The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Frank T Burbrink - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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exploring chihuahuan desert diversification in the gray banded Kingsnake lampropeltis alterna serpentes colubridae
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 2019Co-Authors: Edward A. Myers, Robert W. Bryson, Robert W Hansen, Matthew L Aardema, David Lazcano, Frank T BurbrinkAbstract:Abstract Within many biomes, the cause of phylogeographic structure remains unknown even across regions throughout North America, including within the biodiverse Chihuahuan Desert. For example, little is known about population structure or the timing of diversification of Chihuahuan endemics. This is due largely to the lack of population genomic studies within this region. We generated ultra-conserved element data for the gray-banded Kingsnake (Lampropeltis alterna) to investigate lineage divergence and historical demography across the Chihuahuan Desert. We found three unique lineages corresponding to the Trans-Pecos and Mapimian biogeographic regions of the Chihuahuan Desert, and a distinct population in the Sierra Madre Occidental. Using several mutation rates to calibrate the timing of divergence among these lineages, we show that lineage divergence likely occurred during the Pleistocene, which indicates that careful consideration needs to be used when applying mutation rates to ultra-conserved elements. We suggest that biogeographic provinces within the Chihuahuan Desert may have served as allopatric refugia during climatic fluctuations of the Quaternary. This work serves as an important template for further testing biogeographic hypotheses within the region.
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The Biogeography of Deep Time Phylogenetic Reticulation.
Systematic biology, 2018Co-Authors: Frank T Burbrink, Marcelo GeharaAbstract:Most phylogenies are typically represented as purely bifurcating. However, as genomic data have become more common in phylogenetic studies, it is not unusual to find reticulation among terminal lineages or among internal nodes (deep time reticulation; DTR). In these situations, gene flow must have happened in the same or adjacent geographic areas for these DTRs to have occurred and therefore biogeographic reconstruction should provide similar area estimates for parental nodes, provided extinction or dispersal has not eroded these patterns. We examine the phylogeny of the widely distributed New World Kingsnakes (Lampropeltis), determine if DTR is present in this group, and estimate the ancestral area for reticulation. Importantly, we develop a new method that uses coalescent simulations in a machine learning framework to show conclusively that this phylogeny is best represented as reticulating at deeper time. Using joint probabilities of ancestral area reconstructions on the bifurcating parental lineages from the reticulating node, we show that this reticulation likely occurred in northwestern Mexico/southwestern US, and subsequently, led to the diversification of the Mexican Kingsnakes. This region has been previously identified as an area important for understanding speciation and secondary contact with gene flow in snakes and other squamates. This research shows that phylogenetic reticulation is common, even in well-studied groups, and that the geographic scope of ancient hybridization is recoverable.
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Ecological divergence in the yellow-bellied Kingsnake (Lampropeltis calligaster) at two North American biodiversity hotspots.
Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 2016Co-Authors: Alexander D. Mckelvy, Frank T BurbrinkAbstract:Several biogeographic barriers in the Eastern Nearctic appear to reduce gene flow among populations of many species in predictable ways, however these patterns used to infer process of divergence may be deceiving if alternative modes of diversification are not considered. By using a multilocus statistical phylogeographic approach to examine diversity within a North American snake, Lampropeltis calligaster, we find that mode and timing of speciation near the Mississippi River embayment and peninsular Florida, two main biodiversity hotspots in eastern North America, challenge previously held notions of strict vicariance as the causal factor behind patterns of divergence seen among taxa at these locations. We found three species inhabiting distinct ecological niches with divergences dating to the mid- and early-Pleistocene with subsequently stable or increasing effective population sizes, further supporting the idea that the Pleistocene was an important driver of diversification in North America. Our results lead to a revised hypothesis that ecological divergence has occurred in this group across environments associated with the Mississippi River and at the Florida peninsula. Importantly, in their western distributions, we show that species divergence is associated with the ecological transition from distinct forested habitats to grasslands, rather than the nearby Mississippi River, a barrier often implicated for many other organisms. Additionally, we stress the importance of examining each delimited lineage with respect to conservation, since ecological niche models suggest that by the end of the century changes in climate may negatively alter habitat suitability and, barring adaptation, substantially reduce the suitable range of two of the three species we identified.
