The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Mohammad Jawaid - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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impact properties of Kenaf Fibre x ray films hybrid composites for structural applications
Journal of materials research and technology, 2019Co-Authors: A M R Azmi, Mohammad Jawaid, Ain Umaira Md Shah, M T H Sultan, A F M Nor, Mohd Shukry Abdul Majid, S Muhamad, Abd Rahim Abu TalibAbstract:Abstract Most existing designs of high velocity impact resistant materials are either heavy or expensive, so in markets the demand for lighter and cheaper materials is always on the rise. The aim of this work to investigates the effect of different projectile shape and impact velocities on the energy absorption and compression after impact of Kenaf/X-ray/epoxy hybrid composites. Kenaf Fibre treated with NaOH solution and perforated X-ray films were chosen as a reinforcement in the epoxy matrix to fabricate hybrid composites. The hybrid composites were fabricated using conventional hand lay-up method followed by compression moulding and were subjected to high velocity impact tests using a single stage gas gun. The pressure settings of the gas gun were varied as follows: 20 bar, 30 bar, 40 bar and 50 bar, while the projectiles used were of three types: blunt, hemispherical and conical ones. After the high velocity impact tests, the composites underwent dye penetration inspection and were subjected to compression after impact tests. The obtained results revealed that the hybrid composites subjected to high velocity impact with hemispherical projectile exhibited the highest energy absorption, compared to the conical and blunt geometry. On the other hand, the hybrid composites subjected to hemispherical projectile impact possess the lowest residual strength compared to conical and blunt geometry. The dye penetration test as well as the visual inspection also revealed that the hemispherical projectile produces the biggest damage compared to the other two projectile types. We concluded that developed Kenaf/X-ray/epoxy hybrid composites suitable for ballistic applications.
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vertex angles effects in the energy absorption of axially crushed Kenaf Fibre epoxy reinforced elliptical composite cones
Defence Technology, 2018Co-Authors: Mohamed Alkateb, M R Ishak, S M Sapuan, Z Leman, Mohammad JawaidAbstract:Abstract Experimental quasi-static crushing tests were conducted by using a universal testing machine format Kenaf-epoxy composite elliptical cones. The work focused on the vertex angle's effects on energy absorption capability; the vertex angles vary from 0° to 24° in 6 increments. The failure modes of the Kenaf Fibre epoxy composite elliptical cones were observed utilising delegate photos taken during the quasi-static crushing test. Load-deformation curves and deformation histories of typical specimens are presented and discussed. Moreover, the effects of cone vertex angles on the load carrying capacity and the energy absorption capability are also discussed. The results show that the energy absorption abilities significantly influence the ellipticity vertex angle as the load carrying capacity. We concluded that the quasi-static axial crushing behaviour of elliptical mat laminated composite cones is strongly affected by their structural geometry and the specific energy absorbed by the composite elliptical cones with vertex angles of 6°, 12°, 18°, and 24°, which is more than an elliptical cone with the vertex angle of 0° (the elliptical tube) at any given deformation. However, the specific energy absorption for the elliptical composite cone showed a positive correlation, i.e., the more the angle increased, the more energy was absorbed. In this regard, an elliptical composite cone with a 24° angle exhibited the best energy absorption capability.
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physical and flammability properties of Kenaf and pineapple leaf Fibre hybrid composites
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2018Co-Authors: Mohammad Asim, Md Tahir Paridah, Mohammad Jawaid, M Nasir, N SabaAbstract:Pineapple leaf Fibre (PALF) was hybridized with Kenaf Fibre in order to achieve superior physical and flammability performance. The mixing effects of Kenaf Fibre and pineapple leaf Fibre in phenolic composites are evaluated at various Fibre ratios and investigated various physical properties such as density, void content water absorption, thickness swelling and flammability. Pure Kenaf Fibre composite showed lowest void content, water absorption and thickness swelling while pineapple leaf Fibre revealed the opposite trend. After adding pineapple leaf Fibre in Kenaf composites, it absorbed more moisture and developed more void contents. Density of PALF composite was lower and Kenaf Fibre composite was highest but PALF/Kenaf hybrid composite increased density with higher PALF. The flammability of hybrid composites were analysed by using UL-94 test method. Vertical and horizontal UL-94 test conducted to analyse fire resistance of composites from different angles. Phenolic resin is itself a fire resistant polymer and the percentage of polymer in all samples are fixed though ratios of both Fibres pineapple leaf Fibre and Kenaf were change to analyse fire resistant of Fibres and compatibility with polymers. The 70 % pineapple leaf Fibre and 30 % Kenaf Fibre hybrid composites were very affective to improve the flammability of PALF/KF hybrid composites.
