The Experts below are selected from a list of 65706 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Ajay Agrawal - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
how do spatial and social proximity influence Knowledge Flows evidence from patent data
Journal of Urban Economics, 2008Co-Authors: Ajay Agrawal, Devesh Kapur, John MchaleAbstract:We examine how the spatial and social proximity of inventors affects access to Knowledge, focusing especially on how the two forms of proximity interact. Employing patent citation data and using same-MSA and co-ethnicity as proxies for spatial and social proximity, respectively, we estimate a Knowledge flow production function. Our results suggest that although spatial and social proximity both increase the probability of Knowledge Flows between individuals, the marginal benefit of geographic proximity is greater for inventors who are not socially close. We also report that the marginal benefit of being members of the same technical community of practice is greater in terms of access to Knowledge for inventors who are not co-located. Overall, these results imply that spatial and social proximity are substitutes in their influence on access to Knowledge. We discuss the implications of these findings in terms of the optimal dispersion of socially connected inventors.
-
international labor mobility and Knowledge flow externalities
Journal of International Business Studies, 2008Co-Authors: Alexander Oettl, Ajay AgrawalAbstract:Although Knowledge Flows create value, the market often does not price them accordingly. We examine “unintended” Knowledge Flows that result from the cross-border movement of inventors (i.e., Flows that result from the move, but do not go to the hiring firm). We find that the inventor's new country gains from her arrival above and beyond the Knowledge flow benefits enjoyed by the firm that recruited her (National Learning by Immigration). Furthermore, the firm that lost the inventor also gains by receiving increased Knowledge Flows from that individual's new country and firm (Firm Learning from the Diaspora). Surprisingly, the latter effect is only twice as strong when the mover moves within the same multinational firm, suggesting that Knowledge Flows between inventors do not necessarily follow organizational boundaries, thus creating opportunities for public policy and firm strategy. Journal of International Business Studies (2008) 39, 1242–1260. doi:10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400358
-
gone but not forgotten Knowledge Flows labor mobility and enduring social relationships
Journal of Economic Geography, 2006Co-Authors: Ajay Agrawal, Iain M Cockburn, John MchaleAbstract:We examine the role of social relationships in facilitating Knowledge Flows by estimating the flow premium captured by a mobile inventor's previous location. Once an inventor has moved, they are gone - but are they forgotten? We find that Knowledge Flows to an inventor's prior location are approximately 50% greater than if they had never lived there, suggesting that social relationships, not just physical proximity, are important for determining flow patterns. Furthermore, we find that a large portion of this social effect is mediated by institutional links; however, this is not the result of corporate Knowledge management systems but rather of personal relationships formed through co-location within an institutional context that endure over time, space, and organizational boundaries. Moreover, we find the effect is nearly twice as large for Knowledge Flows across as compared to within fields, suggesting that co-location may substitute for communities of practice in determining flow patterns.
Robert C Liu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
minerva unbound Knowledge stocks Knowledge Flows and new Knowledge production
Research Policy, 2007Co-Authors: Lynne G Zucker, Michael R Darby, Jonathan Furner, Robert C LiuAbstract:Abstract Regional growth of new Knowledge in nanotechnology, as measured by counts of articles and patents in the open-access digital library NanoBank, is shown to be positively affected both by the size of existing regional stocks of recorded Knowledge in all scientific fields, and the extent to which tacit Knowledge in all fields Flows between institutions of different organizational types. The level of federal funding has a large, robust impact on both publication and patenting. The data provide support for the cumulative advantage model of Knowledge production, and for ongoing efforts to institutionalize channels through which cross-organizational collaboration may be achieved.