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Information for Kingsnake specimens
2016Co-Authors: Robert Alexander Pyron, Frank T BurbrinkAbstract:Clade designations, museum voucher numbers, GenBank accession numbers, general localities, and latitude/longitude data for Kingsnake specimens in the molecular datase
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ND4 nexus file
2016Co-Authors: Edward A. Myers, Richard E Staub, Dale F Denardo, Javier A. Rodríguez-robles, Alyssa Stropoli, Sara Ruane, Frank T BurbrinkAbstract:Aligned ND4 locus originally from Rodríguez-Robles JA, DeNardo DF, Staub RE (1999) Phylogeography of the California mountain Kingsnake, Lampropeltis zonata (Colubridae). Molecular Ecology 8, 1923-1934
Maria E De Bellard - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Emergence and migration of trunk neural crest cells in a snake, the California Kingsnake (Lampropeltis getula californiae)
BMC Developmental Biology, 2010Co-Authors: Michelle Reyes, Katrina Zandberg, Iska Desmawati, Maria E De BellardAbstract:Background The neural crest is a group of multipotent cells that emerges after an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition from the dorsal neural tube early during development. These cells then migrate throughout the embryo, giving rise to a wide variety derivatives including the peripheral nervous system, craniofacial skeleton, pigment cells, and endocrine organs. While much is known about neural crest cells in mammals, birds, amphibians and fish, relatively little is known about their development in non-avian reptiles like snakes and lizards. Results In this study, we show for the first time ever trunk neural crest migration in a snake by labeling it with DiI and immunofluorescence. As in birds and mammals, we find that early migrating trunk neural crest cells use both a ventromedial pathway and an inter-somitic pathway in the snake. However, unlike birds and mammals, we also observed large numbers of late migrating neural crest cells utilizing the inter-somitic pathway in snake. Conclusions We found that while trunk neural crest migration in snakes is very similar to that of other amniotes, the inter-somitic pathway is used more extensively by late-migrating trunk neural crest cells in snake.
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Emergence and migration of trunk neural crest cells in a snake, the California Kingsnake (Lampropeltis getula californiae)
BMC developmental biology, 2010Co-Authors: Michelle Reyes, Katrina Zandberg, Iska Desmawati, Maria E De BellardAbstract:The neural crest is a group of multipotent cells that emerges after an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition from the dorsal neural tube early during development. These cells then migrate throughout the embryo, giving rise to a wide variety derivatives including the peripheral nervous system, craniofacial skeleton, pigment cells, and endocrine organs. While much is known about neural crest cells in mammals, birds, amphibians and fish, relatively little is known about their development in non-avian reptiles like snakes and lizards. In this study, we show for the first time ever trunk neural crest migration in a snake by labeling it with DiI and immunofluorescence. As in birds and mammals, we find that early migrating trunk neural crest cells use both a ventromedial pathway and an inter-somitic pathway in the snake. However, unlike birds and mammals, we also observed large numbers of late migrating neural crest cells utilizing the inter-somitic pathway in snake. We found that while trunk neural crest migration in snakes is very similar to that of other amniotes, the inter-somitic pathway is used more extensively by late-migrating trunk neural crest cells in snake.
William H. N. Gutzke - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Field Observations Confirm Laboratory Reports of Defense Responses by Prey Snakes to the Odors of Predatory Snakes
Chemical Signals in Vertebrates 9, 2001Co-Authors: William H. N. GutzkeAbstract:Organisms rely on their senses to obtain information about the biotic and abiotic environment. Snakes are dependent upon their chemical and visual senses in obtaining information about their surroundings (Halpern and Frumin, 1979). The structure largely responsible for gathering much of this information in snakes is the vomeronasal organ, which detects environmental chemicals. Many studies have demonstrated the role of this organ in prey detection/prey trailing for all the major snake groups, however, studies examining the prey’s ability to detect and respond to a potential predator have been confined to a few laboratory experiments and isolated field observations. I report here preliminary experiments on responses of prey snakes, cottonmouth moccasins, to odors of one of their predators, Kingsnakes.
