The Experts below are selected from a list of 26277 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Hualin Xie - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Impact of Land Fragmentation on marginal productivity of agricultural labor and non-agricultural labor supply: A case study of Jiangsu, China
Habitat International, 2019Co-Authors: Hualin Xie, Guangrong YaoAbstract:Abstract In the context of China's rapid economic development, numerous rural laborers go out to work driven by economic interests. How to release the surplus rural labor effectively is critical for the further development of urbanization in China. Land Fragmentation is a basic characteristic of agricultural production in China. Land Fragmentation also affects labor use. In the current process of China's rural reform and urbanization, large amounts of surplus rural labor will continue to transfer to urban and non-agricultural sectors in the near future, and the transfer mode will turn from individual migration to family migration. Marginal productivity of agricultural labor has an important influence on farmers' labor decisions. Using household survey data collected from Jiangsu province in China, this study analyzes the theoretical mechanism, and empirically tests the direction and degree of the impact of Land Fragmentation on marginal productivity of agricultural labor and non-agricultural labor supply. The results reveal that Land Fragmentation decreases marginal productivity of agricultural labor and increases non-agricultural labor supply. This effect is especially obvious for young agricultural workers. Supplementing relevant policies and preferential measures, the government should guide farmers to realize joint Land operation and transfer of farmLand management rights on a voluntary basis. Further, it is necessary to increase the supply of mechanized services and facilitate the development of small-sized agricultural machine that can be used on smaller Landholdings.
-
assessing the impacts of Land Fragmentation and plot size on yields and costs a translog production model and cost function approach
Agricultural Systems, 2018Co-Authors: Hualin Xie, Xinmin ZhangAbstract:Abstract More attentions should be focused on the changes in plot size of each household rather than the size of farmLand in the discussions of economic problem of Land Fragmentation in China. This study empirically analyzes the impact of Land Fragmentation and plot size on yields, along with average costs, using household survey data collected from the Jiangsu province in China. A detailed and careful translog production model and cost function are employed to understand and analyze these problems. The empirical results reveal that there are increasing returns to scale in agricultural production. Land Fragmentation reduces yields through changes in marginal outputs of agricultural inputs. Especially in areas with high opportunity costs of labor, the negative impact is more obvious. A one-unit increase in the Simpson index leads to a 39% increase in the average cost, whereas a one-unit increase in plot size leads to an 8% decline in the average cost. Thus, moderate expansion of the size of the plot can reduce the average cost, implying that agriculture can achieve economies of scale within each plot. Economies of scale should be developed by keeping farm size constant, reducing the number of plots, and expanding the size of each plot. We suggest that economies of scale can be achieved in each plot by either Land consolidation or Land transfer as well as by joint farming and joint association.
-
impact of Land Fragmentation and non agricultural labor supply on circulation of agricultural Land management rights
Land Use Policy, 2017Co-Authors: Hualin XieAbstract:This study quantitatively examines the effects of Land Fragmentation and non-agricultural labor supply on the circulation of agricultural Land management rights. The examination is conducted from the perspective of labor heterogeneity and family joint decision-making, using the rural fixed observation point data from the Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China. The results reveal that Land Fragmentation significantly affects circulation decisions of agricultural Land circulation. Land Fragmentation strengthens the effect of non-agricultural labor supply on agricultural Land outflow, and this effect is more pronounced among females. Compared with males, the female non-agricultural labor supply has a greater effect on agricultural Land circulation. When non-agricultural labor supply increases, the effect of the female non-agricultural labor supply on agricultural Land circulation becomes significant, Land outflows increase, and Land inflows decrease. In the areas of eastern, central, and northeastern China, the female non-agricultural labor supply has a significant impact on agricultural Land outflow. Furthermore, the number of Land plots strengthens the effect of the non-agricultural labor supply on the outflows of agricultural Land in eastern and northeastern China; this effect is more pronounced for females in northeastern China. The government and related departments should strengthen non-agricultural employment training, and design conditions and policies to promote the orderly transfer of household labor, thus achieving intense agricultural development in the process of human urbanization.
Nico Heerink - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
impact of Land Fragmentation on rice producers technical efficiency in south east china
Njas-wageningen Journal of Life Sciences, 2010Co-Authors: Nico Heerink, S Tan, Arie KuyvenhovenAbstract:Rice farming is important for income generation in large parts of China and Asia. This paper uses detailed household, crop- and plot-level data to investigate the levels and determinants of rice producers’ technical efficiency for three villages with different characteristics in a major rice-growing area of South-East China, focusing in particular on the impact of Land Fragmentation. Empirical results obtained by applying a stochastic frontier model showed statistically significant differences in technology level among villages, with the remotest village having the lowest technology level. Within villages average technical efficiency was generally high, ranging from 0.80 to 0.91 for the three types of rice that are grown in the region. For late-rice producers, no statistically significant variation was found in their technical efficiencies. Land Fragmentation was found to be an important determinant of technical efficiency in early-rice and one-season rice production. An increase in average plot size increased rice farmers’ technical efficiency. Given average plot size, an increase in the number of plots was found to increase technical efficiency, indicating the presence of variation effects. A larger distance between homesteads and plots contributed to technical inefficiency in early-rice production. The high levels of technical efficiency found in our study support the view that to raise rice productivity in the long run, new technologies need to be introduced.
