The Experts below are selected from a list of 41799 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Ramesh Sunam - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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transnational Labour Migration and livelihoods in rural asia tracing patterns of agrarian and forest change
Geoforum, 2021Co-Authors: Ramesh Sunam, Keith Barney, John F MccarthyAbstract:Abstract While scholars and policy makers have increasingly focused on transnational Labour Migration (TLM) in Asia, few comparative studies have analysed how TLM shapes poverty, livelihoods, vulnerability, and agrarian-forest change across different rural contexts. Based on focused comparative fieldwork and a critical review of the secondary literature, this paper identifies the salient patterns of TLM-led change affecting rural livelihoods and agrarian-forest landscapes in three migrant-sending Asian countries: Nepal, Indonesia and Laos. Depending on how social relations, including those based on gender and ethnicity, and how specific geographic places are integrated into Migration pathways, TLM can result in patterns of changes involving agricultural deactivation and de-agrarianisation, as well as incipient re-agrarianisation. We also find that where remittances are integrated with diversified livelihood portfolios, and where state policies play a supportive role, transnational Labour Migration may improve household livelihoods. In the absence of these factors, the transformative potential of TLM can be overestimated, and TLM may end up reproducing underlying structural drivers of rural poverty and vulnerability. We, therefore, challenge the simplistic narrative that TLM provides an easy solution to the limitations of rural development in agrarian Asia. We suggest policy innovations that ameliorate critical issues of migrant vulnerability and precarity, and that support the mobilisation of Labour remittances for agricultural development and livelihood diversification.
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reconsidering the links between poverty international Labour Migration and agrarian change critical insights from nepal
The Journal of Peasant Studies, 2016Co-Authors: Ramesh Sunam, John F MccarthyAbstract:The role of international Labour Migration in processes leading to the (re)production of rural poverty in the rural South continues to shape critical academic and policy debate. While many studies have established that Migration provides an important pathway to rural prosperity, they insufficiently analyse the profound effects that Migration and remittances have on agrarian and rural livelihoods. This article uses the case of rural Nepal, where over half of the households are involved in foreign Labour Migration, as a ‘window’ to understand the processes shaping how Migration effects poverty. The paper analyses how Migration generates outcomes across the domains of rural people's changing relationship to land and agriculture, their experience of Migration, and rural Labour markets to advance our arguments. First, it argues that Migration leads to the commodification of land, generating changes in patterns of land uses and tenancy relations. With respect to rural people's engagement with agriculture, migra...
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reconsidering the links between poverty international Labour Migration and agrarian change critical insights from nepal
Social Science Research Network, 2015Co-Authors: Ramesh Sunam, John F MccarthyAbstract:The role of international Labour Migration in processes leading to the (re)production of rural poverty in the rural South continues to shape critical academic and policy debate. While many studies have established that Migration provides an important pathway to rural prosperity, they insufficiently analyse the profound effects that Migration and remittances have on agrarian and rural livelihoods. This article uses the case of rural Nepal, where over half of the households are involved in foreign Labour Migration, as a 'window' to understand the processes shaping how Migration effects poverty. The paper analyses how Migration generates outcomes across the domains of rural people's changing relationship to land and agriculture, their experience of Migration, and rural Labour markets to advance our arguments. First, it argues that Migration leads to the commodification of land, generating changes in patterns of land uses and tenancy relations. With respect to rural people's engagement with agriculture, Migration generates both processes of 'deactivation' and 'repeasantization'. Second, foreign Migration offers an exit from poverty for some while also creating processes of deeper impoverishment for others. Third, Migration leads to structural changes in rural Labour markets, reducing the supply of agrarian Labour. Consequently, in contrast to the simplifying 'narrative' accounts of a Migration pathway out of poverty, this paper concludes that the effects triggered by Migration are highly contradictory, providing an exit from poverty when linked to diversification strategies, while engendering rising inequality and rural differentiation.
