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Thomas F. Nalepa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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From picoplankton to microplankton: temperature-driven filtration by the unionid bivalve Lampsilis radiata siliquoidea in Lake St. Clair
Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 1995Co-Authors: Henry A. Vanderploeg, James R. Liebig, Thomas F. NalepaAbstract:Size-selective filtration by the unionid bivalve Lampsilis radiata siliquoidea was determined seasonally for Lake St. Clair seston with special emphasis placed on determining retention efficiency of particles less than 1 μm equivalent spherical diameter (ESD). These results allowed us to estimate the aggregate clearance rates of Lampsilis and total unionids in the lake. Retention efficiency for seston in the 0.79–1.00 μm ESD size category was 0.44 whereas 0.07 was the corresponding value for 0.91-μm microspheres in laboratory prepared mixtures of microspheres and cultured algae; respective values for the 0.63–0.79 μm size category were not significantly different from zero. Particle shape may explain the difference between natural seston and microspheres. Particles in the picoplankton size range (
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from picoplankton to microplankton temperature driven filtration by the unionid bivalve Lampsilis radiata siliquoidea in lake st clair
Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 1995Co-Authors: Henry A. Vanderploeg, James R. Liebig, Thomas F. NalepaAbstract:Size-selective filtration by the unionid bivalve Lampsilis radiata siliquoidea was determined seasonally for Lake St. Clair seston with special emphasis placed on determining retention efficiency of particles less than 1 μm equivalent spherical diameter (ESD). These results allowed us to estimate the aggregate clearance rates of Lampsilis and total unionids in the lake. Retention efficiency for seston in the 0.79–1.00 μm ESD size category was 0.44 whereas 0.07 was the corresponding value for 0.91-μm microspheres in laboratory prepared mixtures of microspheres and cultured algae; respective values for the 0.63–0.79 μm size category were not significantly different from zero. Particle shape may explain the difference between natural seston and microspheres. Particles in the picoplankton size range (<3 μm ESD) were probably an important food resource to the mussels, since 35–49% of the seston volume in Lake St. Clair was smaller than 3 μm ESD. Regression analyses of filtration rate as a function of temperatu...
Ning Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Acute and chronic toxicity of aluminum to a unionid mussel (Lampsilis siliquoidea) and an amphipod (Hyalella azteca) in water-only exposures
Environmental toxicology and chemistry, 2017Co-Authors: Ning Wang, Christopher G. Ingersoll, Eric L. Brunson, Chris D. Ivey, Danielle Cleveland, William A. Stubblefield, Allison S. CardwellAbstract:The US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) is reviewing the protectiveness of the national ambient water quality criteria (WQC) for aluminum (Al) and compiling a toxicity data set to update the WQC. Freshwater mussels are one of the most imperiled groups of animals in the world, but little is known about their sensitivity to Al. The objective of the present study was to evaluate acute 96-h and chronic 28-d toxicity of Al to a unionid mussel (Lampsilis siliquoidea) and a commonly tested amphipod (Hyalella azteca) at a pH of 6 and water hardness of 100 mg/L as CaCO3 . The acute 50% effect concentration (EC50) for survival of both species was >6200 μg total Al/L. The EC50 was greater than all acute values in the USEPA acute Al data set for freshwater species at a pH range of 5.0 to
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Toxicity of sediments from lead-zinc mining areas to juvenile freshwater mussels (Lampsilis siliquoidea) compared to standard test organisms.
