errors
Brain and Language, 2003Co-Authors: Jo Robson, Jane Marshall, Tim Pring, Shula ChiatAbstract:Abstract This study investigates the nonwords produced by a Jargon speaker, LT. Despite presenting with severe neologistic Jargon, LT can produce discrete responses in picture naming tasks thus allowing the properties of his Jargon to be investigated. This ability was exploited in two naming tasks. The first showed that LT’s nonword errors are related to their targets despite being generally unrecognisable. This relatedness appears to be a general property of his errors suggesting that they are produced by lexical rather than nonlexical means. The second naming task used a set of stimuli controlled for their phonemic content. This allowed an investigation of target phonology at the level of individual phonemes. Nonword responses maintained the English distribution of consonants and showed a significant relationship to the target phonologies. A strong influence of phoneme frequency was identified. High frequency consonants showed a pattern of frequent but indiscriminate use. Low frequency consonants were realised less often but were largely restricted to target related contexts rarely appearing as error phonology. The findings are explained within a lexical activation network with the proposal that the resting levels of phoneme nodes are frequency sensitive. Predictions for the recovery of Jargon Aphasia and suggestions for future investigations are made.
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written communication using a lightwriter in undifferentiated Jargon Aphasia a single case study
Aphasiology, 2003Co-Authors: Kelly Jacksonwaite, Jo Robson, Tim PringAbstract:Background: The difficulties of language rehabilitation in Jargon Aphasia are well known. The presence of fluent, empty, often neologistic speech makes these clients largely unintelligible, and lack of awareness of their language problems often makes them resistant to therapy. In some clients, writing, although impaired, differs from speech. Neologisms do not occur and output is monitored. Studies have shown that these residual writing skills can respond to therapy, and act as an alternative form of communication. Client: MA has undifferentiated Jargon Aphasia. Her spoken output had not responded to treatment, and therapy had failed to establish a nonverbal mode of communication. Her writing was impaired, and its slow and effortful execution hindered her progress. However, she retained some ability to access written words and was aware of her errors. Aims: Therapy aimed to improve access to written words, and to facilitate writing by using a Lightwriter. Methods & Procedures: Three stages of therapy were ...
Jo Robson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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When Ottoman is Easier than Chair: An Inverse Frequency Effect in Jargon Aphasia
Cortex, 2020Co-Authors: Jane Marshall, Shula Chiat, Tim Pring, Jo RobsonAbstract:This paper presents evidence of an inverse frequency effect in Jargon Aphasia. The subject (JP) showed a pre-disposition for low frequency word production on a range of tasks, including picture naming, sentence completion and naming in categories. Her real word errors were also striking, in that these tended to be lower in frequency than the target. Reading data suggested that the inverse frequency effect was present only when production was semantically mediated. It was therefore hypothesised that the effect was at least partly due to the semantic characteristics of low frequency items. Some support for this was obtained from a comprehension task showing that JP's understanding of low frequency terms, which she often produced as errors, was superior to her understanding of high frequency terms. Possible explanations for these findings are considered.
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phoneme frequency effects in Jargon Aphasia a phonological investigation of nonword errors
Brain and Language, 2003Co-Authors: Jo Robson, Jane Marshall, Tim Pring, Shula ChiatAbstract:Abstract This study investigates the nonwords produced by a Jargon speaker, LT. Despite presenting with severe neologistic Jargon, LT can produce discrete responses in picture naming tasks thus allowing the properties of his Jargon to be investigated. This ability was exploited in two naming tasks. The first showed that LT’s nonword errors are related to their targets despite being generally unrecognisable. This relatedness appears to be a general property of his errors suggesting that they are produced by lexical rather than nonlexical means. The second naming task used a set of stimuli controlled for their phonemic content. This allowed an investigation of target phonology at the level of individual phonemes. Nonword responses maintained the English distribution of consonants and showed a significant relationship to the target phonologies. A strong influence of phoneme frequency was identified. High frequency consonants showed a pattern of frequent but indiscriminate use. Low frequency consonants were realised less often but were largely restricted to target related contexts rarely appearing as error phonology. The findings are explained within a lexical activation network with the proposal that the resting levels of phoneme nodes are frequency sensitive. Predictions for the recovery of Jargon Aphasia and suggestions for future investigations are made.
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written communication using a lightwriter in undifferentiated Jargon Aphasia a single case study
Aphasiology, 2003Co-Authors: Kelly Jacksonwaite, Jo Robson, Tim PringAbstract:Background: The difficulties of language rehabilitation in Jargon Aphasia are well known. The presence of fluent, empty, often neologistic speech makes these clients largely unintelligible, and lack of awareness of their language problems often makes them resistant to therapy. In some clients, writing, although impaired, differs from speech. Neologisms do not occur and output is monitored. Studies have shown that these residual writing skills can respond to therapy, and act as an alternative form of communication. Client: MA has undifferentiated Jargon Aphasia. Her spoken output had not responded to treatment, and therapy had failed to establish a nonverbal mode of communication. Her writing was impaired, and its slow and effortful execution hindered her progress. However, she retained some ability to access written words and was aware of her errors. Aims: Therapy aimed to improve access to written words, and to facilitate writing by using a Lightwriter. Methods & Procedures: Three stages of therapy were ...