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marginalised dalits in international Labour Migration reconfiguring economic and social relations in nepal
Social Science Research Network, 2014Co-Authors: Ramesh SunamAbstract:International Labour Migration continues to rise in Nepal affecting the livelihoods of many people. In this article, I draw on ethnographic research with Dalits, a marginalised group, to examine the role of international Labour Migration in altering migrants' economic and social space in their places of origin, once affected by Maoists' ‘people's war’. In particular, I explore how Dalits have used their agency to contest caste institutions by mobilising financial, human and symbolic capitals accumulated through Migration. Much of the existing studies highlight the economic side of Migration paying little attention to the social and cultural dimension. This article seeks to complement these analyses by illustrating how Dalits repudiate caste relations that have shaped their experiences of exploitation and domination.
John F Mccarthy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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transnational Labour Migration and livelihoods in rural asia tracing patterns of agrarian and forest change
Geoforum, 2021Co-Authors: Ramesh Sunam, Keith Barney, John F MccarthyAbstract:Abstract While scholars and policy makers have increasingly focused on transnational Labour Migration (TLM) in Asia, few comparative studies have analysed how TLM shapes poverty, livelihoods, vulnerability, and agrarian-forest change across different rural contexts. Based on focused comparative fieldwork and a critical review of the secondary literature, this paper identifies the salient patterns of TLM-led change affecting rural livelihoods and agrarian-forest landscapes in three migrant-sending Asian countries: Nepal, Indonesia and Laos. Depending on how social relations, including those based on gender and ethnicity, and how specific geographic places are integrated into Migration pathways, TLM can result in patterns of changes involving agricultural deactivation and de-agrarianisation, as well as incipient re-agrarianisation. We also find that where remittances are integrated with diversified livelihood portfolios, and where state policies play a supportive role, transnational Labour Migration may improve household livelihoods. In the absence of these factors, the transformative potential of TLM can be overestimated, and TLM may end up reproducing underlying structural drivers of rural poverty and vulnerability. We, therefore, challenge the simplistic narrative that TLM provides an easy solution to the limitations of rural development in agrarian Asia. We suggest policy innovations that ameliorate critical issues of migrant vulnerability and precarity, and that support the mobilisation of Labour remittances for agricultural development and livelihood diversification.
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reconsidering the links between poverty international Labour Migration and agrarian change critical insights from nepal
The Journal of Peasant Studies, 2016Co-Authors: Ramesh Sunam, John F MccarthyAbstract:The role of international Labour Migration in processes leading to the (re)production of rural poverty in the rural South continues to shape critical academic and policy debate. While many studies have established that Migration provides an important pathway to rural prosperity, they insufficiently analyse the profound effects that Migration and remittances have on agrarian and rural livelihoods. This article uses the case of rural Nepal, where over half of the households are involved in foreign Labour Migration, as a ‘window’ to understand the processes shaping how Migration effects poverty. The paper analyses how Migration generates outcomes across the domains of rural people's changing relationship to land and agriculture, their experience of Migration, and rural Labour markets to advance our arguments. First, it argues that Migration leads to the commodification of land, generating changes in patterns of land uses and tenancy relations. With respect to rural people's engagement with agriculture, migra...
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reconsidering the links between poverty international Labour Migration and agrarian change critical insights from nepal
Social Science Research Network, 2015Co-Authors: Ramesh Sunam, John F MccarthyAbstract:The role of international Labour Migration in processes leading to the (re)production of rural poverty in the rural South continues to shape critical academic and policy debate. While many studies have established that Migration provides an important pathway to rural prosperity, they insufficiently analyse the profound effects that Migration and remittances have on agrarian and rural livelihoods. This article uses the case of rural Nepal, where over half of the households are involved in foreign Labour Migration, as a 'window' to understand the processes shaping how Migration effects poverty. The paper analyses how Migration generates outcomes across the domains of rural people's changing relationship to land and agriculture, their experience of Migration, and rural Labour markets to advance our arguments. First, it argues that Migration leads to the commodification of land, generating changes in patterns of land uses and tenancy relations. With respect to rural people's engagement with agriculture, Migration generates both processes of 'deactivation' and 'repeasantization'. Second, foreign Migration offers an exit from poverty for some while also creating processes of deeper impoverishment for others. Third, Migration leads to structural changes in rural Labour markets, reducing the supply of agrarian Labour. Consequently, in contrast to the simplifying 'narrative' accounts of a Migration pathway out of poverty, this paper concludes that the effects triggered by Migration are highly contradictory, providing an exit from poverty when linked to diversification strategies, while engendering rising inequality and rural differentiation.