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the effect of silane treated Fibre loading on mechanical properties of pineapple leaf Kenaf Fibre filler phenolic composites
Journal of Polymers and The Environment, 2018Co-Authors: Mohammad Asim, Mohammad Jawaid, Khalina Abdan, M R IshakAbstract:The aim of the present study is to investigate mechanical and morphological properties of pineapple leaf Fibres (PALF) reinforced phenolic composites and its comparison with Kenaf Fibre (KF)/phenolic composites. Mechanical properties (tensile, flexural and impact) of untreated and treated PALF phenolic composites at different Fibre loading were investigated. Tensile, flexural and impact properties of PALF and Kenaf/phenolic composites were analyzed as per ASTM standard. Morphological analysis of tensile fracture samples of composites was carried out by scanning electron microscopy. Obtained results indicated that treated PALF/phenolic composites at 50% PALF loading exhibited better tensile, flexural and impact properties as compared to other untreated PALF/phenolic composites. Treated Kenaf/phenolic composites at 50% Fibre loading showed better tensile, flexural and impact properties than untreated Kenaf/phenolic composite. It is concluded that treated 50% Fibre loading Kenaf and PALF/phenolic composites showed better mechanical properties than untreated Kenaf and PALF/phenolic composites due to good Fibre/matrix interfacial bonding. Results obtained in this study will be used for the further study on hybridization of PALF and KF based phenolic composites.
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energy absorption capacities of Kenaf Fibre reinforced epoxy composite elliptical cones with circumferential holes
Fibers and Polymers, 2017Co-Authors: Mohamed Alkateb, Mohammad Jawaid, S M Sapuan, Z Leman, M R IshakAbstract:In the present study, the influence of circumferential holes on the energy absorption capacity and load carrying ability of Kenaf Fibre-reinforced composite elliptic tubes was experimentally investigated. A series of experiments were performed for composite elliptical tubes with different circumferential perforations (0, 4, 6 and 8 holes). This range is suitable for obtaining the adjusted distance. Kenaf Fibre matte foam was used in this study due to several advantages, such as low cost, low health risk, light weight, and availability. The Kenaf was 4 mm thick with a density of 0.17 g/cm3. To investigate the influence of circumferential holes on the energy absorption capability, a pseudo static axial crash test was independently performed on these samples. The results showed that the structure failed in progressive failure mode and showed crushing failure with longitudinal cracks. The test results revealed that the specific energy assimilated by the compound elliptical tube with 8 circumferential holes showed the highest mean crushing stress value compared with other compound elliptical tubes.
S M Sapuan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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physical and damping properties of Kenaf Fibre filled natural rubber thermoplastic polyurethane composites
Defence Technology, 2020Co-Authors: M R Ishak, S M Sapuan, A Noor M Azammi, Mohamed Thariq Hameed SultanAbstract:Abstract The paper presents the investigation of the effect of alkaline treatment of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) on physical and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) viscoelastic properties of Kenaf Fibre filled natural rubber (NR)/thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) composites. The treated Kenaf fiber, NR and TPU were weighed and proportioned according to the required compositions and were blended using hot mixed Brabender machine. The polymer composites were then fabricated using the hot press to form a sample board. The sample was cut and prepared and water absorption, density, thickness swelling and DMA tests were performed. As far as physical properties are concerned, composites with the highest NR amount of shows the best results, which indicates good fiber bonding adhesion. The polymer composites with the highest amount of TPU shows the highest damping properties at high temperature.