-
minerva unbound Knowledge stocks Knowledge Flows and new Knowledge production
Research Papers in Economics, 2006Co-Authors: Lynne G Zucker, Michael R Darby, Jonathan Furner, Robert C LiuAbstract:The rate of regional growth of new Knowledge in the field of nanotechnology, as measured by counts of articles and patents in the open-access digital library NanoBank, is shown to be positively affected both by the size of existing regional stocks of recorded Knowledge in all scientific fields, and the extent to which tacit Knowledge in all fields Flows between institutions of different organizational types. The level of federal funding has a large, robust impact on both publication and patenting. The data provide further support for the cumulative advantage model of Knowledge production, and for ongoing efforts to institutionalize channels through which cross-organizational collaboration may be achieved.
Jasjit Singh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
collaborative networks as determinants of Knowledge diffusion patterns
Social Science Research Network, 2006Co-Authors: Jasjit SinghAbstract:This paper examines if interpersonal networks help explain two widely documented patterns of Knowledge diffusion: (1) geographic localization of Knowledge Flows, and (2) localization of Knowledge Flows within firm boundaries. I measure Knowledge Flows using patent citation data, and employ a novel regression framework based on choice-based sampling to estimate the probability of Knowledge flow between inventors of any two patents. As expected, intra-regional and intra-firm Knowledge Flows are found to be stronger than those across regional or firm boundaries. I explore if these patterns can be explained by direct and indirect network ties between inventors, as inferred from past collaborations between them. The existence of a tie is found to be associated with a greater probability of Knowledge flow, with the probability decreasing as the path length (geodesic) increases. Further, the effect of regional or firm boundaries on Knowledge flow decreases once interpersonal ties have been accounted for. In fact, being in the same region or firm is found to have little additional effect on the probability of Knowledge flow between inventors that already have close network ties. The overall evidence is consistent with a view that interpersonal networks are important in determining observed patterns of Knowledge diffusion.
-
collaborative networks as determinants of Knowledge diffusion patterns
Management Science, 2005Co-Authors: Jasjit SinghAbstract:This paper examines whether interpersonal networks help explain two widely documented patterns of Knowledge diffusion: (1) geographic localization of Knowledge Flows, and (2) concentration of Knowledge Flows within firm boundaries. I measure Knowledge Flows using patent citation data, and employ a novel regression framework based on choice-based sampling to estimate the probability of Knowledge flow between inventors of any two patents. As expected, intraregional and intrafirm Knowledge Flows are found to be stronger than those across regional or firm boundaries. I explore whether these patterns can be explained by direct and indirect network ties among inventors, as inferred from past collaborations among them. The existence of a tie is found to be associated with a greater probability of Knowledge flow, with the probability decreasing as the path length (geodesic) increases. Furthermore, the effect of regional or firm boundaries on Knowledge flow decreases once interpersonal ties have been accounted for. In fact, being in the same region or firm is found to have little additional effect on the probability of Knowledge flow among inventors who already have close network ties. The overall evidence is consistent with a view that interpersonal networks are important in determining observed patterns of Knowledge diffusion.
Lynne G Zucker - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
minerva unbound Knowledge stocks Knowledge Flows and new Knowledge production
Research Policy, 2007Co-Authors: Lynne G Zucker, Michael R Darby, Jonathan Furner, Robert C LiuAbstract:Abstract Regional growth of new Knowledge in nanotechnology, as measured by counts of articles and patents in the open-access digital library NanoBank, is shown to be positively affected both by the size of existing regional stocks of recorded Knowledge in all scientific fields, and the extent to which tacit Knowledge in all fields Flows between institutions of different organizational types. The level of federal funding has a large, robust impact on both publication and patenting. The data provide support for the cumulative advantage model of Knowledge production, and for ongoing efforts to institutionalize channels through which cross-organizational collaboration may be achieved.