Sarah Marsden - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the ideology of temporary Labour Migration in the post global era
Citizenship Studies, 2014Co-Authors: Catherine Dauvergne, Sarah MarsdenAbstract:Temporary Labour Migration is becoming intellectually topical once again. Following renewed government interest in temporary Labour Migration on a global level, Migration scholars are now also showing renewed interest in the area. In this essay, we seek to explore the potential of these two movements, by states and by scholars, to yield different outcomes than earlier dialogues surrounding guest-worker programmes in the 1970s and 1980s. By looking at key ideological elements of temporary Labour Migration, we assess the potential for an alternative trajectory for understanding and reframing the discussion in terms that are capable of responding in a more emancipatory way to the lived experiences of migrant workers. We identify three concepts central to most analyses of temporary Migration policies and programmes: temporariness, the Labour market and rights. Our central contention is that these concepts function ideologically, and as such they constrain innovation with regard to temporary migrant Labour pro...
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the ideology of temporary Labour Migration in the post global era
Social Science Research Network, 2011Co-Authors: Catherine Dauvergne, Sarah MarsdenAbstract:In this chapter, we seek to explore the potential of new temporary Labour Migration programs to yield different outcomes than earlier guestworker programs in the 1980s and 1990s. By looking at key elements of temporary Labour Migration we assess the potential for an alternative trajectory for understanding and reframing the discussion in terms which are capable of responding in a more emancipatory way to the lived experiences of migrant workers. We have identified three concepts central to most analyses of temporary Migration policies and programs: temporariness, the Labour market, and rights. Our central contention is that these concepts function ideologically, and as such they constrain innovation with regard to temporary migrant Labour programs. Our aim is to build on earlier waves of scholarship regarding guestworker programs. Primary among these are that once temporary migrant Labourers arrive, it is difficult to ensure their departure, and the longer they remain, the harder it is to develop a theoretical argument for their exclusion from the polity and the territory. Similarly, we seek to build upon the insight that while workers may be invited, it is human beings who arrive. These touchstones are vital to understanding the linkage between temporary Labour Migration and illegal Migration, and the policy trade-offs between the two categories which underpin state policy but which, for fairly obvious reasons, are rarely articulated by policy makers. We situate our analysis in the post-global era because a key difference from earlier guest worker programs is the backdrop of advancing globalization. This affects each of our key starting points: temporariness, Labour markets, and rights. Followng a brief discussion of ideology as a framing concept, we first sketch the shape of temporary Labour Migration, paying attention to what is ‘new’ at present and to points of convergence between the states we take as examples (Canada, Australia, the United States and the United Kingdom). This sketch grounds our consideration of the notion of temporariness and the aims and interests it serves. The subsequent section considers the representation of national Labour markets within temporary Labour Migration programs. Following this, we turn to the possibilities and impossibilities of rights remedies for temporary workers. We draw on Hannah Arendt’s insight that Labour is a vital aspect of the human condition to consider new ways of conceptualizing temporary migrant Labour programs. to be published in:
Dorrit Posel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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have Migration patterns in post apartheid south africa changed
Journal of Interdisciplinary Economics, 2004Co-Authors: Dorrit PoselAbstract:In post-apartheid South Africa, it may have been expected that circular or temporary internal Labour Migration would have been replaced by the permanent settlement of Africans at places of employment. However, the evidence suggests that temporary internal Labour Migration in the country has not declined; rather it appears to have increased, particularly because of the rise in female Labour Migration. Africans continue to migrate, mostly from households in rural areas, to work or to look for work and they continue to retain ties with, and membership in, their households of origin. These findings resonate with those from recent research on cross-border Migration into South Africa: many people entering South Africa do not see themselves as immigrants who wish to settle permanently in the country, but as circular migrants. More research is needed to understand the nature of, and reasons for, this temporary Labour Migration in and into the country.