-
do fragmented Landholdings have higher production costs evidence from rice farmers in northeastern jiangxi province p r china
China Economic Review, 2008Co-Authors: Shuhao Tan, Nico Heerink, G Kruseman, Q U FutianAbstract:Abstract Land Fragmentation is generally seen as an obstacle to agricultural productivity improvements, but it can also facilitate labor smoothing and risk diversification. In this paper we examine the impact of Land Fragmentation on the variable production costs of rice farmers in three villages in Jiangxi Province, P.R. China. We find that changes in the number of plots and plot size distribution, as measured by the Simpson index, do not affect total production costs per unit output, but cause a shift between cost categories. Farmers with more and smaller plots tend to use more labor and fewer modern technologies as compared to farmers with fewer and larger plots. Other aspects of Land Fragmentation, however, do affect total production costs. A reduction of the average distance to plots and an increase in farm size decrease the total production costs per ton. We conclude that Land consolidation programs can only contribute to the joint policy goals of increasing agricultural production capacity and reducing the rural labor surplus, if such programs are accompanied by measures aimed at creating alternative market opportunities and at providing appropriate off-farm employment opportunities.
-
Land Fragmentation and its driving forces in china
Land Use Policy, 2006Co-Authors: Shuhao Tan, Nico HeerinkAbstract:Abstract Fragmentation of Landholdings is commonly regarded as a major obstacle to agricultural production growth in China. This study analyses the factors contributing to Land Fragmentation, and uses household- and village-level data from 11 villages in Jiangxi Province to test these factors empirically. Our analysis shows that Land Fragmentation in China is caused to a large extent by the egalitarian principles used in distributing and reallocating Land use rights to households. Land within each village is classified into different classes, with each household receiving Land from each class. Moreover, Land is basically assigned on the basis of household size, with large households receiving substantially more (and slightly bigger) plots than small households. We further find that incomes from off-farm employment and Land rental markets are associated with lower Land Fragmentation. Limited market access does not induce Land Fragmentation. Instead, we find that Landholdings in suburban areas are more fragmented, probably because farmers cultivate a wider range of (high value-added) crops in these areas. We conclude that, although Land Fragmentation has slightly declined during the 1990s, it is likely to remain high in China if the current principles underlying Land distribution within villages are maintained. Three policy options for reducing Land Fragmentation are suggested.
Vida Maliene - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
towards sustainable rural development in central and eastern europe applying Land consolidation
Land Use Policy, 2010Co-Authors: Giedrius Pasakarnis, Vida MalieneAbstract:Abstract Over the past twenty years, social and economic decline in rural areas has intensified in the Central and Eastern European countries. A precondition for the reversal of this decline is the implementation of new policies in relation to the fundamentals of Land ownership and management. In addition to addressing the problems of Land ownership Fragmentation, these should include measures to improve agricultural production and employment, taxation policy, and legislation to protect Land ownership rights, within the context of acknowledging environmental and sustainability considerations. In Europe, the requirement for readjusting unfavourable Land Fragmentation and promoting the appropriate use of Land combining with positive environmental solutions is expected to create new sustainable Land management systems. The consolidation of Land ownerships may be an effective and active Land management instrument which not only addresses the problems of Land Fragmentation, but also, if applied sensitively, may be an instrument for delivering sustainable rural development in a wider context. The aim of this research is to investigate Land consolidation as an essential tool to create sustainable rural areas in Lithuania.
-
towards sustainable rural development in central and eastern europe applying Land consolidation
Land Use Policy, 2010Co-Authors: Giedrius Pasakarnis, Vida MalieneAbstract:Abstract Over the past twenty years, social and economic decline in rural areas has intensified in the Central and Eastern European countries. A precondition for the reversal of this decline is the implementation of new policies in relation to the fundamentals of Land ownership and management. In addition to addressing the problems of Land ownership Fragmentation, these should include measures to improve agricultural production and employment, taxation policy, and legislation to protect Land ownership rights, within the context of acknowledging environmental and sustainability considerations. In Europe, the requirement for readjusting unfavourable Land Fragmentation and promoting the appropriate use of Land combining with positive environmental solutions is expected to create new sustainable Land management systems. The consolidation of Land ownerships may be an effective and active Land management instrument which not only addresses the problems of Land Fragmentation, but also, if applied sensitively, may be an instrument for delivering sustainable rural development in a wider context. The aim of this research is to investigate Land consolidation as an essential tool to create sustainable rural areas in Lithuania.