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vertex angles effects in the energy absorption of axially crushed Kenaf Fibre epoxy reinforced elliptical composite cones
Defence Technology, 2018Co-Authors: Mohamed Alkateb, M R Ishak, S M Sapuan, Z Leman, Mohammad JawaidAbstract:Abstract Experimental quasi-static crushing tests were conducted by using a universal testing machine format Kenaf-epoxy composite elliptical cones. The work focused on the vertex angle's effects on energy absorption capability; the vertex angles vary from 0° to 24° in 6 increments. The failure modes of the Kenaf Fibre epoxy composite elliptical cones were observed utilising delegate photos taken during the quasi-static crushing test. Load-deformation curves and deformation histories of typical specimens are presented and discussed. Moreover, the effects of cone vertex angles on the load carrying capacity and the energy absorption capability are also discussed. The results show that the energy absorption abilities significantly influence the ellipticity vertex angle as the load carrying capacity. We concluded that the quasi-static axial crushing behaviour of elliptical mat laminated composite cones is strongly affected by their structural geometry and the specific energy absorbed by the composite elliptical cones with vertex angles of 6°, 12°, 18°, and 24°, which is more than an elliptical cone with the vertex angle of 0° (the elliptical tube) at any given deformation. However, the specific energy absorption for the elliptical composite cone showed a positive correlation, i.e., the more the angle increased, the more energy was absorbed. In this regard, an elliptical composite cone with a 24° angle exhibited the best energy absorption capability.
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design and fabrication of Kenaf Fibre reinforced polymer composites for portable laptop table
2018Co-Authors: S M Sapuan, K R Purushothman, M L Sanyang, Muhd Ridzuan MansorAbstract:Natural Fibre is an emerging material that can help to reduce the dependency on non-renewable resources and sustains the ecological balance. This research focuses on the design and fabrication of a laptop table using Kenaf Fibre reinforced polymer composite. A composite portable laptop table was developed using standard design method and the manufacturing method used was hand lay-up. Market investigation, product design specification, conceptual design, detail design followed by fabrication were performed accordingly throughout this project. Stress distribution and deformation of the end product was tested using simulation software. This research has enabled to produce a strong, stable and aesthetic furniture which is made from composite material.
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energy absorption capacities of Kenaf Fibre reinforced epoxy composite elliptical cones with circumferential holes
Fibers and Polymers, 2017Co-Authors: Mohamed Alkateb, Mohammad Jawaid, S M Sapuan, Z Leman, M R IshakAbstract:In the present study, the influence of circumferential holes on the energy absorption capacity and load carrying ability of Kenaf Fibre-reinforced composite elliptic tubes was experimentally investigated. A series of experiments were performed for composite elliptical tubes with different circumferential perforations (0, 4, 6 and 8 holes). This range is suitable for obtaining the adjusted distance. Kenaf Fibre matte foam was used in this study due to several advantages, such as low cost, low health risk, light weight, and availability. The Kenaf was 4 mm thick with a density of 0.17 g/cm3. To investigate the influence of circumferential holes on the energy absorption capability, a pseudo static axial crash test was independently performed on these samples. The results showed that the structure failed in progressive failure mode and showed crushing failure with longitudinal cracks. The test results revealed that the specific energy assimilated by the compound elliptical tube with 8 circumferential holes showed the highest mean crushing stress value compared with other compound elliptical tubes.