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The role of the vomeronasal organ of crotalines (Reptilia: Serpentes: Viperidae) in predator detection
Animal behaviour, 1999Co-Authors: Lynda R. Miller, William H. N. GutzkeAbstract:Most reptiles and mammals, with the exceptions of crocodilians, aquatic mammals and some primates, have a functional vomeronasal organ that detects and perceives semi-volatile chemicals in the environment. This organ is used in detection of prey and is also important for recognition of conspecifics and potential predators. We tested eight species of North American pit vipers for behavioural responses to an ophiophagous (snake-eating) predator, the common Kingsnake, Lampropeltis getula. Kingsnakes have a substance in their skin that is recognized by crotalines, which react with a series of defensive responses including, but not limited to, avoidance, fleeing, body bridging and head hiding. The vomeronasal duct of the pit vipers was sutured closed to determine the role of this organ in detection of Kingsnakes. Pit vipers with intact and sutured vomeronasal ducts were tested in a neutral cage with a Kingsnake and monitored for behavioural responses. Results demonstrated that the vomeronasal organ is important in the recognition of Kingsnakes by pit vipers and raises doubts that any other sense plays a major role in this behaviour. © 1999 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour
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on The role of the vomeronasal organ of crotalines
1995Co-Authors: Lynda R. Miller, William H. N. GutzkeAbstract:Most reptiles and mammals, with the exceptions of crocodilians, aquatic mammals and some primates, have a functional vomeronasal organ that detects and perceives semi-volatile chemicals in the environment. This organ is used in detection of prey and is also important for recognition of conspecifics and potential predators. We tested eight species of North American pit vipers for behavioural responses to an ophiophagous (snake-eating) predator, the common Kingsnake, Lampropeltis getula. Kingsnakes have a substance in their skin that is recognized by crotalines, which react with a series of defensive responses including, but not limited to, avoidance, fleeing, body bridging and head hiding. The vomeronasal duct of the pit vipers was sutured closed to determine the role of this organ in detection of Kingsnakes. Pit vipers with intact and sutured vomeronasal ducts were tested in a neutral cage with a Kingsnake and monitored for behavioural responses. Results demonstrated that the vomeronasal organ is important in the recognition of Kingsnakes by pit vipers and raises doubts that any other sense plays a major role in this behaviour. © 1999 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour When disturbed, venomous pit vipers (Reptilia: Serpentes: Crotalinae) usually give a threat posture consistin
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Chemical Recognition of Kingsnakes by Crotalines: Effects of Size on the Ophiophage Defensive Response
Brain behavior and evolution, 1993Co-Authors: William H. N. Gutzke, Carri Tucker, Robert T. MasonAbstract:When confronted by an ophiophagous (snake-eating) Kingsnake, venomous snakes of the subfamily Crotalinae exhibit a suite of defensive responses including head hiding, thrashing, and an unusual response termed 'body bridging'. Other responses observed, such as biting and 'freezing', are more general in nature and can occur in a variety of contexts. Various crotalines of differing sizes were tested for their responses to Kingsnakes (Lampropeltis getulus). Responses of individuals were recorded for up to 18 months. The results indicate that, if habituation can be overcome by periodically allowing a Kingsnake to confront but not harm the crotaline, the response is dependent on the size of the crotaline, in that smaller specimens ( 1.0 m) tend not to respond. The size of the Kingsnake apparently does not have an effect on the crotaline response. These data appear to resolve apparent conflicts in the literature regarding whether certain species respond to ophidian ophiophages. In addition, hexane extracts of Kingsnake skin were fractionated using an alumina column. The various fractions obtained were tested to determine which elicited the defensive response. Activity was found only in the most non-polar fraction. Preliminary analysis by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry indicated that this fraction contained straight and branched, saturated and polyunsaturated long-chain hydrocarbons.