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2015Co-Authors: John M. Besser, Christopher G. Ingersoll, Ning Wang, William G. Brumbaugh, Nile E. Kemble, Donald D. Macdonald, Andy D. RobertsAbstract:Sediment toxicity tests compared chronic effects on survival, growth, and biomass of juvenile freshwater mussels (28-d exposures with Lampsilis siliquoidea) to the responses of standard test organisms—amphipods (28-d exposures with Hyalella azteca) and midges (10-d exposures with Chironomus dilutus)—in sediments from 2 lead–zinc mining areas: the Tri-State Mining District and Southeast Missouri Mining District. Mussel tests were conducted in sediments sieved to
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Spatial and Temporal Trends of Freshwater Mussel Assemblages in the Meramec River Basin, Missouri, USA
Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management, 2012Co-Authors: Jo Ellen Hinck, M. Christopher Barnhart, Steven E. Mcmurray, Christopher G. Ingersoll, Andrew D Roberts, Ning Wang, T. AugspurgerAbstract:The Meramec River basin in east-central Missouri has one of the most diverse unionoid mussel faunas in the central United States with >40 species identified. Data were analyzed from historical surveys to test whether diversity and abundance of mussels in the Meramec River basin (Big, Bourbeuse, and Meramec rivers, representing >400 river miles) decreased between 1978 and 1997. We found that over 20 y, species richness and diversity decreased significantly in the Bourbeuse and Meramec rivers but not in the Big River. Most species were found at fewer sites and in lower numbers in 1997 than in 1978. Federally endangered species and Missouri Species of Conservation Concern with the most severe temporal declines were Alasmidonta viridis, Arcidens confragosus, Elliptio crassidens, Epioblasma triquetra, Fusconaia ebena, Lampsilis abrupta, Lampsilis brittsi, and Simpsonaias ambigua. Averaged across all species, mussels were generally being extirpated from historical sampling sites more rapidly than colonization was occurring. An exception was one reach of the Meramec River between river miles 28.4 and 59.5, where mussel abundance and diversity were greater than in other reaches and where colonization of Margaritiferidae, Lampsilini, and Quadrulini exceeded extirpation. The exact reasons mussel diversity and abundance have remained robust in this 30-mile reach is uncertain, but the reach is associated with increased gradients, few long pools, and vertical rock faces, all of which are preferable for mussels. Complete loss of mussel communities at eight sites (16%) with relatively diverse historical assemblages was attributed to physical habitat changes including bank erosion, unstable substrate, and sedimentation. Mussel conservation efforts, including restoring and protecting riparian habitats, limiting the effects of in-stream sand and gravel mining, monitoring and controlling invasive species, and protecting water quality, may be warranted in the Meramec River basin.
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sensitivity of early life stages of freshwater mussels unionidae to acute and chronic toxicity of lead cadmium and zinc in water
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2010Co-Authors: Ning Wang, Christopher G. Ingersoll, T. Augspurger, Andy D. Roberts, Christopher D Ivey, Douglas K Hardesty, Thomas W May, Eric Van Genderen, Chris M BarnhartAbstract:Toxicity of lead, cadmium, or zinc to early life stages of freshwater mussels (fatmucket, Lampsilis siliquoidea; Neosho mucket, L. rafinesqueana) was evaluated in 48-h exposures with mussel larvae (glochidia), in 96-h exposures with newly transformed (5-d-old) and two- or six-month-old juvenile mussels, or in 28-d exposures with two- or four-month-old mussels in reconstituted soft water. The 24-h median effect concentrations (EC50s) for fatmucket glochidia (>299 microg Pb/L, >227 microg Cd/L, 2,685 microg Zn/L) and 96-h EC50s for two- or six-month-old fatmucket (>426 microg Pb/L, 199 microg Cd/L, 1,700 microg Zn/L) were much higher than 96-h EC50s for newly transformed fatmucket (142 and 298 microg Pb/L, 16 microg Cd/L, 151 and 175 microg Zn/L) and Neosho mucket (188 microg Pb/L, 20 microg Cd/L, 145 microg Zn/L). Chronic values for fatmucket were 10 microg Pb/L, 6.0 microg Cd/L, and 63 and 68 microg Zn/L. When mussel data from the present study and the literature were included in updated databases for deriving U.S. Environmental Protection Agency water quality criteria, mussel genus mean acute values were in the lower percentiles of the sensitivity distribution of all freshwater species for Pb (the 26th percentile), Cd (the 15th to 29th percentile), or Zn (the 12th to 21st percentile). The mussel (Lampsilis) genus mean chronic value was the lowest value ever reported for Pb (the 9th percentile) but was near the middle of the sensitivity distribution for Cd (the 61st percentile) or Zn (the 44th percentile). These results indicate that mussels were relatively sensitive to the acute toxicity of these three metals and to the chronic toxicity of Pb, but were moderately sensitive to the chronic toxicity of Cd or Zn compared to other freshwater species.