-
minerva unbound Knowledge stocks Knowledge Flows and new Knowledge production
Research Papers in Economics, 2006Co-Authors: Lynne G Zucker, Michael R Darby, Jonathan Furner, Robert C LiuAbstract:The rate of regional growth of new Knowledge in the field of nanotechnology, as measured by counts of articles and patents in the open-access digital library NanoBank, is shown to be positively affected both by the size of existing regional stocks of recorded Knowledge in all scientific fields, and the extent to which tacit Knowledge in all fields Flows between institutions of different organizational types. The level of federal funding has a large, robust impact on both publication and patenting. The data provide further support for the cumulative advantage model of Knowledge production, and for ongoing efforts to institutionalize channels through which cross-organizational collaboration may be achieved.
Ram Mudambi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
conventional and reverse Knowledge Flows in multinational corporations
Journal of Management, 2008Co-Authors: Qin Yang, Ram Mudambi, Klaus E MeyerAbstract:Leveraging Knowledge from geographically disparate subsidiaries is a crucial source of competitive advantage for multinational corporations (MNCs). This study investigates the determinants of Knowledge transfers to and from newly acquired subsidiaries in three transition economies in Central and Eastern Europe. It is hypothesized that the determinants of conventional Knowledge transfers from MNC parents to subsidiaries and reverse Knowledge transfers from subsidiaries to MNC parents are based on different transfer logics. A sample of 105 acquired subsidiaries revealed that organizational characteristics are important in conventional Knowledge Flows from headquarters, so that subsidiaries acquired with competence-creating objectives receive significantly larger inFlows. Knowledge characteristics are important in reverse Flows to headquarters so that subsidiaries whose Knowledge is more relevant are able to transmit significantly larger outFlows. Host country locations have significant moderating effects. T...
-
conventional and reverse Knowledge Flows in multinational corporations
2008Co-Authors: Qin Yang, Ram Mudambi, Klaus E MeyerAbstract:Leveraging Knowledge from geographically disparate subsidiaries is a crucial source of competitive advantage for multinational corporations (MNCs). This study investigates the determinants of Knowledge transfers to and from newly acquired subsidiaries in three transition economies in Central and Eastern European countries. We hypothesize that the determinants of 'conventional' Knowledge transfers from MNC parents to subsidiaries and 'reverse' Knowledge transfers from subsidiaries to MNC parents are based on different transfer logics. Based on a sample of 105 acquired subsidiaries, we find that organizational characteristics are important in conventional Knowledge Flows from headquarters, so that subsidiaries acquired with competence-creating objectives receive significantly larger inFlows. Knowledge characteristics are important in reverse Flows to headquarters so that subsidiaries whose Knowledge is more relevant are able to transmit significantly larger outFlows. Host country locations have significant moderating effects. The significance of the directional context in Knowledge transfers is an important new finding. A revised version of this paper has appeared: Journal of Management, Vol. 34, No. 5, pp. 882-902, 2008.
-
is Knowledge power Knowledge Flows subsidiary power and rent seeking within mncs
Journal of International Business Studies, 2004Co-Authors: Ram Mudambi, Pietro NavarraAbstract:In recent years, as multinational corporation (MNC) subsidiaries have become more closely linked to international networks, their Knowledge intensity has risen, and some of their R&D has gained a more creative role. Simultaneously, and often connectedly, many subsidiaries have acquired considerable strategic independence in all aspects of their operations, and therefore are able to exercise considerable intra-firm bargaining power to influence the distribution of the firm's resources. In this context, we suggest that intra-MNC Knowledge Flows are a key determinant of subsidiary bargaining power. We argue that subsidiary managers can exploit such power to pursue their own ends. Such rent-seeking behavior is implicit in much of the literature on managerialism, but our analysis suggests that such behavior can now occur in headquarters–subsidiary and subsidiary–subsidiary relations. Thus subsidiary strategic independence, designed to enhance the competitiveness of outputs (market Knowledge) and inputs (asset-seeking and learning), can be corroded when the pursuit of subsidiary objectives encourages rent-seeking. Empirical analysis of a sample of high-technology subsidiaries in the UK provides strong support for the theory. We examine several avenues whereby the incentives of units within the MNC can be aligned.