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what has been happening to internal Labour Migration in south africa 1993 1999
South African Journal of Economics, 2003Co-Authors: Dorrit Posel, Daniela CasaleAbstract:This paper attempts to redress the lack of research into temporary Labour Migration at a national level in South Africa. Using the 1993 Project for Statistics on Living Standards and Development and the 1995, 1997 and 1999 October Household Surveys, we explore three broad areas: the extent of Labour Migration over the period 1993 to 1999; the characteristics of migrant workers and how these have changed over time; and the economic ties that Labour migrants have maintained with their households of origin. We find that Labour Migration from African rural areas has increased, driven largely by a rise in the proportion of women leaving their households of origin to work or to search for work. Using a simple multivariate regression analysis together with descriptive statistics, we explore some possible reasons for why there has been this increase in female Migration. We also find that over the period migrants have retained strong economic ties with their households of origin, and that remittances remain an important share of income for these households. However, the analysis is limited by the paucity of data that exist on Labour migrants in the national household surveys. We therefore have also sought, wherever possible, to expose the limitations of the data and the likely biases that result. The authors would like to thank Prof Oded Stark and the participants at the 2nd Annual Conference on Labour Markets and Poverty of the Development Policy Research Unit for their comments. Daniela Casale would also like to thank the IRD, France for their funding of her research. Acknowledgements Development Policy Research Unit Tel: +27 21 650 5705 Fax: +27 21 650 5711 Information about our Working Papers and other published titles are available on our website at: http://www.commerce.uct.ac.za/dpru/
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what has been happening to internal Labour Migration in south africa 1993 1999
South African Journal of Economics, 2003Co-Authors: Dorrit Posel, Daniela CasaleAbstract:This paper attempts to redress the lack of research into temporary Labour Migration at a national level in South Africa. Using the 1993 Project for Statistics on Living Standards and Development and the 1995, 1997 and 1999 October Household Surveys, we explore three broad areas: the extent of Labour Migration over the period 1993 to 1999; the characteristics of migrant workers and how these have changed over time; and the economic ties that Labour migrants have maintained with their households of origin. We find that Labour Migration from African rural areas has increased, driven largely by a rise in the proportion of women leaving their households of origin to work or to search for work. Using a simple multivariate regression analysis together with descriptive statistics, we explore some possible reasons for why there has been this increase in female Migration. We also find that over the period migrants have retained strong economic ties with their households of origin, and that remittances remain an important share of income for these households. However, the analysis is limited by the paucity of data that exist on Labour migrants in the national household surveys. We therefore have also sought, wherever possible, to expose the limitations of the data and the likely biases that result. (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.)
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what has been happening to internal Labour Migration in south africa 1993 1999
2003Co-Authors: Dorrit Posel, Daniela CasaleAbstract:This paper attempts to redress the lack of research into temporary Labour Migration at a national level in South Africa. Using the 1993 Project for Statistics on Living Standards and Development and the 1995, 1997 and 1999 October Household Surveys, we explore three broad areas: the extent of Labour Migration over the period 1993 to 1999; the characteristics of migrant workers and how these have changed over time; and the economic ties that Labour migrants have maintained with their households of origin. We find that Labour Migration from African rural areas has increased, driven largely by a rise in the proportion of women leaving their households of origin to work or to search for work. Using a simple multivariate regression analysis together with descriptive statistics, we explore some possible reasons for why there has been this increase in female Migration. We also find that over the period migrants have retained strong economic ties with their households of origin, and that remittances remain an important share of income for these households. However, the analysis is limited by the paucity of data that exist on Labour migrants in the national household surveys. We therefore have also sought, wherever possible, to expose the limitations of the data and the likely biases that result.