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An evaluation of the influence of substrate on the response of juvenile freshwater mussels (fatmucket, Lampsilis siliquoidea) in acute water exposures to ammonia.
Environmental toxicology and chemistry, 2010Co-Authors: Jingling M. Miao, M. Christopher Barnhart, Christopher G. Ingersoll, Douglas K Hardesty, Eric L. Brunson, Ning WangAbstract:Acute 96-h ammonia toxicity to three-month-old juvenile mussels (Lampsilis siliquoidea) was evaluated in four treatments (water-only, water-only with feeding, water and soil, and water and sand) using an exposure unit designed to maintain consistent pH and ammonia concentrations in overlying water and in pore water surrounding the substrates. Median effect concentrations (EC50s) for total ammonia nitrogen in the four treatments ranged from 5.6 to 7.7 mg/L and median lethal concentrations (LC50s) ranged from 7.0 to 11 mg/L at a mean pH of 8.4. Similar EC50s or LC50s with overlapping 95% confidence intervals among treatments indicated no influence of substrate on the response of mussels in acute exposures to ammonia. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:2112–2116. © 2010 SETAC
Ryan S. Prosser - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The facultatively parasitic ciliated protozoan, Tetrahymena glochidiophila (Lynn, 2018), causes a reduction in viability of freshwater mussel glochidia
Journal of invertebrate pathology, 2018Co-Authors: Ryan S. Prosser, Denis H. Lynn, Joseph Salerno, J. Bennett, P.l. GillisAbstract:This study investigated the effect of a previously uncharacterized species of ciliated protozoan, Tetrahymena glochidiophila, on the viability of glochidia from three species of freshwater mussel (Lampsilis siliquoidea, Lampsilis fasciola, and Lampsilis cardium). Over the course of 72 h, the viability of glochidia exposed to T. glochidiophila declined by >60% while the decline in the viability of uninfected glochidia was 1000-fold during the experiment in treatments with infected glochidia. Lampsilis cardium glochidia were also either exposed to gill rinsate or gill contents from infected gravid female L. siliquoidea for the purpose of elucidating the location of the greatest density of ciliates within infected mussels. Glochidia exposed to gill contents declined significantly (p
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Bioaccumulation of sediment-associated substituted phenylamine antioxidants in Tubifex tubifex and Lampsilis siliquoidea.
Ecotoxicology (London England), 2018Co-Authors: Ryan S. Prosser, Patricia L Gillis, E.a.m. Holman, D. Schissler, H. Ikert, Danielle Milani, J Toito, V. Palabrica, J. L. Parrott, Adrienne J. BartlettAbstract:Substituted phenylamine antioxidants (SPAs) are additives in a variety of commercial polymers (e.g., lubricants, plastics, etc.). Based on their physicochemical properties, if SPAs were to enter an aquatic system, they would likely partition into sediment and have the capacity to bioaccumulate in biota. This study investigated the potential of four sediment-associated SPAs, diphenylamine (DPA), N-phenyl-1-naphthalene (PNA), N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N’-phenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine (DPPDA), and 4,4’-methylene-bis[N-sec-butylaniline] (MBA) to accumulate in the tissues of freshwater mussels (Lampsilis siliquoidea) and oligochaete worms (Tubifex tubifex). Mussels and worms were exposed to sediment spiked with individual SPAs for 28 d. The concentration of SPAs was measured in the gill, gonad, and remaining viscera of the mussels and entire body of the worms. The majority of biota-sediment accumulation factors (28-d BSAFs) for the different tissues of mussels were
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Effect of substituted phenylamine antioxidants on three life stages of the freshwater mussel Lampsilis siliquoidea.