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enhancing communication in Jargon Aphasia a small group study of writing therapy
International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders, 2001Co-Authors: Jo Robson, Jane Marshall, Shula Chiat, Tim PringAbstract:People with Jargon Aphasia have severely disordered and incomprehensible speech that may be resistant to therapeutic intervention. In this study, we treated written output and examined whether it assisted communication for these clients. In stage one of the study, anagram sorting, delayed copying and lexical decision tasks were used to investigate the residual knowledge of written words in a group of ten people with Jargon Aphasia. Evidence of the presence of orthographic knowledge was taken as an indication that writing might be a useful focus for therapy. This hypothesis was explored in stage two with six clients. A personally useful vocabulary was selected for each, and copying, word completion and written picture-naming tasks were used in therapy to improve written production of these words. The clients made progress in written naming. However, they showed little change on a 'message' assessment that tested their ability to use the written words to convey messages. Stage three targeted communicative w...
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phonological naming therapy in Jargon Aphasia positive but paradoxical effects
Journal of The International Neuropsychological Society, 1998Co-Authors: Jo Robson, Jane Marshall, Tim Pring, Shula ChiatAbstract:This article is a single-case investigation of phonological naming therapy. The individual involved had fluent Jargon speech, with neologisms, verbal parAphasias, and paragrammatisms. The Jargon was underpinned by a severe anomia. Content words were rarely accessed either in spontaneous speech or naming. Single word investigations highlighted some preserved skills. Auditory comprehension, at least for concrete words, was relatively intact and although nonwords could not be repeated, words could, and at a level which was far superior to naming. The patient also had some ability to respond to phonological cues. These results suggested that phonological representations were preserved and that there were some intact semantic abilities. It seemed that the naming disorder was primarily due to an inability to access phonology from semantics. Therapy took a phonological approach. The patient was encouraged to reflect upon the syllabic structure and first phoneme of pictured targets. Subsequently, she was required to use this partial phonological knowledge as a self-cue. It was hypothesized that this therapy might equip the subject with a self-cuing naming strategy. Posttherapy investigations of naming demonstrated dramatic improvements, which generalized to untreated items. However, there was little evidence that these were due to a self cuing strategy. Performance on phonological judgment and discrimination assessments, which required conscious phonological reflection, was unchanged, and there were no signs that the patient was self-cuing during naming. Reasons for these paradoxical results are discussed. (JINS, 1998, 4, 675‐686.)
Jane Marshall - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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When Ottoman is Easier than Chair: An Inverse Frequency Effect in Jargon Aphasia
Cortex, 2020Co-Authors: Jane Marshall, Shula Chiat, Tim Pring, Jo RobsonAbstract:This paper presents evidence of an inverse frequency effect in Jargon Aphasia. The subject (JP) showed a pre-disposition for low frequency word production on a range of tasks, including picture naming, sentence completion and naming in categories. Her real word errors were also striking, in that these tended to be lower in frequency than the target. Reading data suggested that the inverse frequency effect was present only when production was semantically mediated. It was therefore hypothesised that the effect was at least partly due to the semantic characteristics of low frequency items. Some support for this was obtained from a comprehension task showing that JP's understanding of low frequency terms, which she often produced as errors, was superior to her understanding of high frequency terms. Possible explanations for these findings are considered.
-
mechanisms of change in the evolution of Jargon Aphasia
Aphasiology, 2011Co-Authors: Emma Eaton, Jane Marshall, Tim PringAbstract:Background: The evolution of Jargon Aphasia may reflect recovery in the speech production processes. Alternatively or additionally there may be improved self-monitoring, enabling the person to suppress Jargon errors. Previous case reports offer evidence for both mechanisms of change, and suggest that they can co-occur. Aims: This longitudinal study aimed to uncover mechanisms of change in an individual with Jargon Aphasia. Four predictions of production processing recovery were examined against test data. The study also looked for evidence of improved error awareness, in both test and connected speech data, and explored the relationship between this improvement and the production gains. Methods & Procedures: The participant (TK) undertook tests of single word naming, reading and repetition eight times over a 21-month period, with matched sets of nouns and verbs. Analyses of correct responses and errors were conducted, in order to test predictions of processing recovery. Changes in self-monitoring behaviou...