Daniela Casale - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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what has been happening to internal Labour Migration in south africa 1993 1999
South African Journal of Economics, 2003Co-Authors: Dorrit Posel, Daniela CasaleAbstract:This paper attempts to redress the lack of research into temporary Labour Migration at a national level in South Africa. Using the 1993 Project for Statistics on Living Standards and Development and the 1995, 1997 and 1999 October Household Surveys, we explore three broad areas: the extent of Labour Migration over the period 1993 to 1999; the characteristics of migrant workers and how these have changed over time; and the economic ties that Labour migrants have maintained with their households of origin. We find that Labour Migration from African rural areas has increased, driven largely by a rise in the proportion of women leaving their households of origin to work or to search for work. Using a simple multivariate regression analysis together with descriptive statistics, we explore some possible reasons for why there has been this increase in female Migration. We also find that over the period migrants have retained strong economic ties with their households of origin, and that remittances remain an important share of income for these households. However, the analysis is limited by the paucity of data that exist on Labour migrants in the national household surveys. We therefore have also sought, wherever possible, to expose the limitations of the data and the likely biases that result. The authors would like to thank Prof Oded Stark and the participants at the 2nd Annual Conference on Labour Markets and Poverty of the Development Policy Research Unit for their comments. Daniela Casale would also like to thank the IRD, France for their funding of her research. Acknowledgements Development Policy Research Unit Tel: +27 21 650 5705 Fax: +27 21 650 5711 Information about our Working Papers and other published titles are available on our website at: http://www.commerce.uct.ac.za/dpru/
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what has been happening to internal Labour Migration in south africa 1993 1999
South African Journal of Economics, 2003Co-Authors: Dorrit Posel, Daniela CasaleAbstract:This paper attempts to redress the lack of research into temporary Labour Migration at a national level in South Africa. Using the 1993 Project for Statistics on Living Standards and Development and the 1995, 1997 and 1999 October Household Surveys, we explore three broad areas: the extent of Labour Migration over the period 1993 to 1999; the characteristics of migrant workers and how these have changed over time; and the economic ties that Labour migrants have maintained with their households of origin. We find that Labour Migration from African rural areas has increased, driven largely by a rise in the proportion of women leaving their households of origin to work or to search for work. Using a simple multivariate regression analysis together with descriptive statistics, we explore some possible reasons for why there has been this increase in female Migration. We also find that over the period migrants have retained strong economic ties with their households of origin, and that remittances remain an important share of income for these households. However, the analysis is limited by the paucity of data that exist on Labour migrants in the national household surveys. We therefore have also sought, wherever possible, to expose the limitations of the data and the likely biases that result. (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.)
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what has been happening to internal Labour Migration in south africa 1993 1999
2003Co-Authors: Dorrit Posel, Daniela CasaleAbstract:This paper attempts to redress the lack of research into temporary Labour Migration at a national level in South Africa. Using the 1993 Project for Statistics on Living Standards and Development and the 1995, 1997 and 1999 October Household Surveys, we explore three broad areas: the extent of Labour Migration over the period 1993 to 1999; the characteristics of migrant workers and how these have changed over time; and the economic ties that Labour migrants have maintained with their households of origin. We find that Labour Migration from African rural areas has increased, driven largely by a rise in the proportion of women leaving their households of origin to work or to search for work. Using a simple multivariate regression analysis together with descriptive statistics, we explore some possible reasons for why there has been this increase in female Migration. We also find that over the period migrants have retained strong economic ties with their households of origin, and that remittances remain an important share of income for these households. However, the analysis is limited by the paucity of data that exist on Labour migrants in the national household surveys. We therefore have also sought, wherever possible, to expose the limitations of the data and the likely biases that result.