Environmental Pollution, 2017Co-Authors: Ryan S. Prosser, Patricia L Gillis, E.a.m. Holman, D. Schissler, H. Ikert, Ève A.m. Gilroy, S.d. Campbell, Adrienne J. Bartlett, J Toito, Danielle MilaniAbstract:Abstract Substituted phenylamines (SPAs) are incorporated into a variety of consumer products (e.g., polymers, lubricants) in order to increase the lifespan of the products by acting as a primary antioxidant. Based on their physicochemical properties, if SPAs were to enter the aquatic environment, they would likely partition into sediment. No studies to date have investigated the effect of sediment-associated SPAs on aquatic organisms. The current study examined the effect of four SPAs (diphenylamine (DPA); N-phenyl-1-napthylamine (PNA); N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N’-phenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine (DPPDA); 4,4’-methylene-bis[N-sec-butylaniline] (MBA)) on three different life stages of the freshwater mussel, Lampsilis siliquoidea . The viability of larvae (glochidia) of L. siliquoidea and Lampsilis fasciola was assessed after 48 h of exposure to SPAs in water. The 48-h EC50s for glochidia viability of L. siliquoidea were 5951, 606, 439, and 258 μg/L for DPA, PNA, DPPDA, and MBA, respectively, and 7946, 591, 137, and 47 μg/L, respectively, for L. fasciola . Juvenile (7–15 months) and adult L. siliquoidea were exposed to sediment-associated SPAs for 28 d. LC50s for juvenile mussels were 18, 55, 62, and 109 μg/g dry weight (dw) of sediment for DPA, PNA, DPPDA, and MBA, respectively. Adult mussels were exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of sediment-associated SPAs in order to investigate reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation and total glutathione in the gill, gonad, and digestive gland tissue, and viability and DNA damage in hemocytes. No significant concentration-dependent trend in any of these biochemical and cellular endpoints relative to the concentration of sediment-associated SPAs was observed in any tissues. Investigations into the concentration of SPAs in the aquatic environment are required before a conclusion can be made on whether these compounds pose a hazard to the different life stages of freshwater mussels.
Christopher G. Ingersoll - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Acute and chronic toxicity of aluminum to a unionid mussel (Lampsilis siliquoidea) and an amphipod (Hyalella azteca) in water-only exposures
Environmental toxicology and chemistry, 2017Co-Authors: Ning Wang, Christopher G. Ingersoll, Eric L. Brunson, Chris D. Ivey, Danielle Cleveland, William A. Stubblefield, Allison S. CardwellAbstract:The US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) is reviewing the protectiveness of the national ambient water quality criteria (WQC) for aluminum (Al) and compiling a toxicity data set to update the WQC. Freshwater mussels are one of the most imperiled groups of animals in the world, but little is known about their sensitivity to Al. The objective of the present study was to evaluate acute 96-h and chronic 28-d toxicity of Al to a unionid mussel (Lampsilis siliquoidea) and a commonly tested amphipod (Hyalella azteca) at a pH of 6 and water hardness of 100 mg/L as CaCO3 . The acute 50% effect concentration (EC50) for survival of both species was >6200 μg total Al/L. The EC50 was greater than all acute values in the USEPA acute Al data set for freshwater species at a pH range of 5.0 to
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Toxicity of sediments from lead-zinc mining areas to juvenile freshwater mussels (Lampsilis siliquoidea) compared to standard test organisms.