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like deja vu all over again patterns of perseveration in two people with Jargon Aphasia
Aphasiology, 2010Co-Authors: Emma Eaton, Jane Marshall, Tim PringAbstract:Background: It has been argued that perseveration type corresponds to the level of breakdown, so that total perseveration (repetition of a whole word) involves reactivation of a previous word at the lexical level when the target word is insufficiently activated. A blended perseveration (repetition of part of a previous response) results from a failure of target activation at the phoneme level (e.g., Martin & Dell, 2007). This is challenged by the occurrence of nonword total perseverations, as these cannot be lexical retrievals (Hirsh, 1998). A further problem is the occurrence of long intervals between perseverations and their sources. Some authors have invoked semantic relationships to explain these intervals (e.g., Martin, Roach, Brecher, & Lowery, 1998). Aims: This study examines the perseveration of two individuals with Jargon Aphasia and explores the proposal that while some perseveration may result from reactivation of recent responses as described above, others are built around default phonology, r...
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Jargon Aphasia what have we learned
Aphasiology, 2006Co-Authors: Jane MarshallAbstract:Background: Jargon Aphasia is one of the most puzzling and clinically intractable forms of Aphasia. It challenges us to think not only about the loss of normal language but also about the apparent acquisition of a strange and novel form of production. Aims: This paper aims to review the literature about Jargon Aphasia in order to provide an overview of our current knowledge of the condition. Main Contribution: The paper will cover five themes: nonword production, monitoring in Jargon Aphasia, writing in Jargon Aphasia, semantic Jargon, and syntax in Jargon Aphasia. It attempts to review and appraise some of the key explanations for the phenomena of Jargon. Conclusions: It is acknowledged that many of the questions posed by Jargon Aphasia remain unresolved. Nevertheless, some tentative explanations for the production of Jargon are proposed.
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phoneme frequency effects in Jargon Aphasia a phonological investigation of nonword errors
Brain and Language, 2003Co-Authors: Jo Robson, Jane Marshall, Tim Pring, Shula ChiatAbstract:Abstract This study investigates the nonwords produced by a Jargon speaker, LT. Despite presenting with severe neologistic Jargon, LT can produce discrete responses in picture naming tasks thus allowing the properties of his Jargon to be investigated. This ability was exploited in two naming tasks. The first showed that LT’s nonword errors are related to their targets despite being generally unrecognisable. This relatedness appears to be a general property of his errors suggesting that they are produced by lexical rather than nonlexical means. The second naming task used a set of stimuli controlled for their phonemic content. This allowed an investigation of target phonology at the level of individual phonemes. Nonword responses maintained the English distribution of consonants and showed a significant relationship to the target phonologies. A strong influence of phoneme frequency was identified. High frequency consonants showed a pattern of frequent but indiscriminate use. Low frequency consonants were realised less often but were largely restricted to target related contexts rarely appearing as error phonology. The findings are explained within a lexical activation network with the proposal that the resting levels of phoneme nodes are frequency sensitive. Predictions for the recovery of Jargon Aphasia and suggestions for future investigations are made.
Uma Nath - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a case of evolving post ictal language disturbance secondary to a left temporal arteriovenous malformation Jargon Aphasia or formal thought disorder
Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 2006Co-Authors: Adam Zeman, Alan Carson, Carly Rivers, Uma NathAbstract:Introduction. Wernicke's dysphasia and formal thought disorder are regarded as distinct diagnostic entities although both are linked to pathology in the left superior temporal gyrus (STG). We describe a patient with focal pathology in the left STG, giving rise acutely to a fluent dysphasia, which gradually evolved into formal thought disorder. Method. Clinical, neuropsychological, neuropsychiatric, and neuroradiological assessment. Results. A right‐handed patient, AJ, presented acutely with a fluent dysphasia. His speech output gradually evolved from undifferentiated Jargon, through neologistic Jargon, to an intelligible but bizarre form of discourse. Comprehension was relatively well preserved. Radiology revealed an arteriovenous malformation in the left middle, and inferior temporal gyri, with reduced perfusion of the left STG. Six months later his overt dysphasia had recovered, but his speech retained some of its previous characteristics, in particular a tendency to a loose association of ideas which n...
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A case of evolving post‐ictal language disturbance secondary to a left temporal arteriovenous malformation: Jargon Aphasia or formal thought disorder?
Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 2006Co-Authors: Adam Zeman, Alan Carson, Carly Rivers, Uma NathAbstract:Introduction. Wernicke's dysphasia and formal thought disorder are regarded as distinct diagnostic entities although both are linked to pathology in the left superior temporal gyrus (STG). We describe a patient with focal pathology in the left STG, giving rise acutely to a fluent dysphasia, which gradually evolved into formal thought disorder. Method. Clinical, neuropsychological, neuropsychiatric, and neuroradiological assessment. Results. A right‐handed patient, AJ, presented acutely with a fluent dysphasia. His speech output gradually evolved from undifferentiated Jargon, through neologistic Jargon, to an intelligible but bizarre form of discourse. Comprehension was relatively well preserved. Radiology revealed an arteriovenous malformation in the left middle, and inferior temporal gyri, with reduced perfusion of the left STG. Six months later his overt dysphasia had recovered, but his speech retained some of its previous characteristics, in particular a tendency to a loose association of ideas which n...