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melt volume flow rate and melt flow rate of Kenaf Fibre reinforced floreon magnesium hydroxide biocomposites
SpringerPlus, 2016Co-Authors: S M Sapuan, Ching Hao Lee, J H Lee, Mohd Roshdi HassanAbstract:A study of the melt volume flow rate (MVR) and the melt flow rate (MFR) of Kenaf Fibre (KF) reinforced Floreon (FLO) and magnesium hydroxide (MH) biocomposites under different temperatures (160–180 °C) and weight loadings (2.16, 5, 10 kg) is presented in this paper. FLO has the lowest values of MFR and MVR. The increment of the melt flow properties (MVR and MFR) has been found for KF or MH insertion due to the hydrolytic degradation of the polylactic acid in FLO. Deterioration of the entanglement density at high temperature, shear thinning and wall slip velocity were the possible causes for the higher melt flow properties. Increasing the KF loadings caused the higher melt flow properties while the higher MH contents created stronger bonding for higher macromolecular chain flow resistance, hence lower melt flow properties were recorded. However, the complicated melt flow behaviour of the KF reinforced FLO/MH biocomposites was found in this study. The high probability of KF–KF and KF–MH collisions was expected and there were more collisions for higher Fibre and filler loading causing lower melt flow properties.
R Paskaramoorthy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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fatigue and impact strengths of Kenaf Fibre reinforced polypropylene composites effects of Fibre treatments
Advanced Composite Materials, 2021Co-Authors: O M L Asumani, R PaskaramoorthyAbstract:The effects of two Fibre treatments (alkali-alone treatment and combined alkali-silane treatment) on the fatigue and impact strengths of Kenaf Fibre reinforced polypropylene composites are investig...
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the effects of alkali silane treatment on the tensile and flexural properties of short Fibre non woven Kenaf reinforced polypropylene composites
Composites Part A-applied Science and Manufacturing, 2012Co-Authors: O M L Asumani, R G Reid, R PaskaramoorthyAbstract:Abstract Kenaf Fibre reinforced polypropylene composites were manufactured by compression moulding. The Kenaf Fibre was considered in three forms; untreated, treated with sodium hydroxide solution and treated with sodium hydroxide solution followed by three-aminopropyltriethoxysilane. The effects of these chemical treatments on the tensile and flexural properties of the composites were investigated. Mechanical test results show that alkali treatment followed by three-aminopropyltriethoxysilane treatment (alkali–silane treatment) significantly improves the tensile and flexural properties of short Fibre non-woven Kenaf polypropylene composites. In particular, the specific tensile and flexural strengths of alkali–silane treated Kenaf composites with 30% Fibre mass fraction are, respectively, only 4% and 11% lower than those of composites made using glass Fibre. Scanning electron microscopy examination shows that the improvements in the tensile and flexural properties resulting from alkali–silane treatment can be attributed to better bonding between the Fibres and matrix.
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effects of processing conditions on the mechanical and water absorption properties of resin transfer moulded Kenaf Fibre reinforced polyester composite laminates
Composites Part A-applied Science and Manufacturing, 2010Co-Authors: S Rassmann, R G Reid, R PaskaramoorthyAbstract:This paper focuses on the mechanical and water absorption properties of Kenaf Fibre reinforced polyester laminates manufactured by resin transfer moulding. Varying processing conditions were considered as alternatives to Fibre treatments, thereby potentially avoiding additional cost and complexity in the manufacturing process. Laminates were produced by altering Fibre moisture content, mould temperature and mould pressure following injection. Tensile, flexural, impact and water absorption tests were conducted. Processing conditions were found to have little effect on properties except for pressurisation which increased tensile and flexural strength and decreased water absorption at low Fibre volume fractions. Examinations using a scanning electron microscope showed that all the laminates failed by Fibre pull-out.
M Iqbal - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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development of Kenaf glass reinforced unsaturated polyester hybrid composite for structural applications
Composites Part B-engineering, 2014Co-Authors: A Atiqah, Md Abdul Maleque, Mohammad Jawaid, M IqbalAbstract:Abstract The main aim of this paper is to develop Kenaf-glass (KG) Fibres reinforced unsaturated polyester hybrid composite on a source of green composite using sheet moulding compound process. Unsaturated polyester resin (UPE) and KG Fibres in mat form were used at a ratio of 70:30 (by volume) with treated and untreated Kenaf Fibre. The Kenaf Fibre was treated with 6% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) diluted solution for 3 h using mercerization method. The hybrid composites were tested for flexural, tensile and Izod impact strength using ASTM D790-03, ASTM D618 and ASTM D256-04 standards respectively. The highest flexural, tensile and impact strength were obtained from treated Kenaf with 15/15 v/v KG Fibres reinforced UPE hybrid composite in this investigation. Scanning electron microscopy fractography showed Fibre cracking, debonding and Fibre pulled-out as the main fracture mode of composites and Kenaf treated 15/15 v/v KG reinforced hybrid composite exhibited better interfacial bonding between the matrix and reinforcement compared to other combinations.