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2015Co-Authors: John M. Besser, Christopher G. Ingersoll, Ning Wang, William G. Brumbaugh, Nile E. Kemble, Donald D. Macdonald, Andy D. RobertsAbstract:Sediment toxicity tests compared chronic effects on survival, growth, and biomass of juvenile freshwater mussels (28-d exposures with Lampsilis siliquoidea) to the responses of standard test organisms—amphipods (28-d exposures with Hyalella azteca) and midges (10-d exposures with Chironomus dilutus)—in sediments from 2 lead–zinc mining areas: the Tri-State Mining District and Southeast Missouri Mining District. Mussel tests were conducted in sediments sieved to
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Spatial and Temporal Trends of Freshwater Mussel Assemblages in the Meramec River Basin, Missouri, USA
Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management, 2012Co-Authors: Jo Ellen Hinck, M. Christopher Barnhart, Steven E. Mcmurray, Christopher G. Ingersoll, Andrew D Roberts, Ning Wang, T. AugspurgerAbstract:The Meramec River basin in east-central Missouri has one of the most diverse unionoid mussel faunas in the central United States with >40 species identified. Data were analyzed from historical surveys to test whether diversity and abundance of mussels in the Meramec River basin (Big, Bourbeuse, and Meramec rivers, representing >400 river miles) decreased between 1978 and 1997. We found that over 20 y, species richness and diversity decreased significantly in the Bourbeuse and Meramec rivers but not in the Big River. Most species were found at fewer sites and in lower numbers in 1997 than in 1978. Federally endangered species and Missouri Species of Conservation Concern with the most severe temporal declines were Alasmidonta viridis, Arcidens confragosus, Elliptio crassidens, Epioblasma triquetra, Fusconaia ebena, Lampsilis abrupta, Lampsilis brittsi, and Simpsonaias ambigua. Averaged across all species, mussels were generally being extirpated from historical sampling sites more rapidly than colonization was occurring. An exception was one reach of the Meramec River between river miles 28.4 and 59.5, where mussel abundance and diversity were greater than in other reaches and where colonization of Margaritiferidae, Lampsilini, and Quadrulini exceeded extirpation. The exact reasons mussel diversity and abundance have remained robust in this 30-mile reach is uncertain, but the reach is associated with increased gradients, few long pools, and vertical rock faces, all of which are preferable for mussels. Complete loss of mussel communities at eight sites (16%) with relatively diverse historical assemblages was attributed to physical habitat changes including bank erosion, unstable substrate, and sedimentation. Mussel conservation efforts, including restoring and protecting riparian habitats, limiting the effects of in-stream sand and gravel mining, monitoring and controlling invasive species, and protecting water quality, may be warranted in the Meramec River basin.
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sensitivity of early life stages of freshwater mussels unionidae to acute and chronic toxicity of lead cadmium and zinc in water
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2010Co-Authors: Ning Wang, Christopher G. Ingersoll, T. Augspurger, Andy D. Roberts, Christopher D Ivey, Douglas K Hardesty, Thomas W May, Eric Van Genderen, Chris M BarnhartAbstract:Toxicity of lead, cadmium, or zinc to early life stages of freshwater mussels (fatmucket, Lampsilis siliquoidea; Neosho mucket, L. rafinesqueana) was evaluated in 48-h exposures with mussel larvae (glochidia), in 96-h exposures with newly transformed (5-d-old) and two- or six-month-old juvenile mussels, or in 28-d exposures with two- or four-month-old mussels in reconstituted soft water. The 24-h median effect concentrations (EC50s) for fatmucket glochidia (>299 microg Pb/L, >227 microg Cd/L, 2,685 microg Zn/L) and 96-h EC50s for two- or six-month-old fatmucket (>426 microg Pb/L, 199 microg Cd/L, 1,700 microg Zn/L) were much higher than 96-h EC50s for newly transformed fatmucket (142 and 298 microg Pb/L, 16 microg Cd/L, 151 and 175 microg Zn/L) and Neosho mucket (188 microg Pb/L, 20 microg Cd/L, 145 microg Zn/L). Chronic values for fatmucket were 10 microg Pb/L, 6.0 microg Cd/L, and 63 and 68 microg Zn/L. When mussel data from the present study and the literature were included in updated databases for deriving U.S. Environmental Protection Agency water quality criteria, mussel genus mean acute values were in the lower percentiles of the sensitivity distribution of all freshwater species for Pb (the 26th percentile), Cd (the 15th to 29th percentile), or Zn (the 12th to 21st percentile). The mussel (Lampsilis) genus mean chronic value was the lowest value ever reported for Pb (the 9th percentile) but was near the middle of the sensitivity distribution for Cd (the 61st percentile) or Zn (the 44th percentile). These results indicate that mussels were relatively sensitive to the acute toxicity of these three metals and to the chronic toxicity of Pb, but were moderately sensitive to the chronic toxicity of Cd or Zn compared to other freshwater species.