Michelle Reyes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Emergence and migration of trunk neural crest cells in a snake, the California Kingsnake (Lampropeltis getula californiae)
BMC Developmental Biology, 2010Co-Authors: Michelle Reyes, Katrina Zandberg, Iska Desmawati, Maria E De BellardAbstract:Background The neural crest is a group of multipotent cells that emerges after an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition from the dorsal neural tube early during development. These cells then migrate throughout the embryo, giving rise to a wide variety derivatives including the peripheral nervous system, craniofacial skeleton, pigment cells, and endocrine organs. While much is known about neural crest cells in mammals, birds, amphibians and fish, relatively little is known about their development in non-avian reptiles like snakes and lizards. Results In this study, we show for the first time ever trunk neural crest migration in a snake by labeling it with DiI and immunofluorescence. As in birds and mammals, we find that early migrating trunk neural crest cells use both a ventromedial pathway and an inter-somitic pathway in the snake. However, unlike birds and mammals, we also observed large numbers of late migrating neural crest cells utilizing the inter-somitic pathway in snake. Conclusions We found that while trunk neural crest migration in snakes is very similar to that of other amniotes, the inter-somitic pathway is used more extensively by late-migrating trunk neural crest cells in snake.
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Emergence and migration of trunk neural crest cells in a snake, the California Kingsnake (Lampropeltis getula californiae)
BMC developmental biology, 2010Co-Authors: Michelle Reyes, Katrina Zandberg, Iska Desmawati, Maria E De BellardAbstract:The neural crest is a group of multipotent cells that emerges after an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition from the dorsal neural tube early during development. These cells then migrate throughout the embryo, giving rise to a wide variety derivatives including the peripheral nervous system, craniofacial skeleton, pigment cells, and endocrine organs. While much is known about neural crest cells in mammals, birds, amphibians and fish, relatively little is known about their development in non-avian reptiles like snakes and lizards. In this study, we show for the first time ever trunk neural crest migration in a snake by labeling it with DiI and immunofluorescence. As in birds and mammals, we find that early migrating trunk neural crest cells use both a ventromedial pathway and an inter-somitic pathway in the snake. However, unlike birds and mammals, we also observed large numbers of late migrating neural crest cells utilizing the inter-somitic pathway in snake. We found that while trunk neural crest migration in snakes is very similar to that of other amniotes, the inter-somitic pathway is used more extensively by late-migrating trunk neural crest cells in snake.
Iska Desmawati - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Emergence and migration of trunk neural crest cells in a snake, the California Kingsnake (Lampropeltis getula californiae)
BMC Developmental Biology, 2010Co-Authors: Michelle Reyes, Katrina Zandberg, Iska Desmawati, Maria E De BellardAbstract:Background The neural crest is a group of multipotent cells that emerges after an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition from the dorsal neural tube early during development. These cells then migrate throughout the embryo, giving rise to a wide variety derivatives including the peripheral nervous system, craniofacial skeleton, pigment cells, and endocrine organs. While much is known about neural crest cells in mammals, birds, amphibians and fish, relatively little is known about their development in non-avian reptiles like snakes and lizards. Results In this study, we show for the first time ever trunk neural crest migration in a snake by labeling it with DiI and immunofluorescence. As in birds and mammals, we find that early migrating trunk neural crest cells use both a ventromedial pathway and an inter-somitic pathway in the snake. However, unlike birds and mammals, we also observed large numbers of late migrating neural crest cells utilizing the inter-somitic pathway in snake. Conclusions We found that while trunk neural crest migration in snakes is very similar to that of other amniotes, the inter-somitic pathway is used more extensively by late-migrating trunk neural crest cells in snake.
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Emergence and migration of trunk neural crest cells in a snake, the California Kingsnake (Lampropeltis getula californiae)
BMC developmental biology, 2010Co-Authors: Michelle Reyes, Katrina Zandberg, Iska Desmawati, Maria E De BellardAbstract:The neural crest is a group of multipotent cells that emerges after an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition from the dorsal neural tube early during development. These cells then migrate throughout the embryo, giving rise to a wide variety derivatives including the peripheral nervous system, craniofacial skeleton, pigment cells, and endocrine organs. While much is known about neural crest cells in mammals, birds, amphibians and fish, relatively little is known about their development in non-avian reptiles like snakes and lizards. In this study, we show for the first time ever trunk neural crest migration in a snake by labeling it with DiI and immunofluorescence. As in birds and mammals, we find that early migrating trunk neural crest cells use both a ventromedial pathway and an inter-somitic pathway in the snake. However, unlike birds and mammals, we also observed large numbers of late migrating neural crest cells utilizing the inter-somitic pathway in snake. We found that while trunk neural crest migration in snakes is very similar to that of other amniotes, the inter-somitic pathway is used more extensively by late-migrating trunk neural crest cells in snake.