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development of Kenaf glass reinforced unsaturated polyester hybrid composite for structural applications
Composites Part B-engineering, 2014Co-Authors: A Atiqah, Md Abdul Maleque, Mohammad Jawaid, M IqbalAbstract:Abstract The main aim of this paper is to develop Kenaf-glass (KG) Fibres reinforced unsaturated polyester hybrid composite on a source of green composite using sheet moulding compound process. Unsaturated polyester resin (UPE) and KG Fibres in mat form were used at a ratio of 70:30 (by volume) with treated and untreated Kenaf Fibre. The Kenaf Fibre was treated with 6% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) diluted solution for 3 h using mercerization method. The hybrid composites were tested for flexural, tensile and Izod impact strength using ASTM D790-03, ASTM D618 and ASTM D256-04 standards respectively. The highest flexural, tensile and impact strength were obtained from treated Kenaf with 15/15 v/v KG Fibres reinforced UPE hybrid composite in this investigation. Scanning electron microscopy fractography showed Fibre cracking, debonding and Fibre pulled-out as the main fracture mode of composites and Kenaf treated 15/15 v/v KG reinforced hybrid composite exhibited better interfacial bonding between the matrix and reinforcement compared to other combinations.
Z Mohd A Ishak - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of Fibre surface treatment on interfacial and mechanical properties of non woven Kenaf Fibre reinforced acrylic based polyester composites
Polymer Composites, 2019Co-Authors: M S Salim, Dody Ariawan, Mat R Taib, M Ahmad Z Thirmizir, M Ahmad F Rasyid, Z Mohd A IshakAbstract:The interfacial and mechanical properties of nonwoven Kenaf Fibre (KF) reinforced acrylic based polyester composites fabricated by resin impregnation process were studied. Different types of treatments were applied to KF, i.e. alkali treatment with NaOH at concentration of 6% (at room and elevated temperature of 60°C) and heat treatment at 140°C for 10h. FT-IR spectral data showed the chemical changes in KF that induced the modification of physical and interfacial characteristics of KF. Alkali treated KF was found to have smaller diameter but higher density. Significant increase in the crystallinity index of treated KF contributed to the improved Fibre strength. AFM analysis revealed the exposure of cellulose micro-fibril network and the increase in the area peak density value of treated KF. Surface energy of KF and surface tension of acrylic resin were obtained through Owens–Wendt–Rabel–Kaelble (OWRK) equation and Du Nouy ring approach, respectively, for the interfacial properties determination. The improved wettability of alkali treated KF was confirmed as higher surface energy of the Fibre was recorded exceeding the surface tension of acrylic resin, thereby imparting better flexural properties and dynamic mechanical behavior, but conversely deteriorating the fracture toughness of the reinforced composites. POLYM. COMPOS., 2017. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers
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interfacial characterisation and mechanical properties of heat treated non woven Kenaf Fibre and its reinforced composites
Composite Interfaces, 2018Co-Authors: Dody Ariawan, M S Salim, Mat R Taib, M Ahmad Z Thirmizir, Z Mohd A IshakAbstract:AbstractThis paper reports on the comprehensive characterisation of heat treated Kenaf Fibre (KF) and its composites. The Kenaf Fibres were modified by heating for 2.5–12.5 h inside a drying oven. Heat treatment produces an increase in the crystallinity index and Fibre strength of KF. The highest value of KF strength was recorded by applying heat treatment of 10 h on KF. The heat treatment results in the partial removal of impurities/extractives on the KF surface which is detected by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Atomic force microscopy results signify the decrease of roughness, the increase in peak area density and the increase of the adhesion force on the surface area of heat treated KF. The effect of the heat treatment in enhancing the interface bonding characteristics between the KF and unsaturated polyester matrix can be reflected by the interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) and dynamic mechanical analysis value of the composites. The flexural properties of the compo...