Giedrius Pasakarnis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
towards sustainable rural development in central and eastern europe applying Land consolidation
Land Use Policy, 2010Co-Authors: Giedrius Pasakarnis, Vida MalieneAbstract:Abstract Over the past twenty years, social and economic decline in rural areas has intensified in the Central and Eastern European countries. A precondition for the reversal of this decline is the implementation of new policies in relation to the fundamentals of Land ownership and management. In addition to addressing the problems of Land ownership Fragmentation, these should include measures to improve agricultural production and employment, taxation policy, and legislation to protect Land ownership rights, within the context of acknowledging environmental and sustainability considerations. In Europe, the requirement for readjusting unfavourable Land Fragmentation and promoting the appropriate use of Land combining with positive environmental solutions is expected to create new sustainable Land management systems. The consolidation of Land ownerships may be an effective and active Land management instrument which not only addresses the problems of Land Fragmentation, but also, if applied sensitively, may be an instrument for delivering sustainable rural development in a wider context. The aim of this research is to investigate Land consolidation as an essential tool to create sustainable rural areas in Lithuania.
-
towards sustainable rural development in central and eastern europe applying Land consolidation
Land Use Policy, 2010Co-Authors: Giedrius Pasakarnis, Vida MalieneAbstract:Abstract Over the past twenty years, social and economic decline in rural areas has intensified in the Central and Eastern European countries. A precondition for the reversal of this decline is the implementation of new policies in relation to the fundamentals of Land ownership and management. In addition to addressing the problems of Land ownership Fragmentation, these should include measures to improve agricultural production and employment, taxation policy, and legislation to protect Land ownership rights, within the context of acknowledging environmental and sustainability considerations. In Europe, the requirement for readjusting unfavourable Land Fragmentation and promoting the appropriate use of Land combining with positive environmental solutions is expected to create new sustainable Land management systems. The consolidation of Land ownerships may be an effective and active Land management instrument which not only addresses the problems of Land Fragmentation, but also, if applied sensitively, may be an instrument for delivering sustainable rural development in a wider context. The aim of this research is to investigate Land consolidation as an essential tool to create sustainable rural areas in Lithuania.
Evelin Jurgenson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Land Fragmentation and other determinants of agricultural farm productivity the case of estonia
Land Use Policy, 2018Co-Authors: J Looga, Evelin Jurgenson, K Sikk, E Matveev, Siim MaasikamaeAbstract:The rising population of the world increases the need for raw materials and food. The more efficient production methods help to reduce the shortage of production and to mitigate climate change. This paper analyses the relationship between Land Fragmentation and farm productivity. The results show that Land Fragmentation measured using the Januszewski index has U-shape relationship to farm productivity: there are larger farms with many parcels which are productive, but their parcels are scattered and smaller farms, with few parcels that are also productive. We found an indicator which describes the differences in farms’ productivity based on their Land use – the area-weighted mean size of the parcels of one farm. This indicator is a statistically significant determinant of farm productivity. Other significant variables that are related to higher productivity are farm owners’ education, farm size, farming system and production type. Agricultural Land policies should consider multiple indicators and analyse different production types to intervene more effectively.
-
Land reform Land Fragmentation and perspectives for future Land consolidation in estonia
Land Use Policy, 2016Co-Authors: Evelin JurgensonAbstract:Land Fragmentation has been shown to limit agricultural production and more broadly rural development in many countries across the world. In the Central and Eastern European countries that gained independence during the early 1990s, Land Fragmentation has often occurred as a side-effect of Land reforms aimed at restoring Land ownership to the pre-WWII situation. This article provides an overview of the Estonian approach to Land reform, an analysis of how this has led to more fragmented Land tenure compared to 1940 and a discussion of the prospects for Land consolidation in Estonia. The analysis was based on archival records, legal acts, and a comparison of two study areas using a GIS. In both study areas, post-1990 Land reform had led to: (i) an increase in the number of Land plots; (ii) a reduction in the average area of Land plots. Most Western European and some Central and Eastern European countries have long traditions of Land consolidation with the main objective being reducing the disadvantages caused by Land Fragmentation. In Estonia Land consolidation projects were implemented after independence in 1919 and again during the 1990s. Unfortunately this activity has stopped and Land consolidation tools have not been developed further. To develop a modern Land consolidation tool, political will is required, as is the awareness of politicians, government institutions, Land owners and Land users and there is a need to amend the existing legal framework to make it fit for purpose.