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An evaluation of the influence of substrate on the response of juvenile freshwater mussels (fatmucket, Lampsilis siliquoidea) in acute water exposures to ammonia.
Environmental toxicology and chemistry, 2010Co-Authors: Jingling M. Miao, M. Christopher Barnhart, Christopher G. Ingersoll, Douglas K Hardesty, Eric L. Brunson, Ning WangAbstract:Acute 96-h ammonia toxicity to three-month-old juvenile mussels (Lampsilis siliquoidea) was evaluated in four treatments (water-only, water-only with feeding, water and soil, and water and sand) using an exposure unit designed to maintain consistent pH and ammonia concentrations in overlying water and in pore water surrounding the substrates. Median effect concentrations (EC50s) for total ammonia nitrogen in the four treatments ranged from 5.6 to 7.7 mg/L and median lethal concentrations (LC50s) ranged from 7.0 to 11 mg/L at a mean pH of 8.4. Similar EC50s or LC50s with overlapping 95% confidence intervals among treatments indicated no influence of substrate on the response of mussels in acute exposures to ammonia. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:2112–2116. © 2010 SETAC
Adrienne J. Bartlett - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Toxicity of the pharmaceuticals finasteride and melengestrol acetate to benthic invertebrates
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2020Co-Authors: Ève A.m. Gilroy, Patricia L Gillis, Adrienne J. Bartlett, Joseph Salerno, Nicholas A. Bendo, Amanda M. Hedges, Lisa R. Brown, Emily A. M. Holman, Naomi L. Stock, Shane R. SollaAbstract:The toxicity of endocrinologically active pharmaceuticals finasteride (FIN) and melengestrol acetate (MGA) was assessed in freshwater mussels, including acute (48 h) aqueous tests with glochidia from Lampsilis siliquoidea , sub-chronic (14 days) sediment tests with gravid female Lampsilis fasciola , and chronic (28 days) sediment tests with juvenile L. siliquoidea , and in chronic (42 days) sediment tests with the amphipod Hyalella azteca and the mayfly Hexagenia spp. Finasteride was not toxic in acute aqueous tests with L. siliquoidea glochidia (up to 23 mg/L), whereas significant toxicity to survival and burial ability was detected in chronic sediment tests with juvenile L. siliquoidea (chronic value (ChV, the geometric mean of LOEC and NOEC) = 58 mg/kg (1 mg/L)). Amphipods (survival, growth, reproduction, and sex ratio) and mayflies (growth) were similarly sensitive (ChV = 58 mg/kg (1 mg/L)). Melengestrol acetate was acutely toxic to L. siliquoidea glochidia at 4 mg/L in aqueous tests; in sediment tests, mayflies were the most sensitive species, with significant growth effects observed at 37 mg/kg (0.25 mg/L) (ChV = 21 mg/kg (0.1 mg/L)). Exposure to sublethal concentrations of FIN and MGA had no effect on the (luring and filtering) behaviour of gravid L. fasciola , or the viability of their brooding glochidia. Based on the limited number of measured environmental concentrations of both chemicals, and their projected concentrations, no direct effects are expected by these compounds individually on the invertebrates tested. However, organisms are exposed to contaminant mixtures in the aquatic environment, and thus, the effects of FIN and MGA as components of these mixtures require further investigation.