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mechanical properties and micromechanical analysis of nonwoven Kenaf Fibre epoxy composites produced by resin transfer moulding
Journal of Composite Materials, 2017Co-Authors: N G Andre, Dody Ariawan, Z Mohd A IshakAbstract:In this paper, the mechanical performance of resin transfer moulded nonwoven Kenaf Fibre/epoxy composites in the Fibre volume fraction (Vf) range of 0–0.42 was investigated. The effect of the needle-punching direction on the tensile properties of the composites was also investigated. The highest tensile, flexural and fracture properties were attained at a Vf of 0.42. The nonwoven Kenaf Fibre/epoxy composites were proven to exhibit tensile isotropy. The typical load versus displacement graph and scanning electron microscopy micrographs of the epoxy and nonwoven Kenaf Fibre/epoxy composites revealed that the energy absorbing events caused by the Fibres led to improvements in the fracture toughness. Meanwhile, the micromechanical parameters of the composites were determined by a micromechanics analysis using the Cox–Krenchel model. The analysis proved the applicability of the model for nonwoven Kenaf Fibre/epoxy composites as the calculated efficiency factors were comparable to the values from previous liter...
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development of green pultruded composites using Kenaf Fibre influence of linear mass density on weathering performance
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2016Co-Authors: Mohd Hafiz Zamri, Hazizan Md Akil, M R Osman, M H A Shahidan, Z Mohd A IshakAbstract:Abstract The use of glass Fibre in the production of Fibre reinforced polymer composites industries is no longer acceptable as far as environmental pollution is concern. Therefore, the introduction of Kenaf Fibre as reinforcement materials in the production of composites is expected to lessen the use of current synthetic materials especially glass Fibre. This research reported the performance of pultruded Kenaf Fibre reinforced composites after exposed to natural weathering condition up to 200 days. Three different linear mass density (Tex) of Kenaf yarn Fibre i.e. 1400, 2200 and 3300 g/km were used as reinforcement material in producing the pultruded composite samples. Moisture content of each composites was recorded over exposure time and the changes of mechanical properties i.e. flexural and compression properties were also recorded. It was found that sample made of 3300 linear mass density recorded higher moisture absorption as compared to sample with 1400 linear mass density. The flexural and compression properties consistently decreased throughout the exposure period as the absorption of moisture into the composites had weakened the interfacial bonding between the Kenaf Fibre and the matrix resin. The research outcomes show that for a given yarn architecture, lower linear mass density of Fibre gives better moisture resistance and retain greater mechanical properties over the period of exposure. This study suggests that linear mass density is an important factor to be considered when pultrusion process in concern.
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elastic anisotropy of Kenaf Fibre and micromechanical modeling of nonwoven Kenaf Fibre epoxy composites
Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 2016Co-Authors: N G Andre, Dody Ariawan, Z Mohd A IshakAbstract:In this work, nonwoven Kenaf Fibre/epoxy composites were produced by using resin transfer moulding. The effect of Kenaf Fibre volume fraction on the composites’ tensile properties and Poisson’s ratio was investigated. Experimental results show that highest tensile properties and Poisson’s ratio were attained at volume fraction = 0.42. A simple method has been developed to predict the Fibre transverse modulus and has allowed the characterisation of Kenaf Fibre’s elastic anisotropy. The performance of the Tsai–Pagano model in predicting the composites’ tensile modulus and Poisson’s ratio was compared with the Manera and Cox-Krenchel model. Results showed that the consideration of Fibre’s elastic anisotropy in the Tsai–Pagano model yielded a good prediction of both composites’ modulus and Poisson’s ratio. Meanwhile, the Bowyer–Bader model produced a better tensile strength prediction owing to the inclusion of Fibre length and orientation factors in the model.