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Bioaccumulation of sediment-associated substituted phenylamine antioxidants in Tubifex tubifex and Lampsilis siliquoidea.
Ecotoxicology (London England), 2018Co-Authors: Ryan S. Prosser, Patricia L Gillis, E.a.m. Holman, D. Schissler, H. Ikert, Danielle Milani, J Toito, V. Palabrica, J. L. Parrott, Adrienne J. BartlettAbstract:Substituted phenylamine antioxidants (SPAs) are additives in a variety of commercial polymers (e.g., lubricants, plastics, etc.). Based on their physicochemical properties, if SPAs were to enter an aquatic system, they would likely partition into sediment and have the capacity to bioaccumulate in biota. This study investigated the potential of four sediment-associated SPAs, diphenylamine (DPA), N-phenyl-1-naphthalene (PNA), N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N’-phenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine (DPPDA), and 4,4’-methylene-bis[N-sec-butylaniline] (MBA) to accumulate in the tissues of freshwater mussels (Lampsilis siliquoidea) and oligochaete worms (Tubifex tubifex). Mussels and worms were exposed to sediment spiked with individual SPAs for 28 d. The concentration of SPAs was measured in the gill, gonad, and remaining viscera of the mussels and entire body of the worms. The majority of biota-sediment accumulation factors (28-d BSAFs) for the different tissues of mussels were
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Effect of substituted phenylamine antioxidants on three life stages of the freshwater mussel Lampsilis siliquoidea.
Environmental Pollution, 2017Co-Authors: Ryan S. Prosser, Patricia L Gillis, E.a.m. Holman, D. Schissler, H. Ikert, Ève A.m. Gilroy, S.d. Campbell, Adrienne J. Bartlett, J Toito, Danielle MilaniAbstract:Abstract Substituted phenylamines (SPAs) are incorporated into a variety of consumer products (e.g., polymers, lubricants) in order to increase the lifespan of the products by acting as a primary antioxidant. Based on their physicochemical properties, if SPAs were to enter the aquatic environment, they would likely partition into sediment. No studies to date have investigated the effect of sediment-associated SPAs on aquatic organisms. The current study examined the effect of four SPAs (diphenylamine (DPA); N-phenyl-1-napthylamine (PNA); N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N’-phenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine (DPPDA); 4,4’-methylene-bis[N-sec-butylaniline] (MBA)) on three different life stages of the freshwater mussel, Lampsilis siliquoidea . The viability of larvae (glochidia) of L. siliquoidea and Lampsilis fasciola was assessed after 48 h of exposure to SPAs in water. The 48-h EC50s for glochidia viability of L. siliquoidea were 5951, 606, 439, and 258 μg/L for DPA, PNA, DPPDA, and MBA, respectively, and 7946, 591, 137, and 47 μg/L, respectively, for L. fasciola . Juvenile (7–15 months) and adult L. siliquoidea were exposed to sediment-associated SPAs for 28 d. LC50s for juvenile mussels were 18, 55, 62, and 109 μg/g dry weight (dw) of sediment for DPA, PNA, DPPDA, and MBA, respectively. Adult mussels were exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of sediment-associated SPAs in order to investigate reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation and total glutathione in the gill, gonad, and digestive gland tissue, and viability and DNA damage in hemocytes. No significant concentration-dependent trend in any of these biochemical and cellular endpoints relative to the concentration of sediment-associated SPAs was observed in any tissues. Investigations into the concentration of SPAs in the aquatic environment are required before a conclusion can be made on whether these compounds pose a hazard to the different life stages of freshwater mussels.
